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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Avaliação da penetração cutânea iontoforética da zinco ftalocianina tetrassulfonada (ZnPcS4) e estudos de citotoxicidade em cultura de células tumorais / Evaluation of zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonated (ZnPcS4) iontophoretic skin penetration and citotoxicity studies in culture of tumor cells.

Joel Gonçalves de Souza 24 February 2011 (has links)
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma modalidade terapêutica inovadora para o tratamento de tumores cutâneos. As ftalocianinas têm sido utilizadas como fotossensibilizantes sistêmicos devido à sua alta afinidade ao tecido tumoral e seu efeito acentuado quando irradiadas com luz. No entanto, a lipossolubilidade e o baixo coeficiente de partilha óleo/água dessas substâncias dificultam sua aplicação tópica, levando ao desenvolvimento de derivados carregados, como a zinco ftalocianina tetrassulfonada (ZnPcS4) na tentativa de aumentar sua solubilidade em água, bem como melhorar sua captação pelas células tumorais. Entretanto, moléculas carregadas têm dificuldades em atravessar o estrato córneo (EC), a principal barreira da pele. Como a iontoforese é uma técnica não-invasiva capaz de aumentar e controlar a penetração de moléculas carregadas na pele, ela parece ser uma alternativa para aumentar a penetração cutânea da ZnPcS4 nas camadas da pele onde os tumores estão presentes. Dessa forma, foram realizados experimentos in vitro de iontoforese de um gel hidrofílico da ZnPcS4 aplicado topicamente na presença e ausência de NaCl. Estudos de iontoforese in vivo também foram realizados, empregando ratos Wistar como modelo animal, bem como experimentos em cultura de células tumorais para avaliar a citotoxicidade do fármaco em estudo. O método analítico para quantificação do fármaco na pele foi validado quanto à linearidade, precisão, exatidão, sensibilidade e seletividade. A iontoforese catódica promoveu um aumento significativo da retenção da ZnPcS4 tanto no EC como na epiderme viável nos experimentos realizados na presença e ausência de NaCl em relação à aplicação passiva da formulação e de iontoforese anódica, sendo que ocorreu um aumento da quantidade do fármaco retido nas diferentes camadas da pele quando o sal foi retirado da formulação. Os estudos in vivo com a formulação também mostraram que a corrente elétrica aumentou a penetração do fármaco para as camadas mais profundas da pele em relação aos experimentos passivos de permeação, o que foi evidenciado pela intensidade de fluorescência do fármaco visualizada por microscopia confocal e pela quantidade de fármaco retido nas diferentes camadas da pele. Resultados em cultura de células tumorais A431 sugerem que a concentração de fármaco que chega à epiderme viável após experimentos de iontoforese catódica é capaz de matar mais de 90% dessas células tumorais quando a dose de irradiação de 5 J/cm2 é aplicada. Além disso, quando a corrente elétrica é aplicada em cultura celular, não foi observado nenhum aumento significativo da citotoxicidade da ZnPcS4, demonstrando que a aplicação de corrente elétrica não fez com que a entrada do fármaco para o interior das células tumorais aumentasse. Não restam dúvidas, no entanto, que a corrente elétrica aumentou a penetração do fármaco nas camadas profundas da pele, além de levar a uma distribuição homogênea da ZnPcS4 nessas camadas após 15 minutos de aplicação. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative therapeutic modality for the treatment of cutaneous tumors. The phthalocyanines have been used as systemic photosensitizing agents due to its high affinity to tumor tissues and its accentuated effect when irradiated with light. However, the lipophilicity and the low partition coefficient oil/water of these substances difficult its topical application, leading to the development of charged derivatives, such as the zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonated (ZnPcS4) in an attempt to increase the water solubility, as well as improve the drug uptake by tumor cells. However, charged molecules have difficulties to cross the stratum corneum (SC), the main barrier of the skin. As iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique able to improve and control the penetration of charged molecules through the skin, it seems to be an alternative for enhancing ZnPcS4 penetration into the deep layers of the skin, where cutaneous tumors reside. This way, in vitro iontophoresis experiments of a hydrophilic gel containing ZnPcS4 applied topically in the presence and absence of NaCl were performed. In vivo iontophoresis studies were also carried out employing Wistar rats as animal model, as well as experiments in culture of tumour cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the drug. The analytical method for the quantification of the drug in the skin was validated considering the parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity. The cathodal iontophoresis promoted a significant increase in retention of ZnPcS4 in both SC and viable epidermis in the experiments conducted in the presence and absence of NaCl in relation to the formulation applied passively or by anodal iontophoresis. Therefore, there was an increase in the amount of the drug retained in different layers of the skin when salt was removed from the formulation in the cathodal iontophoresis. In vivo studies also demonstrated that the electrical current increased penetration of the drug to the deeper layers of the skin in relation to passive experiments, evidenced by the fluorescence intensity of the drug showed by confocal microscopy and by the amount of drug retained in the different layers of the skin. Results with A431 tumor cells suggest that the concentration of the drug that reaches the viable epidermis after cathodal iontophoresis is able to kill more than 90% of these tumor cells when the radiation dose of 5 J/cm² was applied. In addition, when the electric current was applied to the cells, it was not observed any significant increase of cytotoxicity, demonstrating that the electric current application did not increased the uptake of the ZnPcS4 by the tumor cells. There are no doubts, however, that the electric current increased the ZnPcS4 penetration to the deep layers of the skin and lead to a homogeneous distribution of ZnPcS4 in these layers after 15 minutes of application.
92

