Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-17T19:55:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Claodete Hasselstrom Neves.pdf: 1544628 bytes, checksum: c8448adc35211604eee744606435547c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T17:11:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Claodete Hasselstrom Neves.pdf: 1544628 bytes, checksum: c8448adc35211604eee744606435547c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T17:11:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Claodete Hasselstrom Neves.pdf: 1544628 bytes, checksum: c8448adc35211604eee744606435547c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da administração crônica de digoxina e do verapamil durante treinamento físico intervalado de alta intensidade (TFI) sobre o desempenho físico, capacidade funcional e morfologia cardíaca de ratos. Para tanto, 48 ratos Wistar, com 60 dias de idade, foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 6 grupos(N=8/grupo): controle, não treinado (C), treinado, sem administração de droga (T), digoxina sem treinamento (DIGO), verapamil sem treinamento (VERA), treinado, com administração de digoxina (TDIGO) e treinado, com administração de verapamil (TVERA). A digoxina e o verapamil foram administrados via gavagem, na dose de 30μg/kg/dia e 5,0 mg/kg/dia respectivamente, durante todo o período experimental. Os grupos T, TDIGO e TVERA foram submetidos a um programa de TFI em esteira rolante durante 60 dias. Foi aplicado o teste de esforço progressivo máximo (TEM) e determinada a concentração sérica de lactato (LAC) sanguíneo. O TFI consistiu de sessões de corrida em esteira rolante 1 h/dia, 5 dias/semana por 60 dias. A intensidade de treino foi 80% da velocidade máxima (Vmáx) atingida no teste de esforço antes do TFI por 8 min e 20% da Vmáx por 2 min. A função cardíaca foi avaliada por ecocardiograma. Foi coletado o músculo esquelético, o músculo cardíaco e a gordura corporal total (GOR) para os dados anatômicos, o ventrículo esquerdo (VE) para análise histológica e o sangue para a análise bioquímica. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA) e Kruskal Wallis para o esquema de dois fatores independentes, complementada com o teste de Bonferroni, Tukey ou Dunn. O índice de significância considerado foi de 5%. A relação VE/peso corporal final (PCF), o diâmetro diastólico do VE (DDVE) e diâmetro sistólico do VE (DSVE) foram maiores no grupo TDIGO do que o grupo T e DIGO. Os parâmetros do TEM foram maiores e a concentração de LAC foi menor em ratos treinados em relação aos não treinados. A relação GOR/PCF foi menor no TDIGO e TVERA em relação ao DIGO e VERA, respectivamente. A relação VE/PCF foi maior no TVERA em relação ao VERA. O diâmetro interno do VE (DIVE) do grupo T, TDIGO e TVERA foram maiores em relação ao C, o TDIGO teve aumento em relação ao DIGO. O colesterol total e o LDL foram maiores no TDIGO comparado ao DIGO. A área do cardiomiócito foi maior nos grupos VERA e T comparados ao grupo C. Conclusão: O Treinamento intervalado promoveu hipertrofia cardíaca do tipo excêntrica. Entretanto, a administração concomitante de digoxina ou de verapamil não afetaram a morfologia cardíaca, a função cardíaca e o desempenho físico em ratos submetidos ao treinamento. / The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of cardiotonic (digoxin) and the calcium channel blocker (verapamil) during high-intensity interval exercise training (IET) on physical performance, functional capacity and cardiac morphology of rats. For this study, 48 Wistar rats, 60 days old, were randomly distributed into 6 groups (N = 8 / group): control, untrained (C), trained without drug administration (T), digoxin untrained (DIGO), verapamil without training (VERA), trained with digoxin administration (TDIGO) and trained with verapamil administration (TVERA). Digoxin and verapamil were administered by gavage at a dose of 30μg/kg/day and 5.0 mg.kg-1, respectively, throughout the experimental period. The groups T, TDIGO and TVERA underwent a IET program on a treadmill for 60 days. The progressive maximal exercise test was applied (TPM) and determined the serum concentration of lactate (LAC) blood. The IET consisted of sessions running on a treadmill 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 60 days. The training intensity was 80% of the maximum velocity (Vmax) achieved in the stress test before the TAI for 8 min and 20% of Vmax for 2 min. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Was collected skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and total body fat (TBF) for anatomical data, the left ventricle (LV) for histological analysis and blood for biochemical analysis. The comparison between groups was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal Wallis for the two independent factors, complemented by the Bonferroni test, Tukey or Dunn. The significance level considered was 5%. The ratio VE final body weight (FBW), LV diastolic diameter (LVDD) and LV systolic diameter (LVSD) were higher in TDIGO group than the group T and DIGO. The parameters MET were higher and the concentration of LAC was lower in rats training in relation to the untrained. The relationship GOR/FBW was lower in TDIGO and TVERA compared to DIGO and VERA respectively. The ratio VE/FBW was higher in TVERA compared to VERA. The of the LV inside diameter (LVID) T group, TDIGO and TVERA were higher compared to C, TDIGO had increased compared to DIGO. Total cholesterol and LDL were higher in TDIGO compared to DIGO. The area of cardiomyocytes was higher in VERA and T compared to group C. Conclusion: TAI induced cardiac hypertrophy of the eccentric type. However, concomitant administration of digoxin or verapamil did not affect the cardiac morphology, cardiac function and physical performance in rats submitted to training.