Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T13:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alanrobertocepile.pdf: 1842538 bytes, checksum: edec2001e2b492b3123f078c0365d91d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-04T15:38:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alanrobertocepile.pdf: 1842538 bytes, checksum: edec2001e2b492b3123f078c0365d91d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T15:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alanrobertocepile.pdf: 1842538 bytes, checksum: edec2001e2b492b3123f078c0365d91d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-09 / A marcação-recaptura por meio de foto-identificação vem sendo utilizada a bastante tempo, tendo iniciado na década de 40 do século passado com animais terrestres. Sua aplicação aos mamíferos marinhos da ordem cetacea iniciou-se no final da década de 70 e desde então vem sendo usada e amplamente aprimorada. Este técnica permite tomar conhecimento de inúmeros aspectos da biologia e ecologia dos animais fotografados, entre eles a estimativa populacional e aspectos comportamentais. O capítulo I deste estudo teve como objetivo estimar a população de botos cinza (Sotalia guianensis) de Regência, ES, através do método de marcação-recaptura utilizando a técnica de foto-identificação, utilizando estimadores probabilísticos para populações fechadas amplamente usados para cetáceos em todo mundo, como Lincoln-Petersen, Schnabel e Schumacher-Echmeyer, e a criação do primeiro catálogo de identificação da espécie no estado do Espírito Santo. Foram identificados 16 indivíduos sendo 7 reavistados. A população variou de acordo com o estimador utilizado, ficando entre 81 (Schnabel) e 141 indivíduos (Lincoln-Petersen). O capítulo II objetivou conhecer o padrão de atividade de S. guianensis de Regência, principalmente em relação a parâmetros ambientais e ao comportamento oportunista de perseguição às traineiras em busca de alimento descartado pelas embarcações. / Mark-recapture by photo-identification it comes being used a long time and started in 40’s of last century with terrestrial animals. The application of this method with marine mammals of cetacea order started in 70’s and has been used and widely improved. This technique allow to know some informations about biology and ecology of the animals captured, some of them, population size estimates and behavior. The objective of chapter I of this study was the estimate of population size of estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, in Regência, ES, through the mark-recapture method by photo-identification technique, using probabilistic estimators to closed populations widely used to estimate cetaceans populations in all the world, like Lincoln-Petersen, Schnabel and Scumacher-Eschmeyer, and make the first identification catalogue for the species in the Espírito Santo state. It was identified 16 dolphins and 7 resighted. The population varied as estimator used, between 81 (Schnabel) and 141 (LincolnPetersen). The objective of chapter II was to know the activity patterns of S. guianensis in Regência, mostly in relation of ambiental parameters and oportunistic trawler following behavior, in order to gain some food discarded by fishing boats.

The diurnal movements of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in warmwater refugia are poorly understood and these may prove critical in accurately estimating populations of these animals. Previous studies indicate that manatee populations in such refuges in Tampa Bay, FL, peak mid-day and decline towards evening when the animals leave to forage. This trend suggests that variation in the timing of aerial manatee population surveys may hamper accurate estimation of the true population size. Aerial survey counts are known to underestimate population size, yet the extent of the underestimation may be greater than expected. In this study data were collected over three seasons from land-based surveys monitoring the presence of manatees in the effluent canal from the Florida Power and Light electricity generating facility in Port Everglades, FL between 15 November and 31 March. My findings indicated there was no significant difference in the number of manatees observed during the seasons studied despite a significant difference in ambient water temperatures. There was a significant correlation in the number of manatees an observer can expect to see based on time of day with the trend indicating there are higher numbers of observable manatees in the morning compared to later in the day. This suggests that early morning aerial counts will more accurately reflect true manatee presence in the Port Everglades power plant. Photographs of individual manatees yielded a total of 58 animals with unique scaring patterns.