Estudos fotofísicos e fotobiológicos da ftalocianina NzPc e de nanotubos de carbono aplicáveis a processos fotodinâmicos / Studies of photophysical and photobiological of the NzPc phthalocyanine and carbon nanotubes used for photodynamic processes.

Carolina Bortolatti Vaccari 06 October 2011 (has links)
O câncer de pele, no Brasil, é responsavel por 25% de todos os tipos de câncer. Uma alternativa aos tratamentos usuais é a Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD). Os processos fotodinâmicos em geral dependem da retenção de um composto fotossensível nos tecidos alvos e posterior irradiação com luz visível em comprimento de onda adequado. Após ativação, o fármaco tranfere energia para outras moléculas do meio, podendo gerar espécies como o oxigênio singlete (1O2) , radicais livres (O2,OH) e outras espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), essas, são responsáveis pelo processo fotooxidativo e indução da morte celular. Neste trabalho, o fármaco fotossensível NzPc (uma ftalocianina) foi estudado para verificar se suas características fotofísicas e fotoquímicas são adequadas a TFD, e, em seguida, foi associado a nanotubos de carbono de parede múltipla (NTCPM) funcionalizados com o tensoativo Pluronic F-127. Esse sistema de liberação de fármaco desenvolvido, foi caracterizado através de ensaios in vitro nas linhagens de melanoma de rato B16-F10 e carcinoma humano OSCC . O sistema NzPc/NTCPM/PF-127 apresentou atividade fotodinâmica superior ao fármaco na forma livre, possibilitando, maior interiorização do fármaco nas linhagens celulares e maior morte celular após irradiação. / Skin cancer in Brazil are responsible for 25% of all cancers. An alternative to the usual treatments is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photodynamic processes in general depend on the retention of a photosensitive compound in target tissues and subsequent irradiation with visible light at an appropriate wavelength. After activation, the drug, transfer energy to other molecules of the medium, which can generate species reactivate such as singlet oxygen (1O2), free radicals (O2 , OH) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), these are responsible for photo-oxidative process and induction of cell death. In this work, NzPc photosensitive drug (a phthalocyanine) was studied to see if their photophysical and photochemical characteristics are suitable for PDT, and then was associated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with surfactant Pluronic F-127. This drug delivery system developed was characterized by in vitro assay on strains of mouse melanoma B16-F10 and carcinoma human OSCC. The system presented NzPc/NTCPM/PF-127 photodynamic activity than the drug in the free form, enabling greater internalization of the drug in cell and increased cell death after irradiation.
93

Avaliação in vitro da terapia fotodinâmica sobre microrganismos cariogênicos presentes na saliva de crianças / In vitro evaluation of the photodynamic therapy effects on the cariogenic microrganisms in saliva of infants