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JairSVJ.pdf: 494758 bytes, checksum: ff6d790cbf26c2b6783c7734bbfc33e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia / The identification of the factors that interfere in the decline of functional conditions is useful in the planning of actions addressing the improvement in the conditions of the lives of elderly people. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the relationship between social demographics and health aspects of the functional condition in elderly women of low income of the Brazilian northeast. This crosssectional study involved a representative sample of 222 women with an average age of 70 years (? 7.1), belonging to coexisting groups and that were resident in the urban area of the municipal district of Jequi? /Bahia. In order to achieve this objective, a battery of physical tests of functional aptitude was carried out previously tested in pilot study, anthropometric measurements collected with a comparison of the measures referred to the reported weight and height as well as the application of an interview with questions containing subjects related to social demographic variables, clinical conditions and health, physical conditions and behaviors. Descriptive statistics Proceedings (frequency, average, standard deviation and percent distribution) were used for statistic analysis, and the calculation of the respective odds ratio by binary logistics regression, for the analysis of factors hierarchically grouped; p<0.05. The prevalence of 56% (n=122) of women considered with moderated or serious type of functional limitations was found, In which from multi-varied hierarchical analysis, significant association was verified with the age group over 80 years (p=0.02), conditions of widowhood (p=0.04), presence of arterial hypertension (p=0.001), and physical inactivity during leisure time (p=0.03). On the other hand for functional incapacities the prevalence was of 46.8% (n=104) being associated to the increase of the age (p=0.01), hospitalization (p=0.02), absence of physical activities along their lives (p=0.001) and the occurrence of alterations in the cognitive function (p=0.001). The normative table for the parameters of physical fitness generated conducive to health professionals in the diagnosis of health conditions and the prescription of physical exercises. The identified characteristics that are associated with the functional limitations / functional incapacities suggest a complex causal net in the determination of the functional condition in elderly women. However, actions addressed to the incentive of the practice of physical activities in the leisure time and the preservation of the cognitive function can contribute to a life with more quality for these people. This research was multidisciplinary approach to involve elements of psychology, nutrition and Physical Education in the elucidation of the object of study related to the functional condition of elderly women / A identifica??o de fatores que interferem no decl?nio da condi??o funcional ? ?til no planejamento de a??es direcionadas as melhorias nas condi??es de vida das pessoas idosas. O prop?sito dessa investiga??o foi o de analisar a rela??o dos aspectos s?cio-demogr?ficos e referentes a sa?de com a condi??o funcional em mulheres idosas de baixa renda do nordeste brasileiro. Este estudo teve um delineamento transversal, tendo uma amostra representativa de 222 mulheres, com m?dia de 70 anos (? 7,2) pertencentes a grupos de conviv?ncia e que eram residentes na zona urbana do munic?pio de Jequi?, Bahia. Para tanto foi conduzida uma bateria de testes de desempenho f?sico para avalia??o da aptid?o funcional previamente testada em estudo piloto, coletadas medidas antropom?tricas com a compara??o de medidas referidas com as reportadas para o peso e estatura, al?m da aplica??o de uma entrevista contendo quest?es relativas ?s vari?veis s?cio-demogr?ficas, condi??es cl?nicas, sa?de percebida, condi??es f?sicas e comportamentais. Para an?lise estat?stica foram utilizados procedimentos da estat?stica descritiva (freq??ncia, m?dia, desvio padr?o e distribui??o percent?lica) e o c?lculo da respectiva raz?o de chances mediante regress?o log?stica bin?ria, para an?lise de fatores hierarquicamente agrupados; p<0,05. Encontrou-se uma preval?ncia de 56% (n=122) de mulheres consideradas com limita??es funcionais do tipo moderada ou grave, nos quais a partir de an?lise multivariada