Background: The last few decades have seen neuroscience rapidly progress as a discipline. Development of research techniques such as neuroimaging have been utilised to increase an understanding of our species. Counselling psychologists are trained to combine the world of humanistic and phenomenological philosophies with an ability to understand and undertake psychological research, leading to interventions which are theoretically and subjectively informed. This work is undertaken through the reflexive and scientist-practitioner models which underpin the identity of the discipline. As such, counselling psychologists would seem ideally placed to integrate neuroscience into their work, utilising their reflective and scientist practitioner identities to both utilise and add to neuroscience research, helping to increase the understanding and efficacy of interventions for our species' mental health. However, it appears to be unknown as to whether this is something that counselling psychologists want, particularly in the UK. Aims and Method: The aim of this research was to explore UK based counselling psychologists' views and experiences of integrating neuroscience into their work. An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was undertaken. Six participants were recruited into three different groups of interest/understanding in integrating neuroscience into counselling psychology. One hour semi-structured interviews were carried out with each participant to explore their views and experiences relating to the paradigm. Findings and Discussion: Six master themes emerged from the analysis; 'The Dangers of neuroscience', 'Defining neuroscience', 'There are ways that neuroscience can help us', 'Methods of learning and the need for training', 'Integration: The opposition and the need - finding the balance', and 'My practitioner identity'. The themes presented various advantages, dangers and challenges to integration, some of which aligned with existing literature and some of which presented new thoughts and feelings on the paradigm. Conclusion: The six master themes highlighted that participants indicated an overall view that UK counselling psychologists are currently integrating neuroscience into their work, utilising neuroscience theory as a way to develop their understanding of clients, as well as to communicate with clients and multi-disciplinary colleagues. Participants provided a number of experiential advantages of integration and indicated that they want to integrate even more with neuroscience, incorporating neuroscience into doctorate and CPD training, though they acknowledged the importance of balanced integration.

O presente estudo problematiza a afirmativa recorrente de que sujeitos com autismo possuem prejuízos ou mesmo não possuem linguagem. Com efeito, endosso a Tese de que os sujeitos com autismo podem ser compreendidos, a partir da linguagem, como um fenômeno e, assim, o fenômeno sujeitos com autismo pode mostrar-se como uma construção da espécie humana, com implicações dessa compreensão para a Educação. Baseada na perspectiva fenomenológica de Martin Heidegger, assumo a linguagem como um “caminho que se faz”. Essa expressão tem a ver com a possibilidade de fazer uma experiência com a linguagem e deixar que ela se mostre, não reduzindo ou simplificando tal noção. Metodologicamente, além da forma fenomenológica, trabalho com cinco noções heideggerianas — linguagem como linguagem, compreensão, dasein, disposição e fenômeno — e duas noções foucaultianas — sujeito e investimento político dos corpos. Ambos os autores potencializam a ideia de não naturalização dos padrões, bem como, mostram como nossas subjetividades passaram a ser gerenciadas Para elucidar esse pensamento, analiso os seguintes materiais: setenta e quatro Diários de Campo, que mostram as disposições dos sujeitos com autismo na/como linguagem, contextualizados a partir da Educação e um Conjunto de Movimentos, que envolve a interdiscursividade sobre os sujeitos com autismo nos aspectos biológicos, políticos, sociais, econômicos e ambientais. A partir da análise desses materiais foi possível inferir que há um esmaecimento da linguagem na sociedade ocidental em virtude do poder da comunicação que a racionalidade atual valoriza e também uma tradição de lógicas permanentes da linguagem operando sobre diferentes saberes que constroem, em rede, novas subjetividades. Portanto, o fenômeno sujeitos com autismo emerge devido às intervenções humanas realizadas no planeta. Essas intervenções se deram através da invenção dos saberes e das transformações que estes geraram nos recursos que possibilitam a vida. O avanço do entendimento do fenômeno sujeitos com autismo não depende de nenhuma cura, mas de mostrarmos que tais sujeitos são herdeiros da humanidade. As implicações dessa compreensão para a Educação configuram a responsabilidade de criar oportunidades que não estejam fundamentadas apenas na comparação entre os sujeitos e igualmente de ressignificar os sentidos tradicionalmente instituídos, além de não naturalizar a patologização dos sujeitos com autismo. / The present study problematizes the recurring affirmation that subjects with autism are prejudiced or do not even have language. Indeed, I defend the thesis that subjects with autism can be understood, from language, as a phenomenon, and thus the phenomenon subjects with autism can show up to be a construction of the human species, with implications of this comprehension for the Education. Based on Martin Heidegger's phenomenological perspective, I take language as a "way that one does." This expression has to do with the possibility of having an experience with the language and