Marco Aurélio Benini Paschoal 08 April 2009 (has links)
O surgimento de resistência bacteriana aos tratamentos convencionais tem proporcionado o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades terapêuticas para o tratamento e/ou controle da cárie dentária. Nesse contexto, a utilização da terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é sugerida como alternativa para a inativação de microrganismos patogênicos envolvidos na gênese da cárie. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar in vitro o efeito antimicrobiano da terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) sobre três culturas de S. mutans: uma cepa padrão de S. mutans (ATCC 25175) e dois isolados clínicos (43513 e 47513) oriundos da saliva de crianças. O corante (C) azul de orto-toluidina (TBO) foi utilizado associado à iluminação com LEDs (L) no comprimento de onda vermelho. Estas suspensões foram transferidas para placas de 96 orifícios, tratadas com quatro concentrações de TBO (0,25; 2,5; 25 e 250 µg/mL) e expostas a quatro dosimetrias (12; 24; 36 e 48 J/cm2) constituindo o grupo C+L+ (TFD). Suspensões adicionais foram tratadas somente com as quatro concentrações de TBO (C+L-) ou apenas com as quatro dosimetrias (C-L+). Amostras não submetidas ao tratamento com a fonte de luz nem ao corante, constituíram a condição C-L- (controle positivo). Alíquotas de 100 µL de cada orifício foram transferidas para tubos de ensaio para se verificar a presença ou ausência de crescimento microbiológico. Adicionalmente, alíquotas de 25 µL do grupo correspondente a TFD (C+L+) foram semeadas em placas de Petri, as quais foram incubadas a 370C por 48 horas para posterior visualização de halos de inibição e/ou crescimento microbiológico correspondente a efetividade ou ineficiência da TFD, respectivamente. Com o intuito de confirmar os achados, essas mesmas amostras foram submetidas à análise pela microscopia confocal a laser. Os resultados demonstraram que a TFD, em determinadas condições experimentais, foi efetiva no controle do crescimento microbiológico das espécies de S. mutans usadas neste estudo. A concentração mínima de TBO necessária para a inativação in vitro das três culturas de S. mutans foi de 2,5 µg/mL associada à dosimetria mínima de 24 J/cm2 da fonte de luz LED utilizada no estudo. / The increase of bacterias resistance to conventional treatment resulted in the development of new therapeutic modalities for dental caries treatment and/or prevention. In this field, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is suggested as an alternative for inactivation of patogenic microrganisms involved in the etiology of tooth decay. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobian effect of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) on bacteria suspensions of S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and two suspensions (43513 and 47513) from infants saliva. Toluidine blue O (TBO) (D) and a red light-emmiting diodes (LEDs) (L) were used in association. Samples were inserted into 96 well-plate and treated with four TBO concentrations (0.25; 2.5; 25 e 250 µg/mL) and exposed to four dosimetries (12; 24; 36 e 48 J/cm2) defining the D+L+ group (PDT). Additional samples were treated only with TBO (D+L-) or only with red LEDs (D-L+). The treatment without dye and none red LED constituted the D-L- condition (positive control). Aliquots from D+L+ (TFD group) were inserted in Petri dishes, which were incubated at 370C for 48 hours. Posterior analysis of microbiologic growth, corresponding to PDT effectivity, was conducted. These samples were also submitted to laser confocal microscopy analysis for microbiologic data confirmation. The results showed PDT effectiveness for S. mutans inactivation in particular conditions. It was demonstrated that PDT was efficient to kill S. mutans species in the presence of the TBO at 2.5 µg/mL (minimum concentration) associated to 24 J/cm2 dosimetry.
94

Efeito da terapia fotodinâmica como adjuvante ao tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico e na terapia periodontal de suporte em diabéticos tipo 2: estudo clínico e laboratorial em humanos / Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance in diabeticss type II. A randomized, controlled clinical and laboratory trial