hierarquizada, verificaram-se associa??o significativa com a faixa et?ria superior a 80 anos (p=0,02), condi??es de viuvez (p=0,04), presen?a de hipertens?o arterial (p=0,001), e inatividade f?sica no lazer (p=0,03). J? para as incapacidades funcionais a preval?ncia foi de 46,8% (n=104) sendo associada ao aumento da idade (p=0,01), hospitaliza??o (p=0,02), aus?ncia de pr?ticas de atividades f?sicas ao longo da vida (p=0,001) e a ocorr?ncia de altera??es na fun??o cognitiva (p=0,001). A tabela normativa para os par?metros de aptid?o f?sica gerada favorece aos profissionais de sa?de no diagn?stico das condi??es de sa?de e na prescri??o de exerc?cios f?sicos. As caracter?sticas identificadas que se associaram ?s limita??es funcionais/incapacidades funcionais sugerem uma complexa rede causal na determina??o da condi??o funcional em mulheres idosas. No entanto, a??es direcionadas ao incentivo da pr?tica de atividades f?sicas no lazer e a preserva??o da fun??o cognitiva podem contribuir para uma vida com mais qualidade a estas pessoas. Esta investiga??o teve a abordagem multidisciplinar ao envolver elementos da psicologia, nutri??o e da Educa??o F?sica na elucida??o do objeto de estudo relacionado ? condi??o funcional de mulheres idosas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielleSRM_DISSERT.pdf: 1019992 bytes, checksum: b76ab37ac037f93cb2e754ba33cac9e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / Introduction: Hypoestrogenism is the main characteristic of female aging. It promotes significant changes in body composition, both in fat mass as in lean body mass, leading to a decrease in muscle strength and physical performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether menopausal status and hormone levels are associated with muscular strength and physical performance in middle-aged women. Methods: In a cross-sectional study it was collected sociodemographic data, gynecological history, anthropometric and biochemical measures in women aged 40 to 65 years in Parnamirim-RN. The menopause status (pre, peri and post menopause) was determined by menstrual history. All women underwent three dimensions of physical performance assessment: handgrip dynamometry, gait speed and chair stands test - Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Categorical data were presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative data were showed as mean and standard deviation and the normality of distribution was verified with Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. Biochemical measures of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were transformed to log10. ANOVA with Tukey post-test for comparison of variables between the groups pre, peri and post-menopausal was performed and then multiple linear regression analyzes. Results: Two hundred and seventy eight women aged 50.2 (?5.58) years composed this study, being 50 women in premenopausal status (18%), 122 in perimenopausal (43.9%), and 106 postmenopausal stage (38.1%). The groups were different in age (p=0.001), marital relationship duration (p <0.001), number of pregnancies (p=0.001) and parity (p=0.001). Differences in biochemical measures were observed among the groups: estradiol (p<0.001), FSH (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.001). There were no differences in gait velocity between menopausal status. Values in mean of grip strength decreased by postmenopausal women to perimenopausal and premenopausal ones (24.5 ? 5.1, 25.6 ? 5.4, 26.9 ? 4.9 for post-stage, pre and peri menopausas, respectively, p = 0.02) and the performance of chair stands test was better in premenopausal women compared with that in peri and postmenopausal status (p = 0.02). In multiple linear regression for muscle strength, the variables that remained were: age, estradiol and somatic symptoms measured by Menopause Rating Scale-MRS (R2=0.15). While for the xiv chair-stands test the predictors were number of births and FSH values (R2=0.04). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the stages of menopause and muscle performance in measures of grip strength and sit-up test and these are influenced by the fall of estrogens levels. Data suggest that the decrease in muscle strength and physical performance already appear in the transition to menopause stage, pointing to the need for more research in this area and appropriate preventive interventions / Introdu??o: O envelhecimento feminino tem como principal caracter?stica o hipoestrogenismo, o que promove mudan?as significativas na composi??o corporal, tanto na massa gorda, quanto na massa magra, levando ao decl?nio da for?a muscular e do desempenho funcional. Objetivo: Investigar a rela??o entre o est?gio menopausal, n?veis hormonais, desempenho muscular e funcional em mulheres de meia idade. M?todos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, onde foram coletados dados sociodemogr?ficos, hist?rico ginecol?gico, medidas antropom?tricas e dosagens bioqu?micas de uma popula??o de mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos do munic?pio de Parnamirim-RN. A fase reprodutiva das mulheres (pr?, peri e p?s-menopausa) foi