Introduction : Les adolescents avec déficiences physiques en transition vers la vie adulte éprouvent des difficultés à établir une participation sociale optimale. Cette étude explore les retombées d'un programme de cirque social sur la participation sociale de ces jeunes selon leur point de vue et celui de leurs parents. Méthode : Étude qualitative exploratoire d’orientation phénoménologique. Neuf personnes avec déficiences physiques, âgées de 18 et 25 ans, ont participé au programme pendant neuf mois. Données recueillies : perceptions de leur qualité de participation sociale à partir d’entrevues semi-structurées en pré, mi-temps et post-intervention avec les participants et un de leurs parents. Le guide d’entrevue validé est ancré sur le Modèle du développement humain- Processus de production du handicap - 2 (HDM-PPH2). L’enregistrement audio des entretiens a été transcrit en verbatim. Le contenu a été analysé avec le logiciel Nvivo 9 à travers une grille de codage préalablement validée (co-codage, codage-inverse). Résultats : Corpus de 54 entrevues. L’âge moyen des jeunes était de 20,0 ± 1,4 années et de 51 ± 3,6 années pour les parents. Selon tous, la participation sociale des jeunes adultes a été optimisée, surtout sur le plan de la communication, des déplacements, des relations interpersonnelles, des responsabilités et de la vie communautaire. La perception de soi et les habiletés sociales, également améliorées, ont favorisé une plus grande auto-efficacité. Conclusion : Cette étude soutient donc le potentiel du cirque social comme approche novatrice et probante en réadaptation physique pour cette population, et appuie la pertinence d’autres études rigoureuses mesurant les diverses retombées possibles et identifiées. / Introduction: Youth with physical disabilities transitioning to adulthood have great difficulties achieving an optimal social participation. This study explores the impact of a social circus program as a new physical rehabilitation approach on the their perceived social participation level of these young adults based on their experience and on their parent’s perspective. Method: Exploratory phenomenological qualitative design. Nine youth with physical disabilities, aged 18 to 25 years were exposed to the program over nine months. Main outcomes: perception of their social participation level documented through pre, mid-term and post semi-structured interviews held with the young adults and one of their parents. Pre-tested interview guide anchored in the Human Development Model-Disability Creation Process-2 (HDM-DCP2) was used. Interview audio content was transcribed, verbatim analysed with Nvivo 9 software through a validated process (reverse-coding) and coding grid (co-coding). Results: Fifty-four interviews were analyzed. The average age of the youth was 20.0 ± 1.4 years; parents’ mean age was 51.0 ± 3.6 years old. According to all, the youths’ social participation was optimized. The impact has been stronger for the communication, mobility, interpersonal relationships, responsibility and community life categories. The social circus program was reported as strengthening their self-perception and social skills that led to a greater self-determination and self-efficacy. Conclusion: This study supports the potential of a social circus program as a new approach in adult physical rehabilitation for this transitioning population. Future research using mixedmethods design study and standardized outcome measures are needed to ensure greater credibility, sustainability, and knowledge transfer of this innovative approach in rehabilitation towards new populations.

The topic of this thesis is integration of the physically disabled into international exchange projects. By chosing this issue, I would like to point out the importance of integration of physically disadvantaged not only into educational facilities, where the integrated gain knowledge, but also into programs for free-time activities of children and youth and into programs where the informal and enterntaining ways are used. However, in the Czech Republic the integration of physically disadvantaged into schools is elaborated the best, I believe it needs to be attended to in other fields too. Another point I draw attention to in my thesis is the need for free time in a person's life. I specifically mean the free time dedicated to various activities either beneficial to one's health, bringing joy or as a way of relaxation. By the end of my theoretical part I describe the handicap in a persons's life. In the practical part I describe the EU program - Youth in Action, which enables young peope to travel into foreign countires for either short or long term period. This program also provides youth free-time exchanges with the possibilitiy of integrating physically challenged people. I describe what an international exchange involves. There are the demands on participants as well as organizers of the exchanges and...