let it show itself, not reducing or simplifying that notion. Methodologically, in addition to the phenomenological form, I work with five Heideggerian notions - language like language, comprehension, dasein, disposition and phenomenon - and two Foucaultian notions - subject and political investment of bodies. Both authors potentiate the idea of non-naturalization of patterns, as well as show how our subjectivities were managed To elucidate this thought, I analyze the following materials: seventy-four Field Diaries, which show the dispositions of subjects with autism in/as language, contextualized from Education and a Set of Movements, which involves interdiscursivity about subjects with autism in biological, political, social, economic and environmental aspects. From the analysis of these materials, it is possible to infer that there is a fading of language in western society by virtue of the power of communication that the currently rationality values and also a tradition of permanent logics of language operating on different knowledge that constructs, in network, new subjectivities. Therefore, the phenomenon subjects with autism emerges due to human interventions performed on the planet. These interventions came about through the invention of the knowledge and transformations of the resources that make life possible. The advance of the understanding of the phenomenon subjects with autism does not depend on any cure, but of showing that such subjects are heirs of the humanity. The implications of this comprehension configure the responsibility of creating opportunities that are not based only on the comparison between the subjects, as well, as to re-significate the traditionally established senses, besides not naturalizing the pathologization of the subjects with autism.

O presente trabalho de tese consiste em uma abordagem ao problema do fundamento da subjetividade na fenomenologia a partir da hipótese interpretativa de que podemos identificar neste um movimento que se desdobra na transformação da concepção inicial de subjetividade constituinte na questão da constituição da subjetividade. A leitura aqui proposta assume a premissa de que essa transformação tem por base as modificações do programa inicial da fenomenologia em novos paradigmas metodológicos nos quais o método se volta para uma abordagem ontológica, e que é a partir desta que temos o problema posto então não mais nos termos da subjetividade como fundamento do conhecimento mas do problema ontológico do ser da subjetividade. O caminho que as análises aqui propostas pretendem apresentar é assim a tentativa de responder a questão de como se torna possível uma ontologia do sujeito na fenomenologia. / The present work of thesis consists of an approach to the problem of the foundation of subjectivity in phenomenology from the interpretative hypothesis that we can identify in this a movement that unfolds in the transformation of the initial conception of constituent subjectivity in the question of the constitution of subjectivity. The reading here proposed assumes the premise that this transformation is based on the modifications of the initial program of phenomenology in new methodological paradigms in which the method turns to an ontological approach, and that is from this that we have the problem put then no more In terms of subjectivity as the basis of knowledge but of the ontological problem of being of subjectivity. The way that the analyzes proposed here intend to present is thus the attempt to answer the question of how an ontology of the subject becomes possible in phenomenology.

The purpose of this research was to gain understanding of women's experience of depression using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Data was obtained from psychotherapy sessions with seven women who were diagnosed as clinically depressed. The sessions were audiotaped and then transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed using Van Manen's approach. Several interesting themes emerged from these transcripts: (a) living environment, (b) experience of time, (c) intimate relationships, (d) the body out of balance, (e) language, (f) medication, (g) symptoms, (h) distortions of thought, (i) telling the story, (j) from victim to survivor, and (k) coping strategies. The results of this research indicate that women have a knowledge and understanding of depression that is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers studying depression. / Graduate

Resumo: A investigação enfoca a interrogação como se revela o pensar no movimento da construção do conhecimento das estruturas da Álgebra. Os procedimentos considerados apropriados para essa investigação, após exaustiva análise, foram pautados na hermenêutica filosófica. Essa modalidade de pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica aponta como significativa uma análise encaminhada segundo um movimento dialético possibilitado pela estrutura da pergunta e da resposta. Respostas conduzidas por análises fenomenológicas de obras relevantes de autores considerados importantes na ciência do mundo ocidental, mais especificamente nas regiões de inquérito da História da Matemática, Filosofia da Matemática, Matemática, Educação, Educação Matemática e Filosofia. O movimento da construção do conhecimento das estruturas da Álgebra foi colocado em epoché. Essa análise contribuiu para com a construção do denominado texto-solo. O texto-solo é construído mediante a articulação de atividades matemáticas presentes na construção/produção das estruturas da Álgebra. Essas atividades foram organizadas de modo retroativo durante a pesquisa realizada, partindo do momento presente em direção ao circunstancial propulsor das estruturas da Álgebra. Esse texto é o solo de um segundo momento de análise que busca compreendê-lo expondo o movimento dialético que se dá na estrutura das perguntas e respostas que conduzem toda a investigação. Da articulação dessas perguntas e respostas chegou-se a três categorias abertas: Os modos de doação das estruturas da Álgebra, As estruturas das presenças - estruturas da Álgebra-ser humano e O modo de ser matemático do ser humano. A análise das categorias abertas revelou características essenciais das estruturas da Álgebra e o pensar que se dá como cógito fenomenológico no movimento da construção de seu conhecimento. Da clareira... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: This study focused on the question, How is thinking revealed in the movement of the construction of knowledge about structures of algebra? The procedures considered to be most appropriate for this study, after exhaustive analysis, were based on philosophical hermeneutics. This phenomenological, qualitative research approach emphasizes the meaningfulness of an analysis that follows a dialectic movement, made possible by the structure of the question and the response - responses guided by phenomenological analyses of the relevant works of authors considered to important in science in the Western world, specifically in the fields of Mathematics History, Philosophy of Mathematics, Mathematics, Education, Mathematics Education, and Philosophy. The movement of the construction of knowledge of structures of algebra was placed in epoché. The analysis contributed to the construction of the so-called grounded text. The grounded text is constructed through the articulation of mathematical activities present in the construction/production of structures of algebra. These activities were organized in a retroactive manner during the study, beginning with the present moment and moving in the direction of the circumstantial propeller of the structures of algebra. This text is the soil of a second moment of analysis that seeks to understand it, exposing the dialectic movement that takes place in the structure of the questions and responses that guide the entire investigation. Through the articulation of these questions and responses, we arrived at three open categories: the modes of donation of the structures of algebra; the structures of the presences - structures of algebra-human being; and the mathematical way of being of the human being. The analysis of the open categories revealed essential characteristics of the structures of algebra and the thinking that occurs as phenomenological... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Orientador: Maria Aparecida Viggiani Bicudo / Coorientador: Jairo José da Silva / Banca: Antonio Vicente Marafioti Garnica / Banca: Eduardo Sebastiani Ferreira / Banca: Maria Inês Fini / Doutor

O presente estudo problematiza a afirmativa recorrente de que sujeitos com autismo possuem prejuízos ou mesmo não possuem linguagem. Com efeito, endosso a Tese de que os sujeitos com autismo podem ser compreendidos, a partir da linguagem, como um fenômeno e, assim, o fenômeno sujeitos com autismo pode mostrar-se como uma construção da espécie humana, com implicações dessa compreensão para a Educação. Baseada na perspectiva fenomenológica de Martin Heidegger, assumo a linguagem como um “caminho que se faz”. Essa expressão tem a ver com a possibilidade de fazer uma experiência com a linguagem e deixar que ela se mostre, não reduzindo ou simplificando tal noção. Metodologicamente, além da forma fenomenológica, trabalho com cinco noções heideggerianas — linguagem como linguagem, compreensão, dasein, disposição e fenômeno — e duas noções foucaultianas — sujeito e investimento político dos corpos. Ambos os autores potencializam a ideia de não naturalização dos padrões, bem como, mostram como nossas subjetividades passaram a ser gerenciadas Para elucidar esse pensamento, analiso os seguintes materiais: setenta e quatro Diários de Campo, que mostram as disposições dos sujeitos com autismo na/como linguagem, contextualizados a partir da Educação e um Conjunto de Movimentos, que envolve a interdiscursividade sobre os sujeitos com autismo nos aspectos biológicos, políticos, sociais, econômicos e ambientais. A partir da análise desses materiais foi possível inferir que há um esmaecimento da linguagem na sociedade ocidental em virtude do poder da comunicação que a racionalidade atual valoriza e também uma tradição de lógicas permanentes da linguagem operando sobre diferentes saberes que constroem, em rede, novas subjetividades. Portanto, o fenômeno sujeitos com autismo emerge devido às intervenções humanas realizadas no planeta. Essas intervenções se deram através da invenção dos saberes e das transformações que estes geraram nos recursos que possibilitam a vida. O avanço do entendimento do fenômeno sujeitos com autismo não depende de nenhuma cura, mas de mostrarmos que tais sujeitos são herdeiros da humanidade. As implicações dessa compreensão para a Educação configuram a responsabilidade de criar oportunidades que não estejam fundamentadas apenas na comparação entre os sujeitos e igualmente de ressignificar os sentidos tradicionalmente instituídos, além de não naturalizar a patologização dos sujeitos com autismo. / The present study problematizes the recurring affirmation that subjects with autism are prejudiced or do not even have language. Indeed, I defend the thesis that subjects with autism can be understood, from language, as a phenomenon, and thus the phenomenon subjects with autism can show up to be a construction of the human species, with implications of this comprehension