Guilherme de Oliveira Macedo 17 December 2009 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) como adjuvante à terapia periodontal (TP), no preparo básico e na fase de terapia periodontal de suporte (TPS), de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. O estudo foi divido em duas fases (fase 1 tratamento e fase 2 terapia de suporte). Foram selecionados 45 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, dos quais 30 receberam a TP associada à TDF (Grupo G1) e 15 realizaram TP. Foi prescrita antibioticoterapia (doxiciclina 100mg/dia) por 14 dias a todos os pacientes de ambos os grupos. Foram avaliados no exame inicial e 3 meses após a terapia os seguintes parâmetros: Índice de Placa (IP), Profundidade de Sondagem (PS), Nível de Inserção Clínica (NIC),Sangramento à Sondagem (SS), Supuração (SUP), Hemoglobina Glicosilada (HbA1c), Glicemia em Jejum (GJ). Foi coletado um pool de amostras de fluido gengival e biofilme subgengival para análise da interleucina I beta (IL1-&beta;) e exame microbiológico. Os resultados da fase 1 serviram como dados iniciais para fase 2. Nesta fase 2, o Grupo G1 foi subdividido em dois grupos de 15 indivíduos: G1R onde foi realizada raspagem e alisamento; e G1-F onde foi realizada somente aplicação de PDT. O grupo G2 (n=15) recebeu raspagem e alisamento radicular. As mesmas avaliações da fase 1 foram feitas após 3, 6 e 9 meses da realização da TPS. Para avaliações entre dois grupos o teste de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado, enquanto para intra-grupos foi empregado o Wilcoxon signed rank test. Para a avaliação intra-grupo entre os tempos 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses foi utilizado o teste de Friedman. Foi admitido o nível de significância de 5%. Na fase 1 não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos para os parâmetros avaliados (P>0,05). A análise intra-grupos demonstrou uma redução significativa da HbA1C (8,5 ± 0,9 / 7,5 ± 0,7) (P<0,01) e GJ (163,53 ± 68,04 / 154 ± 62,45) (P<0,01) para o grupo G1. Houve uma redução significativa das bactérias do complexo vermelho (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia e T. denticola) (P<0,05). Na fase 2 não houve diferenças entre grupos para os parâmetros avaliados. Houve redução significativa do número bolsas entre 4, 5 e &ge; 6 mm e aumento de sítios &le; 3 mm entre o tempo de 3 meses e as demais reavaliações (P<0,05). Houve redução da IL1-&beta; entre 3 e 6 meses para o grupos G1- R (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que a aplicação da TFD como adjuvante à terapia periodontal, em uma única aplicação, não foi capaz de promover efeitos adicionais sobre os parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e microbiológicos avaliados, bem como sobre os níveis de IL1-&beta; presentes no fluido gengival. A aplicação da TFD na fase de TPS promoveu resultados semelhantes em relação aos grupos G1-R e G2 para todos os parâmetros avaliados. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive treatment to non-surgical periodontal therapy (PT) and periodontal supportive therapy (PST) in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetics. The study was conducted into two phases. Phase 1: Forty-five diabetics type 2 patients were selected and randomly treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) followed by a single episode of PDT (G1 group/n=30) or SRP alone (G2 group/n=15). Plaque Score (PS), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding Score (BS), Suppuration (S), Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Fasting Glucose (FG) levels were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Samples of subgingival biofilm and crevicular fluid were collected for microbiological and IL1-&beta; analysis respectively. Phase 2: Group G1 was subdivided in two subgroups: G1-R treated with SRP alone (n=15), and G1-F treated with PDT alone (n=15). G2 group was treated with SRP alone (n=15). The results of phase 1 were based on baseline to phase 2 analysis. The same parameters of phase 1 were measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Mann-Whitney test was applied to assess the differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test for intra-groups differences. Friedman test was applied to assess the differences among 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. A significance level of 5% was established. In phase 1, no significant statistical differences were observed to any parameter evaluated between groups (P<0.05). Intra-groups analysis showed a significant reduction of HbA1C (8.5 ± 0.9 / 7.5 ± 0.1) (P<0.01), and FG (163.53 ± 68.04 / 154 ± 62.45) (P<0.01) for G1 group. There was also a significant reduction of bacterial red complex (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola) (P<0,05). In phase 2, there were no differences between groups for the parameters assessed. There was a significant reduction in the number of sites of 4 and 5 mm and &ge; 6 mm and increase of the number of sites with &le; 3 mm between 3 months and other times of revaluations (P<0,05). There was a reduction of IL1-&beta; between 3 and 6 months for the G1-R group (P<0,05). It can be concluded that the adjunctive application of a single episode of PDT to scaling and root planing did not show additional improvement in non-surgical periodontal therapy. The PDT in periodontal maintenance showed similar results in relation to the groups G1 and G2- R for all parameters assessed. Therefore, PDT can be used as a substitute of SRP during PST when mechanical instrumentation for plaque and calculus removal is not mandatory.
95

Nanoparticules à visées théranostiques pour le traitement du cancer par thérapie photodynamique à un ou deux photons / Theranostic Nanoparticles for cancer treatment using one or two-photon photodynamic therapy