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas de Almeida Lima - 2011.pdf: 787713 bytes, checksum: 9d4fa1fdcf2f6c61556740302d7ed8c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This trial was realized in the veterinary and animal science school at Universidade Federal de Goias. The objective was to evaluate five diets, four of these diets was composed by ground corn with different fiber sources for each ration and one control treatment with whole corn (MI) without fiber source. The fiber sources used was sugar cane bagass (BIN), industrial corn residue silage (RM), soybean hulls (CS), cotton seed (CA). Five castrated Nellore steers with an average of 195 kg of body weight and with rumen fistulae, were used in this trial. The animals were distributed in individual pen provided of individual covered feeder and water tank for each two animals. Each period spent 19 days, with 10 days for food adaptation and nine days for collect of data. During the interval of collects were evaluated: feed behavior, ruminal pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, short chain of fatty acids, total counting of protozoa, fecal pH, total digestibility and dry mater, crude protein (PB), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (FDN) and acid detergent fiber (FDA) intakes. Latin square and Duncan test for 5% of probability were used for statistical analysis. The treatment BIN had the highest dry matter intake, although CA had the lowest value. The ether extract intake was highest for MI treatment, followed by CA and the CS had the lowest value. The highest values for FDN and FDA intakes were in treatment BIN. It was observed some rejection of cotton seed by the animals. The values for total digestibility for CA, RM, BIN, CS and MI treatments were 68.50; 66.19; 65.87; 64.20 e 56.15. The treatment CA showed greater DMD than CS (P<0.05). The treatments RM and BIN spent more time for ruminating and chewing activity. The value of ruminal pH in treatment BIN was greater than RM and CS (P<0.05). The treatments MI and CA weren´t different from RM and CS (P>0.05). In protozoa counting the highest numbers were observed for CS and BIN treatments. Although the lowest numbers for protozoa counting was founded for CA. Animal differences were noted in protozoa counting. The highest values for total short chain fatty acids were founded for CS, that was the same of RM (P>0.05), although BIN, MI and CA had the lowest value. Highest xiv values for propionate and acetate were found in CS treatment. The acetate:propionate ratios were higher in BIN, but for the others treatments the value didn´t differed between them (P>0.05). Butyrate, ammonia nitrogen and fecal pH any differences were found (P>0.05). It was concluded that sugar cane bagasse was the fiber source that keep a good result for ruminal pH, protozoa counting, dry matter intake and the total digestibility wasn´t different from the others. According to that we can conclude that sugar cane bagasse showed more efficient than the others fiber sources in the tested levels. / O objetivo deste ensaio foi avaliar cinco dietas, sendo quatro delas compostas por milho moído fino e com fontes distintas de fibra para cada ração e um tratamento com milho inteiro (MI). As fontes de fibras utilizadas foram: 1) bagaço de cana in natura (BIN); 2) resíduo de milho verde (RM); 3) casca de soja (CS) e 4) caroço de algodão (CA). Foram utilizados cinco animais castrados da raça Nelore, com peso médio de 195 kg e com fístula ruminal. Os animais foram distribuídos em baias individuais cobertas dotadas de comedouros individuais e bebedouros para cada duas baias. O período experimental teve duração de dezenove dias com dez dias de adaptação e nove dias de coletas. Durante o intervalo de coletas foram avaliados o comportamento ingestivo, o pH ruminal, o nitrogênio amoniacal, os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, a contagem total de protozoários ruminais, o pH fecal, a digestibilidade no trato total, bem como o consumo de MS, PB, EE, FDN e FDA. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 5x5 e para comparações de médias foi utilizados o teste Duncan a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento BIN teve maior CMS que RM, CS e CA (P<0,05). O consumo de EE do tratamento MI foi maior que CS e RM (P<0,05), porém não diferiu de CA (P>0,05). O maior consumo de FDN foi para o tratamento BIN. O consumo de FDA foram maiores para BIN e RM. Observou-se certa rejeição do caroço de algodão pelos animais, comprovado pelo menor consumo de FDN e FDA no tratamento CA (P<0,05) se igualando ao controle MI (P>0,05). O tratamento CA apresentou uma maior DMS que CS (P<0,05), enquanto que os demais tratamentos não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). Quanto ao comportamento ingestivo, os tratamentos RM e BIN foram os que obtiveram os maiores tempos de atividade mastigatória (p<0,05). O tratamento BIN teve um maior tempo de ruminação que os tratamentos CS e CA (P<0,05). Os valores de pH ruminal para BIN foi maior que RM e CS (P<0,05), porém, não diferiu de MI e CA (P>0,05). Os tratamentos MI e CA não diferiram de RM e CS (P>0,05), quanto ao pH ruminal. Na contagem de protozoários os maiores números foram observados pelos tratamentos CS (P<0,05). Enquanto que o menor número de protozoários foi encontrado no tratamento CA (P<0,05). Houve influência do xii animal nos resultados de contagem de protozoários. Os maiores valores para os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta totais foram encontrados para o tratamento CS, que não diferiu de RM, enquanto que BIN, MI e Ca tiveram as menores produções de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta totais. Foi em CS que encontrou maiores valores de propionato e acetato. Quanto à relação acetato: propionato foi maior para BIN, enquanto que para os demais tratamentos não houve diferença entre si (P>0,05). Quanto ao butirato, ao nitrogênio amoniacal e ao pH fecal não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Conclui-se que o bagaço de cana foi a fonte de fibra que conseguiu manter um bom valor de pH, de contagem de protozoários, além de maior consumo de matéria seca e digestibilidade semelhante aos demais tratamentos. Portanto nos níveis testados o tratamento BIN se mostrou igual ao controle MI, no entanto foi mais eficiente quando comparado das demais fontes de fibras.

