Titel: Leder du dina medarbetare på bästa sätt? En kvantitativ undersökning av föredragen ledarskapsstil baserat på personlighet hos medarbetaren. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Ludvig Friman och Wilma Söderberg Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: Juni 2023 Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka medarbetares föredragna ledarskapsstil utifrån CPE-modellen relaterat till personlighetsdrag utifrån The Big Five. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ forskningsmetodologi med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Med teorin kring det identifierade forskningsgapet som bakgrund kunde hypoteser produceras. Dessa hypoteser testades mot det empiriska materialet som samlats in genom en enkätundersökning. Genom en analys av det empiriska materialet lyckades lösningar till problemformuleringen utvecklas. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet visar på flera korrelationer mellan föredragen ledarskapsstil och medarbetarens personlighet. Några av korrelationerna är i enlighet med hypoteserna men andra korrelationer visar på motsägande eller ej förutsedda samband. Därmed kan studien presentera en slutsats som bygger på en kumulativ grund och empiriska resultat. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studiens bidrag, är att ge en ökad förståelse och kunskap till vilken slags ledarskapsstil som föredras av svenska fastighetsmäklare i Stockholms kommun. Målet är att förbättra ledarskapet inom mäklarbranschen och minska personalomsättningen. Då ledarskap är en av anledningarna till att mäklare slutar (Högskolan i Gävle, 2020) ses denna undersökning som en viktig pusselbit för att förbättra ledarskapet inom branschen. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett av våra förslag till vidare forskning är bland annat att det vore intressant att replikera föreliggande studie och göra den generaliserbar och utföra studien på alla registrerade fastighetsmäklare i hela Sverige. Sedan jämförs båda studiernas resultat. Vidare vore det intressant att utföra en kvalitativ undersökning med samma syfte som föreliggande studie. Nyckelord: Föredraget ledarskap, Ledarskapsstil, CPE-modellen, Personlighetsdrag, The Big Five. / Title: Do you lead your team in the best way? A quantitative study on preferred leadership and personality among employees. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Authors: Ludvig Friman and Wilma Söderberg Supervisor: Lars-Johan Åge Date: June 2023 Aim: The purpose of the present study is to investigate employees' preferred leadership style based on the model CPE related to personality traits based on The Big Five. Method: The study is based on a quantitative research methodology with a deductive approach. With the theory surrounding the identified research gap as a background, hypotheses could be produced. These hypotheses were tested against the empirical material collected through a questionnaire survey. Through an analysis of the empirical material, solutions to the theoretical problem were successfully developed. Result & conclusion: The results show several correlations between preferred leadership style and the employee's personality. Some of the correlations are in accordance with the hypotheses, but other correlations show contradictory or unanticipated relationships. Thus, the study can present a conclusion based on a cumulative basis and empirical results. Contribution of the thesis: This study's contribution is to provide an increased understanding and knowledge of what kind of leadership style is preferred by Swedish real estate agents in Stockholm municipality. The goal is to improve leadership within the brokerage industry and reduce staff turnover. Since leadership is one of the reasons why brokers quit (Högskolan i Gävle, 2020), this survey is seen as an important piece of the puzzle to improve leadership within the industry. Suggestions for future research: One of our suggestions for further research is, among other things, that it would be interesting to replicate the current study and make it generalizable and carry out the study on all registered real estate agents throughout Sweden. Then compare the results of both studies. Furthermore, it would be interesting to carry out a qualitative investigation with the same aim as the present study. Key words: Preferred leadership, Leadership style, CPE-model, Personality traits, The Big Five.