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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-08T15:28:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Cesar Luz Macena Rocha.pdf: 2783358 bytes, checksum: 0c7cc3375d48be56cad1fcf79ba55824 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T15:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Cesar Luz Macena Rocha.pdf: 2783358 bytes, checksum: 0c7cc3375d48be56cad1fcf79ba55824 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-17 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago (SPSPA), located at mid-Atlantic ridge, near to Equator line, population aspects of whale sharks was analized through in situ observation on distribution, seasonality, different behavior, and photo-identification. The movements of whale sharks was tracked using two models of satellite tag: SAT (Satellite Argos-linked transmitter) and PSAT (Pop up satellite archival transmitting tag) in one male (TB-01; 4.8 m) and one female (TB-02; 8.5 m),respectively. Whale shark occur in SPSP adjacencies yearround,although, are more abundant in the first semester, mainly, in February, March, and June. The annual record mean was 10.8 year-1 between 2000 and 2009. The size ranges from 1.8 to 14.0 m with mean± s.d. equal to 7.4± 2.4 m and the majority (62.9%) of whale sharks smaller than 9.0 m, under the estimated size at first maturation. Data received from Argos Satellite system indicate that the whale shark swam away from archipelago heading west. Both sharks spent the major of the time at surface, and the TB-02 dove into bathypelagic zone, attaining the maximum depth of 1,976 m. This was the first initiative to understand behavioral and population dynamics aspects of the whale sharks as well as the movement in Brazil and Equatorial Atlantic from SPSPA and will continue in the hope of building better conservation strategies. / No Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP), localizado na dorsal meso-Atlântica, próximo à linha do Equador, foram analisados aspectos da população do tubarão baleia por meio de observação in situ. Informações sobre a distribuição e sazonalidade de ocorrência, diferentes comportamentos foram coletados e, quando possível, os espécimes foram fotografados para posterior individualização. Para elucidação do deslocamento do tubarão-baleia, a partir do ASPSP, foram utilizados dois modelos de transmissores via satélite, o SAT (Satellite Argos-linked tag) e o PSAT (Pop up satellite archival transmitting tag) em um macho (TB-01) e uma fêmea (TB-02) de 4,8 e 8,5 m, respectivamente. Os tubarões-baleia visitam o arquipélago durante o ano inteiro, entretanto, o primeiro semestre possui uma frequência mais elevada, principalmente nos meses de fevereiro, março e junho. A média anual de registros foi 10,8 ano-1 entre 2000 e 2009. Os comprimentos variaram entre 1,8 e 14,0 m com média± d.p. igual a 7,4± 2,4 m, com a maior parte (62,9%) dos tubarõesbaleia com comprimento abaixo do tamanho estimado para primeira maturação. Os dados dos transmissores recebidos pelo Sistema Argos de satélites indicaram que os tubarões se afastaram do ASPSP, logo após a marcação, em direção oeste. Ambos os tubarões permaneceram a maior parte do tempo na superfície e o TB-02 realizou mergulhos batipelágicos alcançando a profundidade máxima de 1.976 m. Esta foi a primeira iniciativa para se compreender aspectos populacionais e comportamentais, bem como da movimentação de tubarões-baleia no Brasil e no Atlântico Equatorial a partir do ASPSP e terá continuidade na expectativa de construir de estratégias espaciais de conservação.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-25T13:39:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Carine Cristina Gon?alves Galv?o.pdf: 2315391 bytes, checksum: 154e1cdd3a9bb2de5fd18d636c4a6543 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T13:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Carine Cristina Gon?alves Galv?o.pdf: 2315391 bytes, checksum: 154e1cdd3a9bb2de5fd18d636c4a6543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / Some animals have extremely complex relationships including the formation of matriarchal societies, alliances and communities, specific long-term relationships, and formation of flexible groups, such as dolphins. Ilha Grande Bay, along with Sepetiba Bay, have the largest population of Sotalia guianensis throughout its distribution, with about 1311 individuals in the first one, and 1043 individuals in the second, where it has been registered groups with up to 450 individuals. This study aimed to analyze the social organization of the mothers of S. guianensis from Ilha Grande Bay. The mothers were considered those dolphins observed at least five times in high proximity of a calf; all its associates were also classified as females and included in the analysis. The analysis of these mothers? social structure was carried out in SOCPROG? software (2.5 version) using a Half Weight Index (HWI). It was performed an analysis of the community division by modularity which indicated that individuals do not form independent clusters. A Monte Carlo permutation test was done and showed the presence of preferred associations among some dyads. Finally, a temporal analysis was performed with the use of mathematical