On peut atteindre des images réalistes par la simulation du transport lumineuse avec des méthodes de Monte-Carlo. La possibilité d’utiliser des sources de lumière réalistes pour synthétiser les images contribue grandement à leur réalisme physique. Parmi les modèles existants, ceux basés sur des cartes d’environnement ou des champs lumineuse sont attrayants en raison de leur capacité à capter fidèlement les effets de champs lointain et de champs proche, aussi bien que leur possibilité d’être acquis directement. Parce que ces sources lumineuses acquises ont des fréquences arbitraires et sont éventuellement de grande dimension (4D), leur utilisation pour un rendu réaliste conduit à des problèmes de performance.Dans ce manuscrit, je me concentre sur la façon d’équilibrer la précision de la représentation et de l’efficacité de la simulation. Mon travail repose sur la génération des échantillons de haute qualité à partir des sources de lumière par des estimateurs de Monte-Carlo non-biaisés. Dans ce manuscrit, nous présentons trois nouvelles méthodes.La première consiste à générer des échantillons de haute qualité de manière efficace à partir de cartes d’environnement dynamiques (i.e. qui changent au cours du temps). Nous y parvenons en adoptant une approche GPU qui génère des échantillons de lumière grâce à une approximation du facteur de forme et qui combine ces échantillons avec ceux issus de la BRDF pour chaque pixel d’une image. Notre méthode est précise et efficace. En effet, avec seulement 256 échantillons par pixel, nous obtenons des résultats de haute qualité en temps réel pour une résolution de 1024 × 768. La seconde est une stratégie d’échantillonnage adaptatif pour des sources représente comme un "light field". Nous générons des échantillons de haute qualité de manière efficace en limitant de manière conservative la zone d’échantillonnage sans réduire la précision. Avec une mise en oeuvre sur GPU et sans aucun calcul de visibilité, nous obtenons des résultats de haute qualité avec 200 échantillons pour chaque pixel, en temps réel et pour une résolution de 1024×768. Le rendu est encore être interactif, tant que la visibilité est calculée en utilisant notre nouvelle technique de carte d’ombre (shadow map). Nous proposons également une approche totalement non-biaisée en remplaçant le test de visibilité avec une approche CPU. Parce que l’échantillonnage d’importance à base de lumière n’est pas très efficace lorsque le matériau sous-jacent de la géométrie est spéculaire, nous introduisons une nouvelle technique d’équilibrage pour de l’échantillonnage multiple (Multiple Importance Sampling). Cela nous permet de combiner d’autres techniques d’échantillonnage avec le notre basé sur la lumière. En minimisant la variance selon une approximation de second ordre, nous sommes en mesure de trouver une bonne représentation entre les différentes techniques d’échantillonnage sans aucune connaissance préalable. Notre méthode est pertinence, puisque nous réduisons effectivement en moyenne la variance pour toutes nos scènes de test avec différentes sources de lumière, complexités de visibilité et de matériaux. Notre méthode est aussi efficace par le fait que le surcoût de notre approche «boîte noire» est constant et représente 1% du processus de rendu dans son ensemble. / Realistic images can be rendered by simulating light transport with Monte Carlo techniques. The possibility to use realistic light sources for synthesizing images greatly contributes to their physical realism. Among existing models, the ones based on environment maps and light fields are attractive due to their ability to capture faithfully the far-field and near-field effects as well as their possibility of being acquired directly. Since acquired light sources have arbitrary frequencies and possibly high dimension (4D), using such light sources for realistic rendering leads to performance problems.In this thesis, we focus on how to balance the accuracy of the representation and the efficiency of the simulation. Our work relies on generating high quality samples from the input light sources for unbiased Monte Carlo estimation. In this thesis, we introduce three novel methods.The first one is to generate high quality samples efficiently from dynamic environment maps that are changing over time. We achieve this by introducing a GPU approach that generates light samples according to an approximation of the form factor and combines the samples from BRDF sampling for each pixel of a frame. Our method is accurate and efficient. Indeed, with only 256 samples per pixel, we achieve high quality results in real time at 1024 × 768 resolution. The second one is an adaptive sampling strategy for light field light sources (4D), we generate high quality samples efficiently by restricting conservatively the sampling area without reducing accuracy. With a GPU implementation and without any visibility computations, we achieve high quality results with 200 samples per pixel in real time at 1024 × 768 resolution. The performance is still interactive as long as the visibility is computed using our shadow map technique. We also provide a fully unbiased approach by replacing the visibility test with a offline CPU approach. Since light-based importance sampling is not very effective when the underlying material of the geometry is specular, we introduce a new balancing technique for Multiple Importance Sampling. This allows us to combine other sampling techniques with our light-based importance sampling. By minimizing the variance based on a second-order approximation, we are able to find good balancing between different sampling techniques without any prior knowledge. Our method is effective, since we actually reduce in average the variance for all of our test scenes with different light sources, visibility complexity, and materials. Our method is also efficient, by the fact that the overhead of our "black-box" approach is constant and represents 1% of the whole rendering process.