Mauriello Jimenez, Chiara 20 July 2016 (has links)
L'augmentation du nombre de cancers de faible taille dans le monde a incité le développement de nouveaux nanomatériaux multifonctionnels appliqués à de nouvelles thérapies non invasives. Ces nouvelles thérapies peuvent éliminer sélectivement la tumeur en réduisant ou en supprimant les effets secondaires induits dans les tissus sains par les traitements actuels, tels que la chimiothérapie ou la radiothérapie, qui présentent une efficacité élevée mais une faible sélectivité. Ce travail décrit l'élaboration de nanomatériaux pour le diagnostic et le traitement des cancers de faible taille grâce à une nouvelle thérapie: la thérapie photodynamique (PDT). Cette nouvelle technique, implique l'activation d'une molécule photosensibilisatrice (PS) grâce à des longueurs d'onde spécifiques. Cette activation conduit à des cascades de transfert d'énergie qui produisent des espèces oxygénées réactives cytotoxiques provoquant la mort cellulaire.Dans un premier temps, l'élaboration de nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuses (MSN) contenant un agent photosensibilisant de type porphyrine est présentée pour le traitement in vitro du cancer de la prostate et du rétinoblastome grâce à la thérapie photodynamique à un photon. Des nanoparticules fonctionnalisées avec de nouveaux ligands ont été essayées pour cibler les nanoparticules vers les cellules cancéreuses de la prostate. La diminution de la taille des nanoparticules à 20 nm a été élaborée pour traverser la barrière hémato-rétinienne et traiter les rétinoblastomes.D'autre part, deux nouveaux types de nanomatériaux ont été conçus pour le traitement à deux photons qui conduit à une pénétration plus profonde dans les tissus. Des nanoparticules polysilsesquioxane pontés (BS) et des nanoparticules d’organosilice mésoporeuses (PMO) ont été conçues à partir de différents types de molécules photosensibilisatrices tétra-silylées ou octa-silylées et de bis-organo-alcoxysilanes comme l'éthane, l'éthylène ou le disulfide. L’efficacité des BS en imagerie à deux photons en thérapie photodynamique a été démontrée in vitro. Des nanoparticules de BS à base de disulfides ont été conçues comme nouveaux nanomatériaux biodégradables.Enfin, en plus de l'imagerie et la thérapie, les PMO ont été testés in vitro pour la délivrance de médicaments en raison de leur mésoporosité. La gemcitabine et doxorubicine ont été encapsulées dans les pores obtenant des charges élevées en médicaments. Outre les photosensibilisateurs classiques, des PMO cœur-coquille contenant des nanodiamants ont été testés en tant que PS. Pour finir, des PMO à base de porphyrines sont présentés pour la délivrance de gènes in vitro et in vivo utilisant le poisson-zèbre comme modèle. / Nowadays, the increase of the number of low-size cancers in the world has prompted the development of novel multifunctional nanomaterials applied to new non-invasive therapies. These new therapies are expected to selectively eradicate the tumor, decreasing or suppressing the side effects induced in healthy tissues by current treatments. This study describes the elaboration of nanomaterials for the diagnostic and the therapy of low size cancers through a novel therapy: photodynamic therapy (PDT). This new technique involves the activation of a photosensitizer molecule (PS) with specific wavelengths of light giving rise to energy transfer cascades that yield cytotoxic reactive oxygen species leading to apoptotic and necrotic cell death.First, the elaboration of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) containing a porphyrin photosensitizer are presented for the treatment in vitro of prostate cancer and retinoblastoma through one-photon therapy. Functionalized nanoparticles with new ligands were synthesized to target the nanoparticles to prostate cancer cells. The decrease of the nanoparticle size to 20 nm was elaborated to cross the blood-retinal barrier and treat retinoblastomas.On the other hand, two new types of nanomaterials were designed for two-photon nanomedicine which leads to a deeper penetration in tissues. Bridged silsesquioxane (BS) and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOs) nanoparticles were designed from different types of tetra or octasilylated-photosensitizers and bis-organoalkoxysilanes such as ethane, ethylene or disulphide. Pure PS bridged silsesquioxane nanoparticles lead to efficient two-photon imaging and photodynamic therapy which were demonstrated in vitro. Disulfide-based BS nanoparticles were designed as biodegradable nanomaterials.Finally, in addition to the imaging and therapy, PMOs nanoparticles were tested in vitro as nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their mesoporosity. Gemcitabine or doxorubicin were encapsulated into the pores leading to high drug loadings. Beside the classical photosensitizers, nanodiamonds core-shells PMOs were tested as PDT agent. In addition, pure porphyrin nanoPMOs are presented for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model.
96

POLYMER MODIFICATION OF FULLERENE FOR PHOTODYNAMIC TUMOR THERAPY AND TUMOR IMAGING / 光線力学がん治療とがんイメージングのためのフラーレンの高分子修飾

Liu, Jian 23 March 2010 (has links)
Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15397号 / 工博第3276号 / 新制||工||1493(附属図書館) / 27875 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 田畑 泰彦, 教授 岩田 博夫, 教授 木村 俊作 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当
97

Estudo comparativo da eficiência fotodinâmica da hipericina e da curcumina em células tumorais / A comparative study on the photodynamic efficiency of Curcumin and Hypericin in tumor cells

