Alla organisationer genomgår förändringar i olika former. Ibland innebär förändringar ekonomiska nedskärningar i organisationen. Organisationen SJ har under senare tid gjort nedskärningar i samband med en förändrad situation i deras omvärld. I studien är vi intresserade av att undersöka hur individers lärandemöjligheter påverkas när de befinner sig i en organisation som utsätts för ekonomiska nedskärningar. Syftet är att få kunskap om lärandemöjligheter i en organisation som har genomgått ekonomiska nedskärningar. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning. Vi har intervjuat fem HR personer med olika chefsbefattningar med syftet att ta reda på hur individen tolkar och har för inställning till lärande under en nedskärningsprocess. Resultaten i studien beskriver att vid en nedskärning inom organisationen SJ är erfarenhetsutbytet grunden till lärandet. Detta eftersom det varken finns tid eller resurser till att gå en utbildning. Dessutom diskuterar vi informanternas förutsättningar för lärande och utveckling vid en nedskärningsprocess.

The purpose with this qualitative interview-study was to try, from the carer´s point of view, to describe the meaning and the essence of the good meeting. The participants were selectively chosen and were all women of varying life- and professional experience. They were interviewed with four interrogative forms that dealt with the experiences of the meaning and the essence of the good meeting. The analysis of the contents of the four interviews produced five themes: the meaning and the essence of aware presence in the good meeting, the meaning and the essence of the personal alliance, the carer's need of being seen and getting appreciation, the courage to bring up insulting behaviors while still preserving the relationship, personal qualities of the care. Aware presence was to be a main theme through out the meeting. Mutual satisfaction and attention to personal boundaries was emphasized primarily in the personal alliance and trust and confidence was important. It was considered difficult, sharing your personality while still stake out boundaries. The carer also had the need to feel seen and to receive appreciation. The carer as a reward for a work, well done, took positive signals from the person in receipt of care. In close relationships and meetings, the carer sometimes felt insulted by the persons in receipt of care and their relatives. The informants to create the good meeting used personal qualities like courage, sensitivity, flair and common sense.

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This record of study is an examination of the personal costs negotiated by three African American women central office educational leaders. The focus is to identify the personal costs that these women experience as they work as leaders in three different urban educational settings. The purpose of this study is to give voice to these women and to promote the utilization of their knowledge and skills by identifying the costs, consequences of the costs and the ways these women cope, as well as to provide research for the small number of African American female central office leaders. This qualitative study included some of my experiences related to personal costs as well, since I share race and gender characteristics with the women participants and was an integral part of this research study. In addition I used feminist and Black feminist epistemology to guide my work. To access the data, I interviewed each woman twice in a location of her choice. The interviews were audio-taped and then transcribed. The transcriptions were read and re-read and the data unitized. The data were coded by the action or type of experience. Data were compiled into categories and then within each category subcategories were noted. The categories were derived from a combination of codes emerging from the data as well as core themes of Black feminist epistemology. The women in my study were well educated; two of them had doctoral degrees. They noted cost associated with their work as professionals as well as costs associated with their families and home life. Some identified costs were reduced time with families, health issues, few mentors, the scrutiny and burden of being the only African American female on their level in their organizations and salary inequities. To manage the costs the women utilized hired assistance, utilized the support of family and friends, were prayerful and maintained a commitment which centered on the vocation of children‟s education. Recommendations for solutions include a collective sponsorship to address the costs. In addition, it is in the best interest of everyone in schools to have more women like these leaders.

Maslow¡¦s famous theory, the demand theory, constitutes a hierarchy of five levels. One can fulfill these demands stage by stage provided one has sufficient money. In Taiwan, more and more people are getting old, but the government hasn¡¦t figured out the welfare system for the aged. Without annuities after retirement, it¡¦s important for one to have an alternative. Financial planning helps one make good use of income to accumulate a considerable amount of money for children¡¦s education and spending after retirement. In this research, I try to establish the patterns of individual and family financial planning in the method of system dynamics, helping people to choose their destiny in their lives. This research shows that system dynamics modeling for the analysis of financial planning can really work. The structure and dynamics of systems enable us to understand and control the complex financial systems. It allows us to design strategies for greater success. This research reaches two achievements: 1. Make causal loop diagrams (CLDs) of financial planning The CLDs eliciting here are suitable for individuals or teams. CLDs enable us to seek endogenous explanations for phenomena , instead of exogenous ones, which may be more lopsided. It can help us to have a whole picture of the interaction of the variables presented. 2. Formulate a simulation model The model built in this research can lead to quantification results, which enable us to compare all kinds of different situations and estimate the long-term influences on different plans . The long-term financial investment planning must be done under an effective management structure. An investment managed in scientific methods can be more effective and create a fortune more easily as well. A well-designed financial planning allows one to understand one¡¦s financial condition, precisely predict the cash flows in the future, and choose the most suitable kind of investment combination. In this way, one can successfully accomplish each goal of one¡¦s life without any concerning for money.

This thesis addresses the correctness requirements of a formal model. This model is called the personal process model. A personal process is a coordination of personal activities, each requiring a joint effort between a user and an enacting organization. We identify data and temporal dependencies as the key elements for personal process coordination. We define the correctness on personal process types and instances. We also identify three key QoS measures on personal process instances, namely the response time, the cost and the reliability. A personal process is managed by a personal workflow management system (PWFMS) running on a handheld device. Considering the fact that handheld devices usually impose strict limitations on their computation power and battery consumptions, we propose efficient algorithms for verifying the correctness and analyzing the QoSs of a personal process at run-time.