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El simple hecho de estar expuestos a la violencia en los diferentes contextos en que se desenvuelve el estudiante adolescente ya sea como víctima u observador puede llegar a moldear su personalidad, lo que conlleva a causar daño físico y psicológico. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la relación entre la exposición a la violencia y los rasgos de personalidad en estudiantes de una institución educativa pública de Chiclayo. La investigación tiene una muestra de 125 estudiantes del 3er y 4to grado de secundaria. Ésta se desarrolló mediante un diseño de tipo no experimental, transversal y correlacional utilizando dos instrumentos para medir ambas variables: El cuestionario CEV adaptado al contexto peruano por Moreano (2018) y el Inventario EPI de Eysenck estandarizado al contexto peruano por Valera (2016). Los resultados indican que existe una relación significativa entre la exposición a la violencia y los rasgos de personalidad en estudiantes de nivel secundario. / The simple fact of being exposed to violence in the different contexts in which the adolescent student develops, whether as a victim or observer, can mold his or her personality, which leads to physical and psychological harm. The present study will aim to identify the relationship between exposure to violence and personality traits in students of a public educational institution in Chiclayo. The research will have a sample of N students in the 3rd and 4th grades of secondary school. It will be developed through a non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational design using two instruments to measure both variables. The CEV questionnaire adapted to the Peruvian context by Moreano (2018) and the Eysenck EPI Inventory standardized to the Peruvian context by Valera (2016). The results could indicate that there is a significant relationship between exposure to violence and personality traits in high school students.

Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på om personlighetsdragen enligt Big Five kunde predicera intentionen att avsluta pågående anställning (ITL) när det kontrollerades för arbetstillfredsställelse. Studien besvarade även frågan om vilket av personlighetsdragen som korrelerade starkast med ITL. En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med hjälp av en webbenkät där deltagarurvalet bestod av 135 gymnasielärare i Sverige som arbetat minst 12 månader på den nuvarande arbetsplatsen. Analysen genomfördes i form av en hierarkisk regressionsanalys. Resultatet för studien visade på att ingen av prediktorernas regressionskoefficient befann sig under den utsatta signifikansnivån och därmed kunde dessa inte predicera intentionen att avsluta pågående anställning. Vänlighet var det personlighetsdrag som korrelerade starkast med ITL hos urvalsgruppen. / The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Big Five personality traits could predict the intention to leave (ITL) when controlling for job satisfaction. The study also addressed which of the personality traits correlated most strongly with ITL. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a web survey, with a sample of 135 high school teachers in Sweden who had been employed at their current workplace for at least 12 months. The analysis was conducted using hierarchical regression analysis. Thestudy's results showed that none of the predictors' regression coefficients were below the designated significance level, and therefore, they could not predict the intention to leave. Agreeableness was the personality trait that correlated most strongly with ITL in the sample group.

The object of the study was procrastination. The subject of the study was the relationship of procrastination with personal characteristics. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (84 sources) and two appendices. The volume of the master's thesis is 91 pages, which contain 3 figures and 9 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of procrastination. It contains sections devoted to the study of the diversity of ideas about the phenomenon of procrastination and the relationship of procrastination with various personal characteristics, namely personality traits, coping strategies, reflection and implicit ideas about emotions. The conclusions of the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: the general procrastination Scale by Lay K. H.; the HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire by Lee K., Ashton M.; The Questionnaire of coping methods by Lazarus R., Folkman S.; The questionnaire "Differential type of reflection" by Leontiev D. A., Lapteva E. M., Osina E. N., Salikhova A. Zh.; Likhi R. Scale of emotional schemes. The chapter also presents a comparative, correlation and regression analysis of the research results. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of an empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described. The results of the work. Procrastination is positively associated with the coping strategy of "distancing", quasi-reflection, such irrational ideas about emotions as disability, incomprehensibility, loss of control, accusation, and is negatively associated with the coping strategies of "seeking social support", "problem solving planning" and personality traits "conscientiousness" and "extraversion". For people with low procrastination, the use of a coping planning strategy is more typical. High procrastination is accompanied by pronounced quasi-reflection and introversion, as well as weaker conscientiousness. Predictors of procrastination are quasi-reflection and loss of control (positive contribution), conscientiousness and planning (negative contribution). The scope of application of the obtained results is psychological counseling. The significance of the work: the results of the study can be applied in the development of methodological and practical recommendations and tools to overcome procrastination for those who feel the negative effects of procrastination. / Объектом исследования явилась прокрастинация. Предметом исследования стала связь прокрастинации с личностными характеристиками. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (84 источника) и двух приложений. Объем магистерской диссертации 91 страница, на которых размещены 3 рисунка и 9 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме прокрастинации. Она содержит разделы, посвященные исследованию многообразия представлений о феномене откладывания и взаимосвязи прокрастинации с различными личностными характеристиками, а именно чертами личности, копинг-стратегиями, рефлексией и имплицитными представлениями об эмоциях. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Шкале общей прокрастинации Лэй К.Х.; Опроснику HEXACO-PI-R Ли К., Эштона М.; Опроснику способов совладания Лазаруса Р., Фолкман С.; Опроснику «Дифференциальный тип рефлексии» Леонтьева Д.А., Лаптевой Е.М., Осина Е.Н., Салиховой А.Ж.; Шкале эмоциональных схем Лихи Р. Также в главе представлен сравнительный, корреляционный и регрессионный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. Результаты работы. Прокрастинация положительно связана с копинг-стратегией «дистанцирование», квазирефлексией, такими иррациональными представлениями об эмоциях, как инвалидация, непонятность, потеря контроля, обвинение, и отрицательно связана с копинг-стратегиями «поиск социальной поддержки», «планирование решения проблемы» и чертами личности «добросовестность» и «экстраверсия». Для людей с низкой прокрастинацией более характерно применение копинг-стратегии планирования. Высокая прокрастинация сопровождается квазирефлексией и интроверсией, а также более слабой добросовестностью. Предикторами прокрастинации являются квазирефлексия и потеря контроля (положительный вклад), добросовестность и планирование (отрицательный вклад). Область применения полученных результатов – психологическое консультирование. Значимость работы: результаты исследования можно применить при разработке методических и практических рекомендаций и инструментов по преодолению откладывания для тех, кто ощущает негативные последствия прокрастинации.

<p dir="ltr">Automaticity, an essential attribute of skill, is developed when a task is executed repeatedly with minimal attention and can have both good (e.g., productivity, skill acquisitions) and bad (e.g., accident involvement) implications on workers’ performance. However, the implications of automaticity in construction are unknown despite their significance. To address this knowledge gap, this research aimed to examine methods that are indicative of the development of automaticity on construction sites and its implications on construction safety and productivity. The objectives of the dissertation include: 1) examining the development of automaticity during the repetitive execution of a primary task of roofing construction and a concurrent secondary task (a computer-generated audio-spatial processing task) to measure attentional resources; 2) using eye-tracking metrics to distinguish between automatic and nonautomatic subjects and determine the significant factors contributing to the odds of automatic behavior; 3) determining which personal characteristics (such as personality traits and mindfulness dimensions) better explain the variability in the attention of workers while developing automaticity. To achieve this objective, 28 subjects were recruited to take part in a longitudinal study involving a total of 22 repetitive sessions of a simulated roofing task. The task involves the installation of 17 pieces of 25 ft2 shingles on a low-sloped roof model that was 8 ft wide, 8 ft long, and 4 ft high for one month in a laboratory. The collected data was analyzed using multiple statistical and data mining techniques such as repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA), pairwise comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine (SVM), binary logistic regression (BLR), relative weight analyses (RWA), and advanced bootstrapping techniques to address the research questions. First, the findings showed that as the experiment progressed, there were significant improvements in the mean automatic performance measures such as the mean primary task duration, mean primary task accuracy, and mean secondary task score over the repeated measurements (p-value < 0.05). These findings were used to demonstrate that automaticity develops during repetitive construction activities. This is because these automatic performance measures provide an index for assessing feature-based changes that are synonymous with automaticity development. Second, this study successfully used supervised machine learning methods including SVM to classify subjects (with an accuracy of 76.8%) based on their eye-tracking data into automatic and nonautomatic states. Also, BLR was used to estimate the probability of exhibiting automaticity based on eye-tracking metrics and ascertain the variables significantly contributing to it. Eye-tracking variables collected towards safety harness and anchor, hammer, and work area AOIs were found to be significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the probability of exhibiting automatic behavior. Third, the results revealed that higher levels of agreeableness significantly impact increased levels of change in attention to productivity-related cues during automatic behavior. Additionally, higher levels of nonreactivity to inner experience significantly reduce the changes in attention to safety-related AOIs while developing automaticity. The findings of this study provide metrics to assess training effectiveness. The findings of this study can be used by practitioners to better understand the positive and negative consequences of developing automaticity, measure workers’ performance more accurately, assess training effectiveness, and personalize learning for workers. In long term, the findings of this study will also aid in improving human-AI teaming since the AI will be better able to understand the cognitive state of its human counterpart and can more precisely adapt to him or her.</p>

