Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease. The disease is the fourth leading cause of death and more than 5 percent of the adult population worldwide is affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and COPD. Search for material for the literature review was done in the medical database PubMed where the keywords were: "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" and "Periodontal health or periodontal disease". The result is based on twelve studies that were extracted and analyzed. The studies have investigated pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing and bone loss. Ten studies compared a COPD group with a healthy control group, one study compared two COPD groups and one study examined a COPD group and a group with other lung diseases. Most studies found that people with COPD had a higher incidence of pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing and bone loss. The conclusion of the literature review is that there is an association between periodontitis and COPD and that smoking is a link between the two diseases. / Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är en kronisk lungsjukdom. Sjukdomen är den fjärde vanligaste dödsorsaken och mer än 5 procent av den vuxna befolkningen i världen är drabbade. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka sambandet mellan parodontit och KOL. Sökning efter material till litteraturstudien gjordes i den medicinska databasen PubMed där sökorden var: ”Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” och ”Periodontal health or periodontal disease”. Resultatet är baserat på tolv vetenskapliga studier som har analyserats och granskats. Studierna har undersökt fickdjup, fästeförlust, plackindex, blödning vid sondering och benförlust. Tio studier jämförde en KOL-grupp med en frisk kontrollgrupp, en studie jämförde två KOL-grupper och en studie undersökte en KOL-grupp och en grupp med andra lungsjukdomar. Flertalet studier kom fram till att personer med KOL hade högre förekomst av fickdjup, fästeförlust, plackindex, blödning vid sondering och benförlust. Slutsatsen är att det fanns ett samband mellan parodontit och KOL och att rökning har en koppling mellan sjukdomarna.

<p>Patients who are in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience a significantly increased rate of atherosclerotic complications. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these complications. The major acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Many patients in ESRD experience elevated CRP levels without an overt infection. Periodontal diseases in the general population have been associated with both an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic complications and an elevation in serum CRP values. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether periodontal disease is associated with increased systemic inflammation reflected by CRP values, in patients with ESRD on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) or perioneal dialysis (PD).</p>

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare two different methods of root surface debridement for the treatment of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis; fluorescence-guided laser debridement using an Er:YAG laser (ERL) or mechanical scaling and root-planing (SRP/UL) using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. The effectiveness of each treatment method was assessed by patient-centred outcomes such as clinical periodontal measurements and patients� overall experience. Methods: This study was a phase IV randomised controlled clinical trial, with all examinations and treatments carried out between 1st February 2007 and 7th March 2008. Using a split-mouth design, each patient received both test and control treatments. The control quadrants received scaling and root planing using a Piezon� (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) ultrasonic scaler and Gracey curettes, while the test quadrants received fluorescence-guided Er:YAG laser root debridement (Keylaser 3, Kavo, Biberach, Germany; panel settings 160mJ/pulse, 10Hz, water spray, 655nm fluorescence calculus-detection system). Full mouth clinical measurements [plaque index (PlI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL)] were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 weeks post-therapy. A patient questionnaire was used to evaluate patient perception in terms of pain, discomfort and satisfaction during treatment, and 24 hours and one week post-treatment. A wash-out period of 6 weeks enabled each patient to evaluate their experience of each treatment on its own merit. Results: Twenty-eight patients received both treatments and completed the patient perception questionnaire. No significant difference was found between ERL and SRP/UL in terms of pain and discomfort during treatment, and 24 hours and one week post-treatment. In terms of patient satisfaction, none of the patients rated ERL more favourably than SRP/UL immediately following treatment, however no significant difference was found 24 hours later and one week post-therapy. Complete clinical data was collected for 22 patients, four of whom increased their tobacco consumption to [greater than or equal to] 10 cigarettes/day. Therefore, the analysis of clinical data was carried out twice with respect to patients� smoking status. In patients who smoked [less than or equal to] 9 cigarettes/day (n = 18 patients), ERL provided less PD reduction at 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001, 6 weeks; p < 0.05, 12 weeks) than SRP/UL. Even though SRP/UL quadrants had a greater proportion of sites with BOP (% BOP) at baseline, at 6 weeks they showed a significantly greater reduction in %BOP (p = 0.0123) than ERL quadrants, however there was with no significant difference in bleeding scores (p = 0.202) at 12 weeks post-therapy. When patients who smoked [greater than or equal to] 10 cigarettes/day were included in the analyses (n = 22 patients), ERL resulted in less BOP reduction and PD reduction at 6 and 12 weeks following treatment (BOP reduction: 6 weeks p < 0.05, 12 weeks p < 0.001; PD reduction: 6 weeks p < 0.01, 12 weeks p < 0.05). Although statistically significant, the differences between the treatment groups were very small and were not clinically significant. Conclusion: The use of ERL for root surface debridement offers no significant advantages over mechanical therapy in the treatment of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis, in terms of clinical outcomes and patient perception of pain, discomfort or satisfaction related to the procedure.