determinada pelo ciclo menstrual. Foi realizada dinamometria da preens?o palmar e aplicada a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), do qual se considerou a velocidade da marcha e tempo de realiza??o do teste levantar-sentar para analisar o desempenho funcional. A apresenta??o para dados categ?ricos deu-se por frequ?ncias absolutas e relativas. Dados quantitativos foram apresentados por m?dia e desvio-padr?o e a normalidade da distribui??o foi verificada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S). As medidas bioqu?micas do estradiol e FSH foram transformadas para log10, e em seguida, foi aplicado o teste de an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA), com p?s-teste de Tukey, para compara??o das vari?veis entre os grupos pr?, peri e p?s-menopausadas. Por fim, foi realizada an?lise de regress?o linear m?ltipla para identificar o grau de predi??o das vari?veis. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 278 mulheres, com m?dia de idade de 50,2 (?5,58) anos, sendo 50 em pr?-menopausa (18%), 122 em perimenopausa (43,9%) e 106 em p?s-menopausa (38,1%). Foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos, as vari?vies idade (p=0,001), o tempo de uni?o est?vel (p<0,001), n?mero de gravidezes (p=0,001) e de partos (p=0,001). Quanto aos exames bioqu?micos, foram observadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos para os valores de Estradiol (p<0,001), FSH (p<0,001) e Colesterol Total (p=0,001). N?o foram encontradas diferen?as na velocidade da marcha entre os diferentes est?gios. Mulheres em p?s-menopausa apresentaram os menores valores em m?dia de for?a de preens?o palmar quando comparado com em perimenopausa e estas, menores que as em pr?-menopausa (24.5 ? 5.1, 25.6 ? 5.4, 26.9 ? 4.9 para est?gios p?s, peri e pr?- xii menopausas respectivamente; p=0,02) e o desempenho do teste levantar-sentar foi melhor naquelas em pr?-menopausa quando comparado com aquela em peri e p?s-menopausa (p=0,02). No modelo de an?lise de regress?o linear m?ltipla, para a vari?vel for?a muscular, permaneceram a idade, estradiol e sintomas som?ticos do Menopause Rating Scale-MRS (R2= 0,15). A vari?vel levantar-sentar teve como preditores o n?mero de partos e o FSH (R2= 0,04). Conclus?o: Existe uma rela??o entre os est?gios de menopausa e o desempenho muscular nas medidas de for?a de preens?o palmar e teste levantar-sentar. Estas s?o influenciadas pela queda nos n?veis s?ricos de estrog?nios. Os dados sugerem que o decr?scimo da for?a muscular e as altera??es no desempenho aparecem j? na transi??o para a menopausa, em mulheres em meia-idade, apontando para a necessidade de mais estudos nesta ?rea e interven??es preventivas apropriadas

Submitted by Márcio Ropke (ropke13marcio@gmail.com) on 2017-02-10T12:16:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) anelita.dissertacao.final.2013.12.04a.pdf: 2072554 bytes, checksum: e3cf58b92127a94864f0503af16ab9ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-02-16T20:09:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 anelita.dissertacao.final.2013.12.04a.pdf: 2072554 bytes, checksum: e3cf58b92127a94864f0503af16ab9ff (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-02-16T20:14:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 anelita.dissertacao.final.2013.12.04a.pdf: 2072554 bytes, checksum: e3cf58b92127a94864f0503af16ab9ff (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T20:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 anelita.dissertacao.final.2013.12.04a.pdf: 2072554 bytes, checksum: e3cf58b92127a94864f0503af16ab9ff (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Sem bolsa / Introdução: Na prescrição do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) o tempo de recuperação entre esforços é aspecto relevante. No entanto, o tipo de recuperação tem se mostrado como determinante do desempenho subsequente, e a maioria dos estudos tem indicado que a recuperação ativa (RA) tende a ser superior à passiva (RP). Especificamente quanto à RA, ela pode ser com o mesmo grupo muscular exercitado, com segmento corporal oposto ou com região do tronco. No entanto, esta última estratégia tem sido pouco investigada. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de dois tipos de RA nas respostas fisiológicas e no desempenho físico subsequente a treino intervalado de alta intensidade, considerando dois diferentes níveis de aptidão aeróbia. Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi desenvolvido com 25 homens, entre 18 e 35 anos, os quais foram alocados em um destes dois grupos: Alta Aptidão (AACR),Baixa Aptidão (BACR). Os envolvidos realizaram três dias de atividades. Na primeira visita foram mensurados: massa corporal, estatura, dobras cutâneas, frequência cardíaca, lactato sanguíneo e pressão sanguínea em repouso, além da realização de teste de potência máxima (Pmax) em cicloergômetro e teste de tempo limite (TLim a 120% da Pmax), quinze minutos após. A classificação em AACR ou BACR decorreu da Pmax obtida no teste progressivo em cicloergômetro, e alocação de acordo com a mediana. Nas vistas dois e três os sujeitos realizaram: i) aquecimento padronizado, ii) HIIT com dois blocos com quatro estímulos supramáximos cada (30 s a 60 rpm e com carga de 120% da Pmax, 30 s de recuperação passiva) e iii) TLim após o HIIT. Após aquecimento, entre os blocos do HIIT e antes do TLim, os envolvidos executaram um dos dois modos de recuperação ativa: recuperação ativa na bicicleta (bike) e recuperação ativa com exercícios estabilizadores do tronco (core). Na recuperação bike, pedalava-se a 30% da Pmax durante 3 min e na core, realizavamse três exercícios, com duração de 50 s cada um. Para análise dos dados, contou-se com estatística descritiva e os dados foram analisados com análise de variância de dois caminhos (nível de aptidão aeróbia e tipo de recuperação) com medidas repetidas. Assumiu-se p<0,05 como nível de significância. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante considerando nível de aptidão e tipo de recuperação para o TLim. Para recuperação core, BACR e AACR atingiram, respectivamente, 118±25 s e 142±62 s. Na recuperação bike, os valores foram de 110±24 s e 134±72 s. A recuperação bike proporcionou valores inferiores de lactato sanguíneo, mas apenas antes da segunda série de esforços (BACR: 3,62±0,76mmol para core e 2,99±0,90mmol para bike; AACR: 3,23±0,52mmol para core e 2,83±0,66mmol para bike, F=6,38, p=0,01). A9 recuperação core, por sua vez, diminui a frequência cardíaca de modo mais pronunciado antes da primeira e da segunda série do HIIT, bem como antes do TLim(F≥33,8, p<0,001). Conclusão: Considerando-se dois tipos de recuperação ativa e dois níveis de aptidão física aeróbia, não se observaram diferenças significantes no tempo limite após exercício intervalado de alta intensidade. A recuperação com uso de bicicleta apresentou maior remoção de lactato após a segunda série de esforço e a recuperação com exercícios do core exibiu maior contribuição na diminuição da frequência cardíaca durante os períodos de recuperação entre os dois blocos de esforços. / Introduction: In the prescription of high intensity interval training (HIIT) the recovery time between efforts is relevant aspect. However, the type of recovery has been shown to be a determinant of subsequent performance, and most studies have indicated that active recovery (RA) tends to be superior to passive (PR) recovery. Specifically regarding RA, it can be with the same muscle group exercised, with opposite body segment or with trunk region. At the However, the latter strategy has been little investigated. Objective: To investigate the effects of two types of RA on physiological responses and physical performance subsequent to high intensity interval training, considering two different levels of aerobic fitness. Materials and methods: The study was developed with 25 men, aged between 18 and 35 years, who were allocated in one of two groups: High Aptitude (AACR), Low Aptitude (BACR). Those involved had three days of activities. At the first visit, body mass, height, skinfolds, heart rate, blood lactate and resting blood pressure were measured, Of maximum power test (Pmax) on cycle ergometer and time-out test (TLim to 120% of Pmax), fifteen minutes after. The classification in AACR or BACR was from the Pmax obtained in the progressive test in cycle ergometer, and allocation according to the median. In the two and three views the subjects performed: i) standardized heating, ii) HIIT with two blocks with four supramaximal stimuli each (30 s at 60 rpm and with 120% load of Pmax, 30 s of passive recovery) and iii) TLim after Or HIIT. After heating, between the HIIT blocks and before the TLim, participants performed one of two modes of active recovery: active bike recovery and active recovery with core stabilization exercises. In the bike recovery, 30% of the Pmax was cycled for 3 min and in the core, three exercises were performed, each lasting 50 s. To analyze the data, we counted With descriptive statistics and data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (aerobic fitness level and recovery type) with repeated measurements. We assumed p <0.05 as a level of significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference considering the level of fitness and type of recovery for TLim. For core recovery, BACR and AACR reached, respectively, 118 ± 25 s and 142 ± 62 s. In bike recovery, the values ​​were 110 ± 24 s and 134 ± 72 s. The bike recovery provided lower values ​​of blood lactate, but only before the second series of efforts (BACR: 3.62 ± 0.76mmol for core and 2.99 ± 0.90mmol for bike; AACR: 3.23 ± 0.52mmol for core and 2.83 ± 0.66mmol for bike, F = 6.38 , P = 0.01). A9 core recovery, in turn, decreases heart rate more pronouncedly before the first and second series of HIIT, as well as before TLim (F≥33.8, p <0.001). Conclusion: Considering two types of active recovery and two levels of aerobic physical fitness, no significant differences were observed in the time limit after high intensity interval exercise. Recovery with bicycle showed greater lactate removal after the second effort series and recovery with core exercises showed a greater contribution in decreasing heart rate during the recovery periods between the two blocks of effort.

