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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Armazenamento e viabilidade de sementes de catanduva (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth). / Storage and viability of catanduva seeds (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth)

Benedito, Clarisse Pereira 28 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissePB_DISSERT.pdf: 876109 bytes, checksum: 2b9b6e9c81e4877788386a95342c3ee2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aimed to evaluate the viability of catanduva seeds of stored for two hundred and ten days in controlled environmental and uncontrolled environmental conditions (laboratory room) they were stored in plastic bags, paper bags and glass container. The experimental design was completely randomized in a sub-divided plot, where the main plot was the storage conditions (laboratory and controlled environment) and sub-plots consisting of packaging (plastic bag, paper bag and glass container) and sub-plots consisting of storage times (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days). The tests were carried out in laboratory and greenhouse. In the laboratory the percentage of germination and rate of germination speed was evaluated every 10 days. In the greenhouse seedling emergence, seedling height, root length and dry weight of seedlings was evaluated every 30 days. The viability of catanduva seeds decreased for being stored for a period of 210 days. The catanduva seeds (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth) can be packed either in glass container or plastic bags without loss of their physiological potential, and the controlled environment is the most appropriate for the storage of those seeds. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de catanduva armazenadas por 210 dias, em ambiente controlado e condição ambiental não controlada (sala de laboratório), acondicionadas em saco plástico, saco de papel e frasco de vidro. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela sub-subdividida, onde a parcela principal foram os ambientes (laboratório e ambiente controlado) e as sub-parcelas constituídas das embalagens (saco plástico, saco de papel e vidro) e as sub-subparcelas constituída dos tempos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 e 210 dias). Os ensaios foram realizados em laboratório e em casa de vegetação. Em laboratório foi avaliado a cada 10 dias a porcentagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação. Na casa de vegetação a cada 30 dias foi avaliada emergência de plântulas, altura de plântulas, comprimento de raiz e peso seco de plântulas. A viabilidade das sementes de catanduva decresceu em função do tempo de armazenamento durante 210 dias. As sementes de catanduva (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth) podem ser acondicionadas tanto em embalagem de vidro quanto em sacos plásticos sem perda do seu potencial fisiológico, sendo o ambiente controlado o mais adequado.
2

Armazenamento e viabilidade de sementes de catanduva (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth). / Storage and viability of catanduva seeds (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth)

Benedito, Clarisse Pereira 28 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissePB_DISSERT.pdf: 876109 bytes, checksum: 2b9b6e9c81e4877788386a95342c3ee2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aimed to evaluate the viability of catanduva seeds of stored for two hundred and ten days in controlled environmental and uncontrolled environmental conditions (laboratory room) they were stored in plastic bags, paper bags and glass container. The experimental design was completely randomized in a sub-divided plot, where the main plot was the storage conditions (laboratory and controlled environment) and sub-plots consisting of packaging (plastic bag, paper bag and glass container) and sub-plots consisting of storage times (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days). The tests were carried out in laboratory and greenhouse. In the laboratory the percentage of germination and rate of germination speed was evaluated every 10 days. In the greenhouse seedling emergence, seedling height, root length and dry weight of seedlings was evaluated every 30 days. The viability of catanduva seeds decreased for being stored for a period of 210 days. The catanduva seeds (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth) can be packed either in glass container or plastic bags without loss of their physiological potential, and the controlled environment is the most appropriate for the storage of those seeds. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de catanduva armazenadas por 210 dias, em ambiente controlado e condição ambiental não controlada (sala de laboratório), acondicionadas em saco plástico, saco de papel e frasco de vidro. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela sub-subdividida, onde a parcela principal foram os ambientes (laboratório e ambiente controlado) e as sub-parcelas constituídas das embalagens (saco plástico, saco de papel e vidro) e as sub-subparcelas constituída dos tempos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 e 210 dias). Os ensaios foram realizados em laboratório e em casa de vegetação. Em laboratório foi avaliado a cada 10 dias a porcentagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação. Na casa de vegetação a cada 30 dias foi avaliada emergência de plântulas, altura de plântulas, comprimento de raiz e peso seco de plântulas. A viabilidade das sementes de catanduva decresceu em função do tempo de armazenamento durante 210 dias. As sementes de catanduva (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth) podem ser acondicionadas tanto em embalagem de vidro quanto em sacos plásticos sem perda do seu potencial fisiológico, sendo o ambiente controlado o mais adequado.
3