models fitted to the Lagged Association Rate to try to explain how associations behave over time. The social structure of the 25 mothers identified in Ilha Grande Bay seems to be poorly differentiated, forming a large social network with weak associations between dyads, and following a fission-fusion dynamics. There was no statistical difference in the associations between and within classes (mothers X females). This work is a contribution to the understanding of the species? social dynamics, which are still poorly known, and highlights the need for more research in the area. / Alguns animais possuem rela??es extremamente complexas, incluindo forma??o de sociedades matriarcais, alian?as e comunidades, relacionamentos espec?ficos de longa dura??o, e forma??o de grupos flex?veis, como ? o caso dos golfinhos. A Ba?a da Ilha Grande, juntamente com a Ba?a de Sepetiba, possui a maior popula??o de Sotalia guianensis em toda a sua distribui??o, com estimativa de 1311 indiv?duos na primeira, e 1043 indiv?duos na segunda, onde j? foram registrados grupos com at? 450 indiv?duos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a organiza??o social das m?es de S. guianensis da Ba?a da Ilha Grande. Foram consideradas m?es aqueles golfinhos vistos no m?nimo cinco vezes em forte proximidade de um filhote, e todos os seus associados foram classificados como f?meas e inclu?dos nas an?lises. A an?lise da estrutura social destas m?es foi feito no programa SOCPROG? (vers?o 2.5) atrav?s do ?ndice Half Weight (HWI). Foi feita uma an?lise de divis?o de comunidades por modularidade que indicou que os indiv?duos n?o formam agrega??es independentes. Um teste de permuta??o de Monte Carlo foi realizado e mostrou a presen?a de associa??es preferidas entre algumas duplas. Por fim, uma an?lise temporal foi realizada com a utiliza??o de modelos matem?ticos ajustados ? Lagged Association Rate para tentar explicar como as associa??es se comportam no decorrer do tempo. A estrutura social das 25 m?es identificadas de S. guianensis na Ba?a da Ilha Grande se mostrou pouco diferenciada, formando uma grande rede com fracas associa??es entre duplas, seguindo uma din?mica de fiss?o-fus?o. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica nas associa??es entre e dentro das classes (m?es X f?meas). Este trabalho ? uma contribui??o para o entendimento das din?micas sociais da esp?cie, que ainda s?o pouco conhecidas, e ressalta a necessidade de mais pesquisas na ?rea.

South Pacific humpback whales were devastated by commercial whaling in their Antarctic feeding areas during the 20th century. Understanding migratory connections and current abundance of these isolated breeding stocks is crucial for the allocation of historical Antarctic catches in population dynamic models used to assess current recovery. However, only a small number of migratory connections have been documented between Oceania breeding stocks within the South Pacific and feeding areas in the Antarctic. In addition, little is known about abundance of these stocks which encompass a vast oceanic region. For this thesis I first used mixed-stock analysis (MSA) to allocate migratory connections from four Antarctic feeding areas (n=142) to seven South Pacific breeding stocks (n=1,373), including four in Oceania, based on genetic marker frequencies. The use of this method was justified by the breeding stocks showing genetic differentiation at the haplotype level with an F[subscript ST] value of 0.027 (p-value <0.001). The results showed a relatively strong connection of Western Australia to Antarctic Area IV, Tonga to the border of Antarctic Area VI/I, Colombia to the Antarctic Peninsula, and a split allocation of Eastern Australia and New Caledonia to Antarctic Area V. This study provides the first population-level information supporting previous individual-based studies that humpback whale migration may not necessarily be direct north south. Next, utilizing capture-recapture methodology of unique humpback whale fluke photographs, I estimated abundance of one of the least studied Oceania breeding stocks, French Polynesia, a stock which also showed no significant migratory allocation using MSA. Taking into consideration the possible advantages of using Quality Control (QC) photographs to minimize bias in matching, estimates were generated using the complete photo catalogue and also using only photographs adhering to QC criteria. I found that the choice of using QC has an effect on the abundance generated and discuss the implications of this finding. Despite the photo catalogue used, the French Polynesia stock is estimated to number less than 1,900 individuals. Lastly, to provide additional information on the French Polynesia stock I used photo-identification to compare French Polynesia whales to whales in the Antarctic Peninsula and Strait of Magellan (Antarctic Area I), a possible migratory connection suggested by previous microsatellite genotyping. No conclusive matches were found. Although this does not discount the possibility of a few migrants traveling between these regions it does indicate the Antarctic Peninsula and the Strait of Magellan are not primary feeding areas of French Polynesia. This new information regarding abundance and migration of French Polynesia whales is important for the Comprehensive Assessment of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales. This document is currently being completed as the International Whaling Commission considers the next critical steps in recovery for Oceania humpback whales stocks. / Graduation date: 2010