for the Education. Based on Martin Heidegger's phenomenological perspective, I take language as a "way that one does." This expression has to do with the possibility of having an experience with the language and let it show itself, not reducing or simplifying that notion. Methodologically, in addition to the phenomenological form, I work with five Heideggerian notions - language like language, comprehension, dasein, disposition and phenomenon - and two Foucaultian notions - subject and political investment of bodies. Both authors potentiate the idea of non-naturalization of patterns, as well as show how our subjectivities were managed To elucidate this thought, I analyze the following materials: seventy-four Field Diaries, which show the dispositions of subjects with autism in/as language, contextualized from Education and a Set of Movements, which involves interdiscursivity about subjects with autism in biological, political, social, economic and environmental aspects. From the analysis of these materials, it is possible to infer that there is a fading of language in western society by virtue of the power of communication that the currently rationality values and also a tradition of permanent logics of language operating on different knowledge that constructs, in network, new subjectivities. Therefore, the phenomenon subjects with autism emerges due to human interventions performed on the planet. These interventions came about through the invention of the knowledge and transformations of the resources that make life possible. The advance of the understanding of the phenomenon subjects with autism does not depend on any cure, but of showing that such subjects are heirs of the humanity. The implications of this comprehension configure the responsibility of creating opportunities that are not based only on the comparison between the subjects, as well, as to re-significate the traditionally established senses, besides not naturalizing the pathologization of the subjects with autism.

O presente trabalho de tese consiste em uma abordagem ao problema do fundamento da subjetividade na fenomenologia a partir da hipótese interpretativa de que podemos identificar neste um movimento que se desdobra na transformação da concepção inicial de subjetividade constituinte na questão da constituição da subjetividade. A leitura aqui proposta assume a premissa de que essa transformação tem por base as modificações do programa inicial da fenomenologia em novos paradigmas metodológicos nos quais o método se volta para uma abordagem ontológica, e que é a partir desta que temos o problema posto então não mais nos termos da subjetividade como fundamento do conhecimento mas do problema ontológico do ser da subjetividade. O caminho que as análises aqui propostas pretendem apresentar é assim a tentativa de responder a questão de como se torna possível uma ontologia do sujeito na fenomenologia. / The present work of thesis consists of an approach to the problem of the foundation of subjectivity in phenomenology from the interpretative hypothesis that we can identify in this a movement that unfolds in the transformation of the initial conception of constituent subjectivity in the question of the constitution of subjectivity. The reading here proposed assumes the premise that this transformation is based on the modifications of the initial program of phenomenology in new methodological paradigms in which the method turns to an ontological approach, and that is from this that we have the problem put then no more In terms of subjectivity as the basis of knowledge but of the ontological problem of being of subjectivity. The way that the analyzes proposed here intend to present is thus the attempt to answer the question of how an ontology of the subject becomes possible in phenomenology.

abstract: It is not a new idea that there may be a "silver lining" in depression for some people; that grappling with this condition has the potential to make them stronger or more capable in some way. Over the past three decades, research has proliferated on growth associated with adversity; from life-threatening illness to natural disasters, the death of a loved one, physical abuse, and numerous other forms of trauma. However, very little empirical attention has been paid to the topic of growth resulting from the process of working through psychological distress. Rather, the extant literature tends to consider conditions like depression and anxiety as unsuccessful outcomes, or failed attempts at coping. Furthermore, evidence suggests there is considerable variability in the types of growth perceived by individuals experiencing different forms of adversity. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a qualitative research method, the current study elucidates the experience of growth associated with depression among six individuals from diverse backgrounds. The superordinate themes that emerged from the analysis include: depression as a catalyst for personal development (creative, spiritual, and intellectual); social support and connection; greater presence or engagement in life; a more adaptive and realized sense of self; feelings of gratitude and appreciation; and a recognition of the timing of depression. Each of these themes is examined in relation to participants' processes of meaning making in their experience of growth. The findings of the current study are broadly compatible with, yet qualitatively distinct from, previously identified models of adversarial growth. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Counseling Psychology 2014