Nach Operationen am Schultergelenk ist die Rehabilitation von entscheidender Bedeutung, um das operative Ergebnis zu sichern und die Schulterfunktion wiederherzustellen. Die dafür erforderliche funktionelle Kraft, Mobilität, Stabilität und Schmerzfreiheit soll mittels adäquater Maßnahmen im Therapieprozess entwickelt werden. Einen Untersuchungsschwerpunkt dieser Arbeit stellte die Erhebung von indikationsspezifischen isokinetischen Referenzwerten dar, die als schädigungsfrei erreichbare Steigerungsraten der Kraft innerhalb eines definierten Rehabilitationsprogrammes anzusehen sind. Dafür wurden jeweils 30 Patienten mit ventraler Schulterstabilisierung, arthroskopisch subakromialer Dekompression und Rekonstruktion der Rotatorenmanschette unter Verwendung des Seilzugisokinetikgerätes „Moflex®“ für die Bewegungen Adduktion, Innen- und Außenrotation untersucht. Zusätzlich galten die tägliche Schmerzquantifizierung, die Erfassung der aktiven Beweglichkeit und die subjektive Einschätzung mittels Fragebögen zum Gesundheitszustand (SF-36-Health-Survey) und zur Schulterfunktion (DASH-Score) zu definierten Zeitpunkten der Rehabilitation als obligate Bestandteile der Untersuchung. Auf der Grundlage der ermittelten Referenzwerte werden Empfehlungen für die praktische Anwendung eines therapeutischen Aufbautrainings mit dem Therapieband und dem Seilzugsystem abgeleitet. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildete die Leistungsdiagnostik mit der Überprüfung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und der kardiopulmonalen Belastung während einer orthopädisch ausgerichteten Rehabilitation. Dafür absolvierten 20 männliche Patienten nach einer Operation am Schultergelenk zu Beginn und zum Abschluss der Rehabilitation einen Spiroergometrietest auf dem Fahrradergometer und eine Spirometrieuntersuchung mit dem „K4b2“ während der Krankengymnastik und der Medizinischen Trainingstherapie. Mit den Resultaten ist erstmalig eine Beurteilung der kardiopulmonalen Belastung von Patienten bei differenten Therapiemaßnahmen möglich. Die Ergebnisse können als Handlungsanleitung für die Belastungsgestaltung im Rahmen der postoperativen Rehabilitation von Schulterpatienten betrachtet werden.

Exercise testings are widely used to estimate current functional state of athletes and reveal their pros and cons in particular cases. The aim of the proposed research was to evaluate eligibility, validity and informativity of various methods of exercise testing for control of athletes’ physical performance. Thirty qualified athletes aged 14 to 35 years and their level of exercise performance were studied, effective method of functional testing for control of training process was developed. We justified use of exercise testing by means of RAMP-protocol cycle spiroergometry for evaluation of aerobic capacity and exercise performance in elite and amateur athletes. Practical outcome is development of effective protocols of exercise testing for adequate and reproductible estimation of aerobic capacity and exercise performance of athletes of all qualification level and specialization. / Проведение проб с дозированной физической нагрузкой позволяет объективно оценивать текущее функциональное состояние организма, выявлять недостатки и преимущества атлетов в отдельных конкретных случаях. Цель – оценить целесообразность, валидность и информативность различных методов нагрузочного тестирования для контроля физической подготовленности спортсменов. В результате исследования были изучены методики нагрузочного тестирования 30 квалифицированных спортсменов от 14 до 35 лет, оценен уровень общей физической работоспособности, разработана эффективная методика функционального тестирования для управления тренировочным процессом. Научная новизна исследования состоит в обосновании использования нагрузочного тестирования методом велоэргоспирометрии по протоколу с непрерывно возрастающей нагрузкой для оценки аэробной производительности и функциональной готовности как элитных спортсменов, так и спортсменов-любителей. Практическая значимость работы заключается в разработке эффективных протоколов нагрузочного тестирования для адекватной и воспроизводимой оценки аэробной производительности и функциональной готовности спортсменов всех уровней квалификации и специализации.