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SandraMAA.pdf: 1203751 bytes, checksum: dde7c569f3d043e9bcc9909cdb14baec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-30 / The behavioral patterns follow to environmental changes, including area fidelity and individuals association patterns. Several techniques are used to record these behavioral patterns and the photo-identification has been suggested as a proper tool because of its various advantages. Based on this technique, this research verified, between August of 2005 and January of 2006, area fidelity and association patterns of Sotalia guianensis, at Distrito de Pipa s bays, Rio Grande do Norte State south coast. Besides, we measured the association patterns by using the Jaccard index or Half-Weight Index (HWI). According the observation, 22 individuals were not resighted, 11 were resighted, and 36 new individuals were recorded. Nowadays, 69 individuals are cataloged. The residency rate indicated heterogeneity on studied area permanence and the association patterns between photo-identified seem to be context-specific. In addiction, the comparison of associations between two different age classes showed some individuals more frequently interacting with immature individuals. We also observed fluidity on association patterns among our individuals. We suggest that S. guianensis population from Pipa shows plasticity / Os padr?es comportamentais acompanham as mudan?as ambientais, incluindo fidelidade ? ?rea e associa??o entre indiv?duos. Dentre as diversas t?cnicas utilizadas para o registro desses padr?es comportamentais, a foto-identifica??o tem sido sugerida como ferramenta adequada por apresentar in?meras vantagens. Baseada nessa t?cnica, esta pesquisa verificou, entre agosto de 2005 e janeiro de 2006, fidelidade ? ?rea e padr?es de associa??o utilizados por indiv?duos da esp?cie Sotalia guianensis, nas enseadas do Distrito de Pipa, litoral sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Al?m disso, para mensurar os padr?es de associa??o utilizou-se do ?ndice de similaridade de Jaccard ou Half-Weight Index (HWI). Durante o per?odo de observa??o, 22 indiv?duos n?o foram reavistados, 11 recapturados e 36 novos registros foram obtidos. Atualmente, est?o catalogados 69 indiv?duos. A taxa de resid?ncia apontou heterogeneidade de perman?ncia na ?rea estudada e os padr?es de associa??o entre os indiv?duos foto-identificados parecem ser espec?ficos de determinados contextos comportamentais. Enquanto que a compara??o das associa??es entre as diferentes faixas et?rias mostrou que determinados indiv?duos interagiram em maior freq??ncia com indiv?duos imaturos. Observou-se, ainda, fluidez no padr?o de associa??es entre os indiv?duos amostrados. Sugere-se que a popula??o de S. guianensis que utilizam a regi?o de Pipa apresenta elevada plasticidade

Human interaction greatly influences the behavior and distribution of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). This project focuses on the distribution and behavior of bottlenose dolphins in the Drowned Cayes, Belize. Prior to the 2000s, the area was relatively undeveloped and undisturbed and had minimal human activity. Since the turn of the millennium, development and ecotourism activity has flourished in the area, increasing by more than 800,000 visitors from 1998-2006. Boat-based surveys were conducted in 2015 and were combined with previous survey data collected from 2005-2012 and compared to behavioral survey results from 1999-2000. Total dolphin observation time as a percent of total survey time and average number of dolphins per sighting were 17.2% and 2.7 in 1999-2000 and 10.8% and 1.6 for 2005-2015. The low number of dolphins and the low observation times suggest that the dolphin population in the Drowned Cayes have decreased since the 1990s. Eighty-nine percent of the total observation time for 2015 occurred on days in which there were zero cruise ships in the area suggesting that this decline may be in relation to increased human activity. Furthermore, foraging was the main behavior observed for both 1999-2000 and 2005-2015 data sets, suggesting that the Drowned Cayes area is used as a foraging ground. However, in 1999-2000 the foraging percentage was significantly higher than the 2005-2015 data set, dropping 28.9% and there was a 23.6% increase in traveling behavior between the two data sets. This could be a result of increased human activity. Additionally, survey photographs and results were used in the creation of the first dolphin photo identification database for the country. The guidelines used for photo analysis for photo quality and fin distinctiveness were tested to determine if they are easy to use and give consistent and reliable results regardless of judge. An intraclass correlation model calculated substantial agreement (ICC = 0.7) between judges’ scores, demonstrating consistent results, regardless of experience level. Therefore, the guideline can be used as a standard among multiple researchers.

Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) seek out warmer waters during winter months when ambient water temperatures drop below 20 degrees Celsius. Over time, manatees have discovered artificial warm water sites from power plant discharges in addition to natural sites such as springs and passive thermal refugia (PTRs). The Florida Power and Light (FPL) Port Everglades power plant in Broward County is one such artificial warm water refuge used by manatees. This plant was shutdown on July 16, 2013, and is expected to remain off line for at least three years during demolition and construction of a new facility. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in habitat usage and other responses to the disruption of a warm water refugia (the closure of a power plant) on Florida manatees within the greater Port Everglades region. From November 15, 2013 to March 31, 2014, manatees were counted at the site via shore line and aerial surveys. Environmental data were collected to determine variables correlated to manatee presence and absense. Two manatees were radio-tagged using remote sensing devices in an effort to identify alternative warm water refugia and feeding areas. Data were collected from state and local organizations and photo-identified manatees were used to analyze for trends in cold stress syndrome (CSS) lesions and watercraft scarring. Results confirmed that manatee presence was positively correlated with heater outlet temperature. Differences did not exist between the results of survey methods between the FPL Port Everglades (PE) and Fort Lauderdale (FL) power plant sites, however, differrences in the aerial survey counts showed an increased presence at the FL site during the colder month of January 2014. Data from tagging identified one manatee that preferred the FL site while another preferred PE, presumably due to more convenient access to feeding grounds in Biscayne Bay. Data from mortality events indicated a low number of CSS and watercraft deaths in Broward County as compared to other parts of the state of Florida. Further monitoring of the study area for the remainder of the shutdown period is recommended, as are improvements in survey design, expansion to include additional environmental data from FL, continued mortality statistic analysis and locating possible PTRs.

The ranging behaviour, habitat preferences, genetic structure, and demographic parameters of bottlenose dolphins living in the Azores were studied using data collected from 1999 to 2004. Only 44 dolphins out of 966 identified were frequently sighted within and between years and showed strong site fidelity. The remaining individuals were either temporary migrants from within or outside the archipelago, or transients. Estimates of home range size were three times larger than previously reported for this species, possibly as a result of the lower availability of food resources. Mitochondrial DNA sequences showed very high gene and nucleotide diversity. There was no evidence of population structuring within the Azores. The Azorean population was not differentiated from the pelagic population of the Northwest Atlantic, suggesting the "unproductive" waters of the Atlantic do not constitute a barrier to dispersal. Population size, survival and temporary emigration rates were estimated using open-population models and Pollock's robust design. A few hundreds of dolphins occur in the area on a given year, though the majority should use it temporarily, as suggested by the high emigration rates. Bottlenose dolphins preferentially used shallow areas with high bottom relief. Temporal and spatial persistence of dolphin-habitat associations documented in this study further supports the idea of a close relationship between certain bathymetric features and important hydrographic processes and suggests the occurrence of prey aggregations over these areas may be, to some extent, predictable. Several results of this study suggest there are no reasons for concern about the status of this population. Yet, the resident group may be negatively affected by increasing pressure from the whale watching activity. Although the proposed Marine Park constitutes important habitat for resident dolphins, at present, the area is clearly insufficient to satisfy their spatial requirements and its conservation value may be limited.