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur un composite à matrice polyamide 6,6 (PA66) renforcé d’un tissu de fibres de verre (Sergé 2/2). Dans le but d’une intégration dans des pièces automobiles, on s’intéresse au comportement de ce matériau sous sollicitation cyclique. L’objectif est de mettre au point un critère de fatigue permettant de prédire la durée de vie du composite étudié. Le PA66 étant sensible à l’humidité, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte ce paramètre dans notre étude. Pour cela, le matériau est conditionné selon trois états : un état sec (RH0), un état ambiant (RH50) et un état saturé en eau(RH100). Trois séquences d’empilement sont également considérées afin de tenir compte de l’orientation des fibres dans le matériau : [(0/903], [(90/0)3] et [(±45)3]. Dans un premier temps, l’influence du conditionnement sur les propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques en traction monotone est étudiée.Le rôle plastifiant de l’eau sur le PA66 a été mis en évidence. L’instrumentation des essais de traction monotone avec un système d’émission acoustique associée à l’observation post-mortem par MEB des éprouvettes permet de proposer un scénario d’endommagement en traction quasi-statique pour chaque configuration étudiée. Dans un deuxième temps, une campagne d’essais en fatigue traction-traction est menée sur les neuf configurations de l’étude. Ces essais ont permis la mise en place et l’évaluation de deux critères de fatigue phénoménologiques : les diagrammes de durées de vie constantes et le critère de fatigue à deux paramètres basé sur les courbes S-N. Ce dernier a été enrichi afin de pouvoir prédire la durée de vie du matériau pour différents conditionnements. De manière générale, le modèle montre une bonne capacité à prédire la durée de vie du matériau pour des conditions d’essais variées. Afin de cerner la capacité du modèle à être utilisé en bureau d’études, celui-ci a été appliqué dans le cas d’essais de fatigue menés sur une mini-structure sollicitée en flexion 3 points. / This study is focused on a woven glass-fibre-reinforced composite (2/2 twill) with a polyamide 6,6 matrix. From the perspective of its future integration in automotive parts, the fatigue behavior of this material is investigated. The aim is to develop a fatigue model able to predict the fatigue life of the composite studied. The PA66 behaviour is highly influenced by the moisture content, thus, it is necessary to take this parameter into account. Hence, three conditionings are studied: RH0, RH50 andRH100 which correspond respectively to the dry-as-moulded, the ambient and the water-saturated state.Three different stacking sequences are used in order to study the influence of fibre orientation: [(0/90)3],[(90/0)3] and [(±45)3]. First, the influence of moisture on microstructural and mechanical properties formonotonic tensile tests is studied. The plasticizing effect of water on PA66 has been highlighted. A damage scenario has been determined for every configuration studied by using acoustic emission technique during monotonic tensile tests and post-mortem SEM observations. Then, tension-tension fatigue tests are performed for all sample configurations. The results have been used to set up two phenomenological fatigue life models: the constant life diagrams and the two-parameter model based onS-N curves. The latter has been enhanced by including the relative humidity in order to be able to predict the fatigue life of the material for any conditioning. In general, this model estimates quite well the fatigue life of the material for different testing conditions. Finally, the two-parameter model has been used for fatigue life prediction of both open-hole samples and a mini-structure in order to evaluate its capability to be used in an industrial context.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the family grief and recovery process through a qualitative phenomenological family therapy approach.The study included stories of 22 families and one focus group. Of the losses 14, were perinatal, 6 Sudden Infant Death Syndromes (SIDS) and 2 neonatal deaths. The analysed text was divided into 21 categories, which represent different aspects of the meaning systems of the families. All the families had traumatic symptoms in the beginning, and some mothers suffered from persistent posttraumatic symptoms for several months. Children processed their experiences in grief play and tried to restore their parents back into their roles. Grief was shared in extended families, especially religious families, where acute grief soon generated new meanings.The recovery process starts immediately after the loss, manifesting as thoughts of coping. Grief, trauma and recovery appear intertwined in the stories. Family grief is a many-faceted physical, psychological, spiritual and social process. It is paradoxical, and restorying and retelling are therefore important as a healing process. The main finding of this study is the intensive way the parents initially need to reprocess their attachment to the psychological remains of their baby in order to recover. Grieving thus involves deep attachment rather than detachment, Some families have phantom babies who continue to live psychologically and almost physically or little angels who comfort and escort the family. The parents have invested so much primeval energy in the baby who is no longer alive that they tend to re-create her/him in their minds psychologically or spiritually. Professional helpers still have too little knowledge of crisis intervention. The loss of a baby is an exceptional type of normal grief and the parents therefore have difficulties in getting the support they need. Family debriefing and follow-up are necessary.