Chapter 1: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease wherein microbial factors induce complex inflammatory and immune responses in a susceptible host. In periodontitis host-derived enzymes, cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators play an integral role in the destruction of tooth supporting structures and alveolar bone. TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis), one of the members of the TNF superfamily, has recently been identified as an important inflammatory mediator. Fn14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14) protein/TWEAKR has been identified as the cell surface receptor for TWEAK. TWEAK/Fn14 signaling results in multiple biologic effects including induction of inflammatory cytokines, modulating immune response angiogenesis and stimulation of apoptosis. TWEAK has also been shown to promote osteoclastic differentiation of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Expression of TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 is elevated in tissues and cells cultured from a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory skin, kidney and airway diseases. This review considers the biology of TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 in periodontitis. Chapter 2: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease wherein microbial factors induce complex inflammatory and immune responses in a susceptible host. In periodontitis host derived enzymes, cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators play an integral role in the destruction of tooth supporting structures and alveolar bone. TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is one of the newest members of the TNF superfamily to be identified. Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) protein/TWEAKR has been identified as the cell surface receptor for TWEAK. TWEAK/Fn14 signaling results in multiple biologic effects including induction of inflammatory cytokines, modulating immune response angiogenesis and stimulation of apoptosis. Recently, TWEAK has also been shown to promote osteoclastic differentiation of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Expression of TWEAK and its receptor Fn14, is elevated in tissues and cells cultured from a number of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory skin, kidney and airway diseases. Accordingly, we hypothesised that the expression of TWEAK and Fn14/TWEAKR will be increased in tissue samples from periodontitis patients. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1367201 / Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) - University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2009

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare two different methods of root surface debridement for the treatment of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis; fluorescence-guided laser debridement using an Er:YAG laser (ERL) or mechanical scaling and root-planing (SRP/UL) using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. The effectiveness of each treatment method was assessed by patient-centred outcomes such as clinical periodontal measurements and patients� overall experience. Methods: This study was a phase IV randomised controlled clinical trial, with all examinations and treatments carried out between 1st February 2007 and 7th March 2008. Using a split-mouth design, each patient received both test and control treatments. The control quadrants received scaling and root planing using a Piezon� (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) ultrasonic scaler and Gracey curettes, while the test quadrants received fluorescence-guided Er:YAG laser root debridement (Keylaser 3, Kavo, Biberach, Germany; panel settings 160mJ/pulse, 10Hz, water spray, 655nm fluorescence calculus-detection system). Full mouth clinical measurements [plaque index (PlI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL)] were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 weeks post-therapy. A patient questionnaire was used to evaluate patient perception in terms of pain, discomfort and satisfaction during treatment, and 24 hours and one week post-treatment. A wash-out period of 6 weeks enabled each patient to evaluate their experience of each treatment on its own merit. Results: Twenty-eight patients received both treatments and completed the patient perception questionnaire. No significant difference was found between ERL and SRP/UL in terms of pain and discomfort during treatment, and 24 hours and one week post-treatment. In terms of patient satisfaction, none of the patients rated ERL more favourably than SRP/UL immediately following treatment, however no significant difference was found 24 hours later and one week post-therapy. Complete clinical data was collected for 22 patients, four of whom increased their tobacco consumption to [greater than or equal to] 10 cigarettes/day. Therefore, the analysis of clinical data was carried out twice with respect to patients� smoking status. In patients who smoked [less than or equal to] 9 cigarettes/day (n = 18 patients), ERL provided less PD reduction at 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001, 6 weeks; p < 0.05, 12 weeks) than SRP/UL. Even though SRP/UL quadrants had a greater proportion of sites with BOP (% BOP) at baseline, at 6 weeks they showed a significantly greater reduction in %BOP (p = 0.0123) than ERL quadrants, however there was with no significant difference in bleeding scores (p = 0.202) at 12 weeks post-therapy. When patients who smoked [greater than or equal to] 10 cigarettes/day were included in the analyses (n = 22 patients), ERL resulted in less BOP reduction and PD reduction at 6 and 12 weeks following treatment (BOP reduction: 6 weeks p < 0.05, 12 weeks p < 0.001; PD reduction: 6 weeks p < 0.01, 12 weeks p < 0.05). Although statistically significant, the differences between the treatment groups were very small and were not clinically significant. Conclusion: The use of ERL for root surface debridement offers no significant advantages over mechanical therapy in the treatment of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis, in terms of clinical outcomes and patient perception of pain, discomfort or satisfaction related to the procedure.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available online.

Thesis (M. Sc. Dent.)--Discipline of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, 2006. / Title from title screen (viewed July 11, 2007). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry to the Discipline of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1991. / Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 27, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry. Degree awarded 1991; thesis submitted 1990. Includes tables. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.