Ma Hui Ling 15 February 2017 (has links)
O câncer é uma doença que causa grande número de mortes a cada ano e os tratamentos convencionais normalmente ocasionam efeitos colaterais indesejados além do que nem sempre são eficazes. A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma modalidade alternativa de tratamento, que se baseia na combinação de um fotossensibilizador (FS), luz e oxigênio, e tem mostrado resultados promissores em vários tipos de câncer. No entanto, existem alguns desafios para o desenvolvimento de fotossensibilizadores que cumprem os requisitos para uso clínico. Os compostos, hipericina (HY) e curcumina (CUR), estão presentes em plantas medicinais, possuem altos rendimentos quânticos e podem ser usados como FS em TFD. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a eficiência fotodinâmica da HY e CUR através de suas propriedades físico-químicas e biológicas, tais como coeficiente de absortividade molar (&#949), coeficiente de partição (Log P), fotodegradação, atividade fotodinâmica de geração de oxigênio singlete e a resposta biológica usando ensaios citotóxicos e microscopia de fluorescência para avaliar o tipo de morte celular. A HY apresenta propriedade anfifílica, enquanto a CUR, hidrofóbica. A HY é mais fotoestável, enquanto a CUR fotodegrada facilmente sob irradiação em 455 nm levando à formação de fotoprodutos que possuem menor citotoxicidade que a CUR íntegra, o que sugere que a eficiência da TFD diminui conforme este corante é irradiado. Além disso, a alta eficiência de geração de oxigênio singlete de HY corrobora com a sua fototoxicidade mais elevada em comparação com a CUR. A concentração inibitória média (IC50) da HY em células de carcinoma epidermóide de laringe humana (HEp-2) é 256 vezes menor para CUR sob a mesma dose de luz. A investigação do tipo de morte celular foi realizada por microscopia de fluorescência após TFD utilizando os FSs em concentração equivalente a duas vezes o valor de IC50. HY-TFD promoveu cerca de 1,5 vezes mais apoptose nas células HEp-2 do que a CUR. Além disso, a acumulação intracelular dos FSs analisada por Microscopia Confocal de fluorescência mostrou que a CUR apresenta uma velocidade de acumulação menor que a HY. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a HY é um FS mais eficiente que a CUR para TFD, porém como a CUR e a HY apresentam baixa toxicidade na ausência de luz, são compostos seguros para serem utilizados clinicamente. / Cancer is a disease that causes several deaths each year and the treatment modalities are not quite selective and usually bring about intensive side effect besides not very effective sometimes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment, which is based on the combination of a photosensitive molecule, light activation and oxygen. Many studies have shown promising results with PDT in diverse types of cancer. However, there are some challenges for the development of photosensitizers to comply the requisites for clinical use. The compounds hypericin (HY) and curcumin (CUR), are present in medicinal plants, have high fluorescence quantum yields and can be used as PS in PDT. In this study, we compare HY and CUR through the study of theirs physic-chemical and biological properties, as well as photo degradation, determination of the partition coefficient (Log P) and the molar absorptivity coefficient (&#949), the photodynamic activity as an indirect estimation of singlet oxygen generation potential and the biological response using cytotoxicity assays as well as fluorescence microscopy. The results suggested that HY presents amphiphilic property while CUR is hydrophobic. HY is more photostable than CUR, which is easily photodegradated at 455 nm leading to the formation of photoproducts. The cytotoxicity of these photoproducts was investigated being lower than that of CUR, which suggests that the efficiency of CUR-PDT decreases while this dye is irradiated. Furthermore, the elevated oxygen singlet generation of HY corroborates with its higher phototoxicity compared to CUR. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HY in human epidermoid cancer cells (HEp-2) is 256 times lower than the IC50 for CUR at equal light irradiance. The investigation on the type of cell death was carried out by fluorescence microscopy after PDT using the photosensitizers at concentration equivalent to 2x IC50 values. HY-PDT induced around more 1.5 times apoptosis cell death than CUR-PDT. Besides, the intracellular accumulation of PS analyzed by fluorescence Confocal Microscopy has demonstrated that the accumulation of CUR is slower than HY. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HY is a more efficient PS than CUR for PDT, however, as CUR and HY present low toxicity in the absence of light, they are safe compounds to be clinically used.
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Ensaio clínico controlado do uso da terapia fotodinâmica em adolescentes com halitose / Photodynamic therapy on teenagers with halitosis: a controlled clinical trial

Lopes, Rúbia Garcia 11 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-19T18:09:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubia Garcia Lopes.pdf: 6178642 bytes, checksum: 787a2ca51a971a3c09bda8ef659636e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T18:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubia Garcia Lopes.pdf: 6178642 bytes, checksum: 787a2ca51a971a3c09bda8ef659636e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Halitosis is a term used to define the unpleasant breath that may have a systemic or oral origin. Volatile sulfur compounds produced by the Gramnegative bacteria mainly cause the bad breath. Using light - along with by chemical agents or not - is common to induce therapeutic and antimicrobial effects in the photodynamic therapy, and the antimicrobial effect happens only in the areas covered by the dye and irradiated by light. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the photodynamic therapy in adolescent halitosis, analyzing the volatile sulfur compounds concentration, measured by gas chromatography (OralChromaTM). 45 adolescents were assessed and randomly divided (through controlled clinical study) into 3 groups that received different treatments: group 1 treatment with photodynamic therapy applied on the back (dorsum) region and on the middle third of the tongue, group 2 tongue scraper and group 3 treatment with tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The halitosis diagnosis was performed before and after the OralChroma treatment. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied and compared with the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The α = 0.05 significance level was considered for all analysis. After the treatment, there was a statistically significant decline on all groups (p <0.001); however, the photodynamic therapy and tongue scraper treatment proved to be more efficient to fully reduce the hydrogen sulfides (median = 0). This study provides a new option for treating adolescent halitosis with immediate effects without mechanical aggression to the lingual papillae, which is common in the conventional treatment with tongue scrapers. / A halitose é um termo utilizado para definir o odor desagradável e fétido que emana da boca, podendo apresentar origem sistêmica (10%) ou oral (90%). O mau odor é provocado principalmente por compostos sulforados voláteis, produzido pela ação de bactérias Gram-negativas. A luz acompanhada ou não de agentes químicos tem sido usada para induzir efeitos terapêuticos e antimicrobianos na terapia fotodinâmica (TFD), sendo que o efeito antimicrobiano fica confinado apenas às áreas cobertas pelo corante e irradiadas pela luz. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano da TFD em adolescentes com halitose, pela análise da concentração de compostos sulforados voláteis, mensurado por cromatografia gasosa (OralChroma TM). Por meio de estudo clínico controlado, 45 adolescentes foram avaliados e divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos que receberam tratamentos distintos: grupo 1 tratamento com TFD aplicada na região de dorso e terço médio da língua, grupo 2 raspador lingual e grupo 3 tratamento combinado de raspador lingual e TFD. O diagnóstico de halitose foi realizado antes e depois do tratamento pela cromatorgrafia gasosa. Foi aplicado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparação seguido do teste Student-Newman-Keuls. Para todas as análises foi considerado um nível de significância de α=0,05. Após o tratamento houve redução estatisticamente significante para todos os grupos (p < 0,001), contudo a associação da terapia fotodinâmica ao raspador lingual mostrou ser mais eficiente na redução total de sulfidretos (mediana=0). Conclui-se portanto, que esse estudo traz uma nova opção de tratamento para halitose, com efeito imediato e sem agressão mecânica as papilas linguais comum ao tratamento convencional com raspadores.
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Evaluación in vitro del efecto inhibitorio de la terapia fotodinámica sobre Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 25175) y Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC® 10556) en presencia y ausencia de riboflavina / In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC®10556) in presence and absence of riboflavin