Bakgrund: Under menstruationscykeln, som består av follikelfasen och lutealfasen, så varierar hormonerna kraftigt. Det anabola hormonet östrogen är dominerande under follikelfasen och det katabola hormonet progesteron är dominerande under lutealfasen. Detta talar för att prestationen i styrketräning kan vara högre under follikelfasen än under lutealfasen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om kvinnor i fertil ålder upplevde variationer i sin prestation inom styrketräning under menstruationscykelns olika faser. Metod: I denna studie användes en kvalitativ studiedesign där datainsamling genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fem kvinnor i fertil ålder (24-32 år) med erfarenhet av styrketräning förde träningsdagbok under en menstruationscykel och intervjuades därefter. Intervjuerna analyserades med konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att kvinnornas upplevelse av prestation varierade under menstruationscykels faser. Vid analysen utkristalliserade sig fyra övergripande teman ”Varierande mentala och fysiska upplevelser i den tidiga follikelfasen”, ” Framför allt toppad prestation under sena follikelfasen”, ”Brytpunkt vid ägglossning” och ”Varierande mentala och fysiska upplevelser under lutealfasen”. Konklusion: Kvinnor i fertil ålder verkar uppleva variationer i sin prestation i styrketräning under menstruationscykelns olika faser. Det kan därför vara fördelaktigt att periodisera styrketräningen utifrån menstruationscykeln. / Background: During the menstrual cycle, which consists of the follicular phase and the luteal phase, the hormones vary greatly. The anabolic hormone estrogen dominates the follicular phase and the catabolic hormone progesterone dominates during the luteal phase. This suggests that performance in strength training may be higher during the follicular phase than during the luteal phase. Purpose: The aim was to investigate whether women of childbearing age experienced variations in their performance in strength training during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Method: In this study, a qualitative study design was used where data collection was carried out with semi-structured interviews. Five women of childbearing age (24-32 years) with experience in strength training kept an exercise diary during a menstrual cycle and were subsequently interviewed. Results: The results showed that women's experience of performance varied during the phases of the menstrual cycle. Four categories were identified "Varying mental and physical experiences in the early follicle phase", "Mostly peak performance during the late follicle phase", "Breakpoint in ovulation" and "Varying mental and physical experiences during the luteal phase". Conclusion: Women of childbearing age seem to experience variations in strength training performance during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Thus, periodizing strength training program, based on the menstrual cycle, might be beneficial.

Lower body explosive power (LBEP) forms a critical component in any individual and team sport performance and it is therefore essential to develop a means of predicting LBEP in adolescents for early identification of future talent in various sporting codes. LBEP is frequently used by athletes during matches or competitions where explosive movements such as jumping, agility running and sprinting are required for successful performance. These movements are usually found in individual sports such as long jump and high jump as well as in team sports such as basketball, volleyball and soccer. To date not much literature is available on LBEP, especially with regard to LBEP prediction models. Furthermore, studies on adolescents are scarce and a LBEP prediction model has not yet been developed for a South African adolescent population. It is against this background that the objectives of this study were firstly, to develop a LBEP prediction model from various physical and motor performance components among a cohort of adolescents living in the Tlokwe local municipality of Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province, South Africa; and secondly, to develop a LBEP prediction model from several anthropometric measurements among a cohort of male and female adolescents living in the Tlokwe local municipality of Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province, South Africa. Two hundred and fourteen (15.8±0.68 years) 15-year-old adolescents (126 females, 88 males) from 6 surrounding schools within the Tlokwe local municipality of Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province of South Africa were purposefully selected from pre-acquired class lists took part in the study. Data was collected by means of various questionnaires as well as anthropometrical, physical and motor performance tests. For representation of LBEP a principal component factor analysis was done and the results indicated that the vertical jump test (VJT) was the best indicator of LBEP in the cohort of adolescents. With regard to the anthropometrical related LBEP prediction model, the forward stepwise regression analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.69. The following variables contributed significantly (p≤0.001) to the anthropometrical LBEP prediction model: stature (57%), muscle mass percentage (10%) and maturity age (3%). The LBEP prediction model that was developed equated to LBEP (vertical jump) = -136.30 + 0.84(stature) + 0.7(muscle mass percentage) + 4.6(maturity age). Variables other than the variables that formed part of the study could explain the further 31% variance in the LBEP of the adolescents. The physical and motor performance LBEP prediction model indicated that gender (39%) and 10 m speed (7%) contributed significantly (p ≤ 0.001) to the overall prediction of the LBEP of the adolescents. The LBEP prediction model delivered a stepwise forward regression analysis coefficient of R2=0.458 and a prediction formula LBEP = 68.21 + 9.82 (gender) – 18.33(10 m speed). The remaining 56% of the variance in the results could be explained by other