Abstract As the Internet and wireless technologies become mature, people may use more than one digital device to manage their personal data. However, the complexities and difficulties in personal information management will arise due to various devices and heterogeneous platforms. To cope with this problem, we design an intelligent architecture for personal information management based on the XML-RPC technology, which allows the software running on disparate operating systems and in different environments to make procedure calls over the Internet. We also implement an information server to manage the whole data and handle the synchronization process. The system provides users a simple and convenient environment to manage and synchronize their personal information. Besides, the group facility in this system makes the people in the same group or community capable of sharing their information more easily.

With Taiwan¡¦s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign-based oil manufacturers will join, in succession, the motor oil market in Taiwan. This will definitely push further the competition for business that has been made intense by a large number of domestic manufacturers. Therefore, it will be necessary to analyze consumers¡¦ behavior in buying motor oil in order to promote and sell this product. This research examined consumers¡¦ sex, age, education, occupation, and monthly income and investigated whether differences in these factors would lead to significant differences in suggestions and perception, in methods of collecting information and the degree of involvement in the evaluation of plans, and in post-purchase satisfaction and loyalty of reference groups related with motor oil products and prices under different situations. Drivers of small cars registered with Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were, based on convenient sampling, taken as the subjects that received questionnaire survey. The collected data underwent statistical procedures and analysis, and conclusions and suggestions were drawn and put up to be adopted by concerned enterprises to maintain their market shares and even enhance their competitive edge. The research has obtained findings and offered suggestions that follow: ¤@¡BFindings: ¡]¤@¡^¡BFemales are more likely than their male counterparts to purchase products at bargain prices, and when they are satisfied with the quality of a motor oil product, they are more likely to purchase the same product in the future. ¡]¤G¡^¡BConsumers younger than 30 are more likely to purchase products at bargain prices and more heavily influenced by price suggestions offered by others. ¡]¤T¡^¡BConsumers with college or graduate education are more heavily susceptible to positive remarks than to negative remarks. These consumers consider products to be better in quality if their manufacturers provide better product information. They are more likely to buy motor oil products that have been advertised and promoted in humorous term ¡]¥|¡^¡B Consumers that are engaged in manufacturing have better chance to purchase products at bargain prices. They are more likely to purchase the products that they have used and felt good about the quality and price. On the other hand, if they are not satisfied in these two areas, they will be very likely to switch to other products. ¡]¤­¡^¡BIn purchasing a motor oil product at bargain prices, consumers with low income are more concerned about the evaluation of this product after using it. ¤G¡BSuggestions: ¡]¤@¡^¡BOil manufacturers should enhance their R & D capability, increase the popularity of their products, appeal to customers in humorous ways, and pack products properly and offer them at competitive prices. ¡]¤G¡^¡BOffer various sources of information about products to which consumers have easy access, and gain consumers¡¦ satisfaction with product quality and price so as to win their loyalty.

Increases in bandwidth and computational speed lead to growing interests in real-time audio and video communication over the Internet. With dramatic increase in wireless access recently, a challenging problem associated with audio and video communication lies in how to cope with packet loss and achieve acceptable video quality at the receiver and utilizing the limited wireless bandwidth efficiently. In this paper, we implement a system, Personal Mobile Communicator, to offer video and audio streaming communication. We employ MPEG-4 and GSM to compress video and audio data. MPEG-4 and GSM provide the standardized technological elements to compress video and audio data. MPEG-4 also takes a number of steps to enable robust transmission of compressed video data over noisy communication channels. We implement error resilience tools for reliable transmission and error concealment technologies to provide better video quality when error occurred. The goal of this paper, we design a communication system that is suitable for communication over wireless channel and offer a verification platform for further research.

Abstract Due to the rapid growth of Taiwan enterprises in Mainland China these years, there is an increasing need for Taiwanese expatriates. In earlier days, only few people wanted to be assigned for working in China because of the worst political and living conditions. However, the situation is absolutely changed nowadays. More and more people volunteer to be allotted in China. Meanwhile, the motivation to work in China is not merely for fringe benefit or keeping the job. On the contrary, there are many Taiwanese settling families there f¡Cor their long-term career development. The phenomenon causes Taiwanese enterprises to ponder how to recruit the suitable expatriates and to reconsider the human resource strategy in China. Hence, we expect this research¡¦s result can not only help individuals to review their career plans but also provide companies ways to avoid failure by understanding the reasons why those employees strive to work in Mainland China. This study aims to examine the relationship between work values, personal characters, and career orientations of Taiwanese expatriates in Mainland China. Furthermore, it exploits immigrant intention as the moderate variable to distinguish the difference of career orientations. We conduct questionnaires in this survey to get widespread and universal conclusions. Besides, the qualitative research method will be adopted too. We will interview 5 to 8 Shanghai immigrants from Taiwan to complete this study. After Taiwan accession to World Trade Organization (WTO), the pressure of international competition has become more and more intense. How can we keep the ¡§economic miracle¡¨? To develop Taiwanese excellent human resources is the key to keep Taiwan competitive advantage. Needless to say, we need to realize employee¡¦s work values, personal characters and their career orientations, which can assist the organizations to design all the related human resources programs to optimize the manpower. This study tries to find out the different kinds of models about expatriates. Therefore, organizations can expand their business in overseas markets depending on their own demand to allocate the right person in the right place.