Munive Mendez, María Claudia del Pilar, Cardenas Quispe, Flavia Jimena 25 February 2020 (has links)
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto inhibitorio de la terapia fotodinámica (TPD) con Diodo Emisor de Luz (LED) azul sobre Streptococcus mutans y Streptococcus sanguinis en presencia y ausencia de riboflavina (E - 101). Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron cuatro tratamientos en presencia y ausencia de la exposición de luz LED azul y riboflavina al 0.5% sobre Streptococcus mutans y Streptococcus sanguinis. Las bacterias fueron cultivadas en medio BHI y la unidad de medida utilizada fue las unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/ml). Resultados: La fotoactivación con luz LED azul a 40 segundos no tuvo efecto inhibitorio sobre S. mutans y S. sanguinis. Sin embargo, al realizar la terapia fotodinámica en presencia de riboflavina, se observó que el crecimiento bacteriano fue menor (p<0.05). Asimismo, se identificó que la viabilidad bacteriana de S. sanguinis es menor que la de S. mutans, con un 40% y 66% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la riboflavina tiene un efecto inhibitorio significativo sobre la viabilidad bacteriana de S. mutans y S. sanguinis. / Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy (TPD) with blue Light Emitting Diode (LED) on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in presence and absence of riboflavin (E-101). Materials and methods: Four treatments were performed in presence and absence of blue LED and riboflavin (0.5%) exposure on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. The bacteria were grown in BHI medium and the unit of measurement used was the colony forming units (CFU / ml). Results: Photoactivation with blue LED light at 40 seconds had no inhibitory effect on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. However, when performing photodynamic therapy in presence of riboflavin, it was observed that bacterial growth was lower (p <0.05). Likewise, it was identified that bacterial viability of S. sanguinis is lower than S. mutans, with 40% and 66% respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that riboflavin has a significant inhibitory effect on the bacterial viability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis. / Tesis
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Suivi thérapeutique d'un traitement par photothérapie dynamique sur des modèles murins de rétinoblastome / Therapeutic Follow-up of Photodynamic Therapy Treatment of Retinoblastoma Murine Models