The problem with which this study is concerned is to determine if the System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI), which is a computer-based career guidance system that is employed with non-handicapped individuals, can be adapted to serve the needs of physically handicapped individuals. One hundred forty eight career and guidance professionals responded to a survey instrument, which was designed by the investigator, indicating their perceptions of the limiting effects of twelve specified handicapping conditions on the SIGI-programmed occupations. These respondents also listed their specific occupations, average time spent in career counseling with each handicapped individual, resources used in career counseling, incidence of use of SIGI, and opinions of needed changes to SIGI to make it a viable instrument in counseling the handicapped.

This thesis deals with hippotherapy and its position in the system of general physiotherapy. The aim of this thesis was to compile a comprehensive overview of hipotherapeutic centers in the Czech Republic and to define their position in the system of general physiotherapy. Due to the established objectives was selected qualitative research along with the use of quantitative research methods. Using the secondary data analysis and interviews were collected information about the facilities providing hippophysiotherapy in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of all centers in the Czech Republic which are engaged in some individual disciplines of hipophysiotherapy.

Amputation is the traumatic or surgical loss of one or more limbs. Amputation causes physical, psychological and social damages which result in a decrease in quality of life (QV). Sports have been considered important tools for rehabilitation and social integration of amputees. The aim of this research was to assess quality of life, occupational performance, muscle strength and range of motion of adults with lower limb amputation athlete and non-athlete. The sample consisted of 45 amputees, divided into two groups: Athlete (GE, n = 23) and non-Athlete (GNE, n = 22). The collection was made in the cities of Curitiba, Aracaju and Maceió on December 2013, January and March of 2014. The tools used were The Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the goniometry, and the Kendall´s muscle strength test. The tests Shapiro-Wilk, chi-squared and Mann-Whiney (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. The quality of life variable showed significant differences in all eight areas tested: functioning, role limitations due to mental health emotional bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, and between the groups, with the GE presented the best results, indicating better quality of life that the GNE. The Athlete group showed significant higher rates in occupational performance, muscle strength (flexor and extensor muscles of the hip) and range of motion (flexion and hip abduction). Therefore, it was concluded that there was a higher quality of life, occupational performance, muscle strength and range of motion for amputees who practice any sport. / Amputação consiste na perda ou remoção total ou parcial de um ou mais membros, de forma traumática ou cirúrgica, acarretando danos físicos, psicológicos e/ou sociais, que resultam em redução da qualidade de vida (QV). O esporte tem sido apontado como relevante ferramenta para a reabilitação e reintegração social de indivíduos amputados. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a qualidade de vida, desempenho ocupacional, força muscular e amplitude de movimento de adultos com amputação dos membros inferiores praticantes e não praticantes de esportes. A amostra foi constituída por 45 amputados, divididos em dois grupos: Esportista (GE, n = 23) e Não Esportista (GNE, n = 22). A coleta foi realizada em Curitiba, Aracaju e Maceió, no período de dezembro/2013, janeiro e março de 2014. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), a Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM), a goniometria e o teste de força muscular de Kendall. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, qui-quadrado, T de Student e de Mann-Whitney (p < 0.05). Para a variável qualidade de vida, houve diferença significante em todos os oito domínios da avaliação SF-36: capacidade funcional, limitação por aspectos físicos, dor, estado geral de saúde, vitalidade, aspectos sociais, emocional e saúde mental entre os grupos, tendo o GE apresentado os melhores resultados, indicando melhor qualidade de vida que o GNE. O GE apresentou índices significantemente mais elevados de desempenho ocupacional, força muscular (para os músculos flexores e extensores do quadril) e amplitude de movimento (para flexão e abdução do quadril). Concluiu-se, portanto, que houve maior qualidade de vida, desempenho ocupacional, força muscular e amplitude de movimento para amputados que praticam alguma modalidade esportiva.

Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T20:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Madeira_PauloHenriquedeAraujo_M.pdf: 5298392 bytes, checksum: 05f68847570423d7d13072c10b061a19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Há uma parcela da população que, por possuir severas limitações físicas e motoras, é inapta a utilizar cadeiras de rodas convencionais, manuais ou elétricas, bem como dispositivos de interface que não consideram as suas características particulares. Deste modo, este trabalho possui foco no desenvolvimento de interfaces e sistemas de navegação para cadeiras de rodas, provendo soluções para a inclusão deste grupo de usuários. Para isto, a revisão bibliográfica envolve três aspectos: as interfaces para usuários, os sistemas de navegação e a integração entre ambos. Primeiramente localiza-se a interface como parte da relação entre usuário e tarefa, para posteriormente restringir-se a interfaces para portadores de severas limitações físicas. Reconhecendo que determinados tipos de limitações de usuários demandam sistemas de navegação, estes são descritos na forma de exemplos de implementações. A revisão bibliográfica conclui com a descrição de métodos para a integração entre interface, navegação e controle da cadeira de rodas. Com base nesta pesquisa bibliográfica, desenvolveu-se um protocolo de integração e três tipos interfaces: controle de voz, filtragem do sinal de joystick para usuários com dificuldade em posicionar a mão, e controle por contrações musculares. A interface de reconhecimento de voz permitiu obter dois protótipos: um primeiro que utiliza um software comercial e um segundo em microcontrolador. A interface de filtragem do sinal do joystick foi prototipada virtualmente, demonstrando a resposta deste filtro a diferentes distúrbios. A interface que utiliza controle por contrações musculares foi implementada em protótipo funcional, por meio de um microcontrolador, e modularizada por meio do protocolo de integração desenvolvido. Este protocolo de integração foi testado em um kit de motorização com os módulos joystick, interface por contrações musculares e sonar, permitindo alternar, remover e inserir módulos sem a necessidade de reprogramação / Abstract: There is a part of population, with physical impairment, that cannot use conventional manual or powered wheelchair and kinds of interface with do not consider they own characteristics. To solve this problem, this work does a bibliographic review on wheelchair interfaces and navigation support, alloying development on solutions for inclusion of this users group. The bibliographic review embraces three aspects: interfaces and users, navigation support systems, and integration between navigation and interfaces. The first chapter, interfaces and users, localizes the interface as an medium between user and task, allowing to be more focused on next chapter: interfaces for wheelchair uses with severe impairment level. Recognizing about in some kind¿s of user impairment levels an adequate interface is not enough, navigation support systems are described. The bibliographic review concludes with a description about integration methods for interfaces, navigation support and wheelchair control. Based on this bibliographic review, an integration protocol and three interfaces have developed: voice control, joystick filtering for users with difficult on hand positioning, and muscular contraction control. The voice recognition interface allows creating two prototypes: one with commercial software, and a second using embedded microcontroller on wheelchair. The joystick filtering interface was virtually prototyped allowing response tests for different noisy sources. The muscular contraction interface has implemented as functional prototyping, by a microcontroller, and modularized by the developed modularization protocol. This protocol has tested in a wheelchair motorization kit with joystick, muscular contraction interface and auxiliary sonar modules, allowing inserting or removing then without any reprogramming needs / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Focus of this master's thesis is a study of modern techniques in computer graphics and designing and developing custom application based on which could be developed new game engine. In this thesis are highlighted techniques for creating large terrains, advanced shadows, physically based sky rendering and drawing large set of objects. Finally, performance testing of these modules is performed.

This dissertation thesis focuses on the philosophical aspects of the relationship of Man toward the city. The main methods of the work are interpretation of texts connected with the city and a philosophically inspired analysis of the bond of Man with the city as a space and time constructed, inhabited and shared by humans, and with its experienced phenomena. First of all it presents the method by which the theme of the city has been dealt with by scholars from the field of philosophy and other social sciences. We find the theme of the city in the works of a whole range of philosophers: For example, it served J. A. Comenius as a symbol of human situation in life, Michel Foucault as a point of departure for his political-philosophical analysis of power, and Emmanuel Lévinas for his discourse on culpability, punishment and responsibility. In order to understand the phenomenon of the city, observations from sociologists, architects, town planners and historians of architecture are also important. Moreover, in their works it is possible to find overlaps into philosophical thought, for example Bernard Lepetit contributes to the theme of the temporality of the city with the concept of the "trace", whilst Jan Gehl, through his discourse on the perception of environment and the challenge of applying a human...