Dispersal is a key life history trait for ecological and evolutionary processes in wild populations. The latest research has particularly focused on the correlation between behavioural traits and dispersal, in order to emphasize the existence of behavioural syndromes of dispersal, and on the estimation of the genetic basis of the dispersal behaviour. Dispersing individuals are not a random part of the population, but are individuals showing particular strategies, that help them to succeed in their dispersal attempt. This thesis has three main aims of research. The first is to show a genetic basis of the dispersal propensity in a fragmented population of collared flycatchers (Ficedulla albicollis). We show, not only, the genetic bases of the dispersal, but also a non-random spatial distribution of relationship between individuals in this population, that might be due to genetic effects on the decision rules of habitat choice in this population. The second aim concerns phenotypic and a genetic correlation between the natal dispersal and a behavioural trait, the nest-defense behaviour, in the alpin swift (Tachymarptis melba). We showed that natal dispersal and nest-defense behaviour were negatively correlated at a phenotypic level, but also at a genetic level in these populations. Finally, the third aim attempts to test the existence of a behavioural syndrome of dispersal, that is if dispersing individuals have a particular behavioural profile, which enable them to colonize new sites, in the collared flycatcher. / <p>The exmination will be videolinked to seminar room 1003 Evolutionary Biology Centre, EBC, Uppsala University.</p>

The main purpose of this study was to determine: * If there is a relationship between certain personality traits and participation in sport. * Whether cricket players possess certain personality traits in general and with regard to levels of play, playing positions and age. The literature study indicated that the study of personality tend to be complex and showed a relationship between personality traits and participation in sport. Furthermore the literature study showed that personality is not static, but dependant on acquired traits and responses. The empirical study revealed that certain personality traits in cricket players figure stronger than others regarding levels of play, playing positions and age, for example cricket players on club level tend to have more self control than school players and bowlers tend to show a larger tendency to disregard social rules and tend to be more enthusiastic, and greater risk-takers than batsmen and wicketkeepers. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The main aim of the research project was to develop a change agent identification framework, to be used by organisational change management specialists to identify change agents more effectively in large organisations moving forward. To date, little research has been conducted regarding the role and identification of change agents in large organisations. In the context of the research project, the sample of change agents used, referred to employees affected by the change, spread across the organisation, assisting in communicating key messages and ensuring that their peers become change ready. A thorough 12-step empirical research process was followed, which included both a qualitative and quantitative approach. The qualitative process consisted of the development of a change agent identification framework, comprising of four dimensions, each with supportive information and/or items. The aim of the quantitative process was to empirically test the personality trait dimension of the framework with a sample group of 27 change agents and 135 employees influenced by a transformation process. This was to determine which change agent personality traits has a positive impact/effect on employee change readiness levels during transformation. Through a rigorous analysis process, only the phlegmatic, persuasive and optimistic personality traits resulted in having some positive effect on employees during a transformation process. In support of these findings, the literature study findings as well as the qualitative empirical research findings indicated that the persuasive and optimistic personality traits need to form part of a change agents’ personality profile. The phlegmatic personality trait was not evident throughout all literature findings. The literature and empirical results contributed towards a comprehensive understanding of the way in which individuals should be identified as change agents in large organisations. The developed framework should assist industrial and organisational psychologists in the future to identify individuals as change agents, more efficiently. Recommendations were made on the future expansion of a knowledge base for organisational change agents. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)