Purifica??o, caracteriza??o e an?lise da atividade bioinseticida, de um inibidor de tripsina em sementes de catanduva (Piptadenia moniliformis)

Cruz, Ana Celly Bezerra 20 October 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCBC.pdf: 1320381 bytes, checksum: 881b82ecb0df2b87414957a1e02761bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-20 / One Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (PmTI) was purified from Piptadenia moniliformis seeds, a tree of the sub-family Mimosoideae, by TCA precipitation, affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin-Sepharose, DEAE cellulose (ion exchange) and Superose 12 (molecular exclusion) column FPLC/AKTA. The inhibitor has Mr of 25 kDa by SDS-PAGE and chromatography molecular exclusion. The N-terminal sequence of this inhibitor showed high homology with other family Kunitz inhibitors. This also stable variations in temperature and pH and showed a small decrease in its activity when incubated with DDT in the concentration of 100mM for 120 minutes. The inhibition of trypsin by PmTI was competitive, with Ki of 1.57 x10-11 M. The activity of trypsin was effectively inhibited by percentage of inhibition of 100%, among enzymes tested, was not detected inhibition for the bromelain, was weak inhibitor of pancreatic elastase (3.17% of inhibition) and inhibited by 76.42% elastase of neutrophils, and inhibited in a moderate, chymotrypsin and papain with percentage of inhibition of 42.96% and 23.10% respectively. In vitro assays against digestive proteinases from Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera pests were carried out. Several degrees of inhibition were found. For Anthonomus grandis and Ceratitis capitata the inhibition was 89.93% and 70.52%, respectively, and the enzymes of Zabrotes subfasciatus and Callosobruchus maculatus were inhibited by 5.96% and 9.41%, respectively, and the enzymes of Plodia. interpunctella and Castnia licus were inhibited by 59.94% and 23.67, respectively. In vivo assays, was observed reduction in the development of larvae in 4rd instar of C. capitata, when PmTI was added to the artificial diet, getting WD50 and LD50 of 0.30% and 0.33%, respectively. These results suggest that this inhibitor could be a strong candidate to plant management programs cross transgenic / Um inibidor de tripsina da fam?lia Kunitz (PmTI) foi purificado de sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis, uma ?rvore da sub-fam?lia Mimosoideae, atrav?s da precipita??o com ?cido tricloroac?tico (TCA), cromatografia de afinidade com tripsina acoplada em sepharose, coluna DEAE- celulose(troca i?nica) e Superose 12 (exclus?o molecular) em sistema FPLC/AKTA. O inibidor possui massa molecular de 25 kDa como confirmado atrav?s de SDS-PAGE e cromatografia de exclus?o molecular. A seq??ncia do N-terminal deste inibidor mostrou alta homologia com outros inibidores da fam?lia Kunitz. Este tamb?m ? est?vel as varia??es de temperatura e pH, e apresentou um pequeno decr?scimo na sua atividade quando incubado com DTT na concentra??o de 100 mM por 120 minutos. A inibi??o da tripsina foi do tipo competitiva com Ki de 1,57x10-11 mM. A atividade da tripsina foi inibida efetivamente com percentual de inibi??o de 100%, entre as outras enzimas testadas n?o foi detectada inibi??o para a bromela?na, foi fracamente inibidor da elastase pancre?tica (3,17% de inibi??o), inibiu em 76,42% elastase de neutr?filos, inibiu de forma moderada quimotripsina e papa?na com percentual de inibi??o de 42,96% e 23,10%, respectivamente. Ensaios in vitro foram realizados com as proteinases digestivas de Lepid?ptera, Cole?ptera e D?ptera. V?rios graus de inibi??o foram encontrados. Para Anthonomus grandis e Ceratitis capitata a inibi??o foi de 89,93% e 70,52%, respectivamente, e as enzimas de Zabrotes subfasciatus e Callosobruchus maculatus foram inibidas com percentuais de 5,96% e 9,41% respectivamente, e as enzimas de Plodia interpunctella e Castnia licus foram inibidas com percentuais de 59,94% e 23,67%, respectivamente. No ensaio in vivo, foi observada redu??o no desenvolvimento de larvas em 4? ?nstar de C. capitata, quando PmTI foi adicionado ? dieta artificial, obtendo WD50 de 0,30% e LD50 0,33% . Estes resultados sugerem que este inibidor possa ser um forte candidato para programas de melhoramentos de plantas via transgenia
4