Lemaitre, Stéphanie 27 November 2017 (has links)
Le rétinoblastome est la tumeur intraoculaire primitive la plus fréquente de l’enfant. Les traitements actuels du rétinoblastome sont associés à de nombreux effets secondaires. De nouvelles approches thérapeutiques (telles que la photothérapie dynamique [PDT] ou les injections intra-vitréennes [IVT] de chimiothérapies) doivent donc être évaluées sur des modèles animaux, en vue d’une éventuelle application clinique.Dans cette thèse nous avons tout d’abord caractérisé un modèle murin obtenu par xénogreffe orthotopique de cellules issues de rétinoblastomes humains. Nous avons montré que la croissance tumorale intraoculaire est possible dans des lignées de souris immunodéficientes (Swiss-nude et SCID [severe combined immunodeficiency]) et dans une lignée immunocompétente (B6Albino). En raison du taux de prise tumorale insuffisant (entre 28.4% et 68.8% selon les lignées de souris utilisées) et des complications oculaires liées à l’injection orthotopique de cellules tumorales (cataracte, décollement de rétine chronique), les tests thérapeutiques (PDT et IVT de chimiothérapies) ont ensuite été réalisés sur un modèle murin transgénique de rétinoblastome (LHBetaTag).En vue du traitement par PDT, une étude de biodistribution par IRM (imagerie par résonance magnétique) du photosensibilisateur (PS, DEG-mannose) couplé au manganèse et une étude par dosage du PS ont été réalisées. Elles ont toutes les deux montré que l’illumination de la tumeur doit être réalisée 24 à 48h après l’administration intra-péritonéale du PS (ce qui correspond au « drug-to-light interval » du traitement par PDT). En utilisant ces paramètres, le traitement par PDT a été efficace sur les tumeurs rétiniennes des souris LHBetaTag. Au niveau de la zone traitée par PDT, il y a ainsi eu 91.7% de cicatrices choriorétiniennes en OCT (optical coherence tomography) pour un « drug-to-light interval » de 24h et 100% de cicatrices choriorétiniennes pour un « drug-to-light interval » de 48h. La rétine non tumorale située en dehors de la zone traitée par PDT avait un aspect normal en histologie, ce qui est en faveur d’une absence de toxicité rétinienne de la PDT sur les tissus sains. Le traitement par laser seul n’a pas eu d’effet anti-tumoral.Des traitements par IVT de chimiothérapies ont aussi été évalués sur les tumeurs rétiniennes des souris LHBetaTag. Les molécules utilisées ont été le melphalan, le carboplatine et le topotecan, administrées en mono ou en bithérapie. Nous avons montré que 4 IVT hebdomadaires de carboplatine à la dose de 1.5 µg ont la meilleure efficacité anti-tumorale (83.3% d’yeux sans masse tumorale en histologie) pour une toxicité rétinienne faible (21.4% d’yeux où il y a eu une diminution de l’épaisseur de la rétine non tumorale en OCT au cours du suivi in vivo). Le carboplatine semble donc être une alternative intéressante au melphalan, qui est actuellement la molécule la plus utilisée en clinique pour les IVT dans le rétinoblastome mais qui est associé à une toxicité rétinienne importante.En conclusion, ces études précliniques réalisées sur un modèle murin de rétinoblastome (LHBetaTag) montrent que la PDT est envisageable pour le traitement des tumeurs rétiniennes dans le rétinoblastome humain. Les IVT de carboplatine sont une perspective pour le traitement des flocons intra-vitréens dans cette maladie. Des évaluations fonctionnelles (électrorétinogramme, étude du réflexe optocinétique) devront cependant être réalisées chez la souris avant un éventuel passage en clinique afin de mieux caractériser une éventuelle toxicité rétinienne de ces traitements. / Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Current retinoblastoma treatments have many adverse effects. New therapeutic approaches (like photodynamic therapy [PDT] or intravitreal injections [IVT] of chemotherapy) must therefore be evaluated on animal models, before a clinical application.In this thesis we first characterized an orthotopic xenograft murine model obtained with human retinoblastoma cells. We showed that intraocular tumor growth can be achieved in immunodeficient mouse strains (Swiss-nude and SCID [severe combined immunodeficiency]) and in an immunocompetent strain (B6Albino). Due to insufficient tumor engraftment rates (between 28.4 and 68.8% depending on the mouse strains) and to ocular complications after the injection of tumor cells (cataract, chronic retinal detachment) the treatments (PDT and IVT of chemotherapy) were performed on a transgenic retinoblastoma mouse model (LHBetaTag).In order to perform PDT, an MRI study (magnetic resonance imaging) of the photosensitizer (PS, DEG-mannose) coupled with manganese and a biodistribution study based on the dosage of the PS were performed. Both studies showed that the illumination of the tumor should be performed between 24 and 48h after the intraperitoneal injection of the PS (which corresponds to the “drug-to-light interval” of PDT). Using these parameters, PDT was effective on the retinal tumors of LHBetaTag mice. In the area treated with PDT we found 91.7% chorioretinal scars on OCT (optical coherence tomography) with a “drug-to-light interval” of 24h, and 100% chorioretinal scars with a “drug-to-light interval” of 48h. The retina outside the treated area had a normal aspect on histology, showing that PDT is not toxic on healthy tissues. Laser treatment alone had no anti-tumor effect.IVT of chemotherapy were also performed in LHBetaTag mice. We used melphalan, carboplatin and topotecan, alone or in association. We showed that 4 weekly IVT of carboplatin at the dose of 1.5 µg had the best anti-tumor effect (83.3% of eyes had no tumor mass on histology) and little retinal toxicity (21.4% of eyes had diminished retinal thickness on OCT). Carboplatin seems an interesting alternative to melphalan which is currently the most commonly used chemotherapy for IVT (but has a retinal toxicity).In conclusion, these preclinical studies on a retinoblastoma mouse model (LHBetaTag) show that PDT could be used to treat retinal tumors in human retinoblastoma. IVT of carboplatin could be used to treat vitreous seeds in this disease. Functional tests (electroretinogram, optokinetic reflex) should be performed in mice in order to evaluate more precisely the retinal toxicity of these treatments.

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