factors than the variables considered in the study. In conclusion, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study which has made an attempt at developing LBEP prediction models from the anthropometrical, physical and motor performance components of a cohort of adolescents of South Africa. The prediction models developed in the study will assist teachers sport scientists and sporting coaches who have limited resources available, to measure and calculate LBEP in adolescents, with the means to do so in South Africa. Further high quality studies are necessary to further improve and develop such prediction models for various age groups of adolescents in the greater South Africa. / MSc (Sport Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Lower body explosive power (LBEP) forms a critical component in any individual and team sport performance and it is therefore essential to develop a means of predicting LBEP in adolescents for early identification of future talent in various sporting codes. LBEP is frequently used by athletes during matches or competitions where explosive movements such as jumping, agility running and sprinting are required for successful performance. These movements are usually found in individual sports such as long jump and high jump as well as in team sports such as basketball, volleyball and soccer. To date not much literature is available on LBEP, especially with regard to LBEP prediction models. Furthermore, studies on adolescents are scarce and a LBEP prediction model has not yet been developed for a South African adolescent population. It is against this background that the objectives of this study were firstly, to develop a LBEP prediction model from various physical and motor performance components among a cohort of adolescents living in the Tlokwe local municipality of Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province, South Africa; and secondly, to develop a LBEP prediction model from several anthropometric measurements among a cohort of male and female adolescents living in the Tlokwe local municipality of Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province, South Africa. Two hundred and fourteen (15.8±0.68 years) 15-year-old adolescents (126 females, 88 males) from 6 surrounding schools within the Tlokwe local municipality of Dr Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province of South Africa were purposefully selected from pre-acquired class lists took part in the study. Data was collected by means of various questionnaires as well as anthropometrical, physical and motor performance tests. For representation of LBEP a principal component factor analysis was done and the results indicated that the vertical jump test (VJT) was the best indicator of LBEP in the cohort of adolescents. With regard to the anthropometrical related LBEP prediction model, the forward stepwise regression analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.69. The following variables contributed significantly (p≤0.001) to the anthropometrical LBEP prediction model: stature (57%), muscle mass percentage (10%) and maturity age (3%). The LBEP prediction model that was developed equated to LBEP (vertical jump) = -136.30 + 0.84(stature) + 0.7(muscle mass percentage) + 4.6(maturity age). Variables other than the variables that formed part of the study could explain the further 31% variance in the LBEP of the adolescents. The physical and motor performance LBEP prediction model indicated that gender (39%) and 10 m speed (7%) contributed significantly (p ≤ 0.001) to the overall prediction of the LBEP of the adolescents. The LBEP prediction model delivered a stepwise forward regression analysis coefficient of R2=0.458 and a prediction formula LBEP = 68.21 + 9.82 (gender) – 18.33(10 m speed). The remaining 56% of the variance in the results could be explained by other factors than the variables considered in the study. In conclusion, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first study which has made an attempt at developing LBEP prediction models from the anthropometrical, physical and motor performance components of a cohort of adolescents of South Africa. The prediction models developed in the study will assist teachers sport scientists and sporting coaches who have limited resources available, to measure and calculate LBEP in adolescents, with the means to do so in South Africa. Further high quality studies are necessary to further improve and develop such prediction models for various age groups of adolescents in the greater South Africa. / MSc (Sport Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / It is unknown if the Summer Seminar program, which gives rising high school seniors a six-day look at Naval Academy life, has resulted in a more successful midshipman. While not previously discussed in literature, there are an abundance of studies on civilian recruiting and orientation programs, as well as realistic job previews and expectation-lowering procedures. Based on this literature, it is theorized that Summer Seminar program participation will be positively correlated to increased graduation rates and increased academic cumulative quality point ratings, as well as increased military and physical performance. This hypothesis was tested using multiple hierarchical regressions on population data obtained from the Classes of 1997 through 2003. Success is defined using seven dependent variables organized by academic, military, and physical performance. The key independent variable is participation in the Summer Seminar program, while eleven other independent variables control for demographics, selection criteria, and proven indicators of success. Participation in the Summer Seminar program had a significant relation to increased graduation rates, increased academic cumulative quality point ratings, increased military cumulative quality point ratings, and increased physical readiness test scores. This study concludes that the Summer Seminar program makes a unique contribution to midshipman success at the Naval Academy. / Lieutenant, United States Navy