ProspecÃÃo nutricional e bioativa de sementes de dez espÃcies vegetais da caatinga / Nutritional and bioactive exploration seeds of Ten Plant Species of Caatinga

GeÃrgia Sampaio Fernandes 12 April 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A Caatinga possui uma vegetaÃÃo heterogÃnea cuja biodiversidade taxonÃmica conta com mais de 2.000 espÃcies de plantas. Dentre essas, cerca de 220 pertencem à famÃlia das leguminosas com 80 espÃcies endÃmicas, Ãnicas desse bioma. Muitas sÃo usadas para diversas finalidades de forma indiscriminada, reduzindo consideravelmente a diversidade e o nÃmero de espÃcies antes mesmo do conhecimento de suas potencialidades. Estudos que possam agregar valor econÃmico e viabilizar o uso racional, sustentÃvel e a conservaÃÃo das mesmas, aliada à constante busca por novas fontes de proteÃnas vegetais para atender à demanda crescente da populaÃÃo, bem como a grande necessidade de descoberta de compostos naturais que auxiliem no combate aos patÃgenos humanos e de plantas, sÃo de extrema relevÃncia. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial nutricional e bioativo de sementes de dez espÃcies vegetais da Caatinga destacando a espÃcie mais promissora. Para tanto, dez espÃcies de leguminosas selvagens da Caatinga foram analisadas quanto a sua composiÃÃo nutricional, apresentando elevado percentual de proteÃna bruta (10,9  0,4 a 50,0  3,4 %), fibras (0,8  0,0 a 52,3 Â1,0 %) e energia (1.000 a 1.804 kJ/100g), com perfil de aminoÃcidos comparÃveis aos da soja, com maiores teores de lisina (1088 a 456 mg/gN) e histidina (199 a 918 mg/gN) e bom perfil de minerais por apreentar boas quantidades de (mg/100g de farinha) de todos eles, em especial, de ferro (3,8 a 20,2), cÃlcio (31 a 268), magnÃsio (102 a 244) e potÃssio (366 a 1.581). As sementes apresentaram baixas quantidades de lectinas (80 a 2.560 e 160 a 2.560 UH/gF, quando nÃo tratadas e tratadas com enzimas, respectivamente), inibidores de tripsina (4,1  0,4 a 27,4  0,2 gTI/mgF ), ureases (465  13 a 47.178  3.351 U/KgF) e atividade tÃxica, em apenas trÃs espÃcies, com DL50 variando de 0,72  0,03 a 1,12  0,04 g/Kg peso. Foi determinado um Ãndice de qualidade nutricional para todas as espÃcies, o qual apontou a espÃcie Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. (Catanduva) como detentora de melhor qualidade nutricional, sendo assim destacada e avaliada in vivo a qualidade das proteÃnas de suas sementes. Os processamentos tÃrmicos (fervura, cozimento em micro-ondas e autoclavagen) e o processo de extraÃÃo de -galactosÃdios nas sementes dessas espÃcies nÃo proporcionaram bom desempenho dos animais, tendo em vista a perda de peso apresentada. Melhoria nos parÃmetros nutricionais, como NPU e VB foi verificada apÃs a retirada de -galactosÃdios dessas sementes, sugerindo que a anÃlise de outros processamentos para o aproveitamento das proteÃnas de suas sementes, pode tornÃ-las uma fonte promissora. AlÃm do alto potencial nutricional, as dez espÃcies apresentam tambÃm potencial bioativo devido à presenÃa de metabÃlitos secundÃrios como alcalÃides, catequinas, calchonas, auronas, flavonÃis, fenÃis flavonas, xantonas, flavononÃis, saponinas e triterpenÃides. Possuem proteÃnas bioativas como proteases, quitinases (0,23  0,02 a 2,0  0,33 nKat/mgP), β-1,3-glucanases (0,01  0,0 a 0,8  0,01 nKat/mgP), alÃm de proteÃnas ativas contra microorganismos que tambÃm sÃo consideradas antinutricionais (lectinas, inibidores de tripsina, ureases e toxinas). A avaliaÃÃo dos extratos brutos (EB) das espÃcies mostrou que todas sÃo ativas contra larvas de Aedes aegipty com percentual de mortalidade variando de 13,33  0,54 a 100,00  0,00 %, exceto o EB de Caesalpinea bracteosa que foi ativo contra a cepa Bacillus subtilis e contra o fungo Fusarium oxysporum, juntamente como o EB de Dioclea megacarpa. A espÃcie Senna rugosa inibiu o crescimento das cepas Bacillus subtilis e Staphylococcus aureus. Os fungos fitopatogÃnicos Aspergilus niger e Colletotrichum truncatum foram inibidos pelos EBs de Piptadenia moniliformis e Enterolobium contortisiliquum, que alÃm destes, foi ativo frente a Neurospora sp. e Trichoderma viridae. A espÃcie P. moniliformis destacou-se por sua elevada atividade quitinÃsica (1,12  0,0 nKat/mgP) em adiÃÃo à atuaÃÃo contra modelos biolÃgicos susceptÃveis a essa enzima, tendo sido escolhida para sua purificaÃÃo. A fraÃÃo proteica purificada de P. moniliformis (PmFP) contÃm elevada atividade de quitinases e causou pequena reduÃÃo no crescimento das leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Candida tropicalis, bem como da bactÃria B. subtilis. Inibiu ainda, a eclosÃo de ovos de A. aegypti com CI50 de 204, 42  2,19 ÂgP/ml e alterou a estrutura dos ovos e morfologia das larvas de primeiro estÃdio. A investigaÃÃo do potencial nutricional e bioativo das espÃcies mostrou boa composiÃÃo de nutrientes, em especial de proteÃnas e confirmou a presenÃa de compostos bioativos de natureza proteica e de metabÃlitos secundÃrios, tornando-as promissoras fontes de nutrientes e compostos antimicrobianos e anti-inseticidas que podem ser utilizados biotecnologicamente para fins agrÃcolas e industriais / The Caatinga Biome shows an heterogeneous vegetation with a taxonomic biodiversity of over 2,000 species of plants. Among these, approximately 220 belong to the Leguminosae family with 80 endemic species, unique to that biome. Many are used for various purposes in an indiscriminate manner, greatly reducing the variety and number of species even before the knowledge of their potential uses. Studies that can add economic value and enable the rational, sustainable use of these species, coupled with the constant search for new sources of plant protein to meet the ever increasing demand of the population are extremely important. Similarly important is the search for natural compounds which may help to combat human and plant pathogens. Thus, this study aimed to assess the nutritional and bioactive value of the seeds of ten plant species from Caatinga, highlighting the most promising ones. For this, the seeds were analyzed for nutritional composition, showing a high percentage of crude protein (10.9  0.4 to 50.0  3.4%), dietary fiber (0.8  0 , 0 to 52.3  1.0%) and energy (1,000 kJ/100g a1.804), with amino acid profile similar to that of soybeans, with higher amounts of lysine (1088-456 mg/gN) and histidine (199-918 mg/gN) and good mineral profile, with good content (mg/100 g flour) for all of them, especially, iron (3.8 to 20.2), calcium (31 to 268), magnesium (102-244) and potassium ( 366-1581). The seeds showed low amounts of lectins (80-2560 and 160-2560 UH / gF, when untreated and treated with enzymes, respectively), trypsin inhibitor (4.1  0.4 to 27.4  0.2 GTI / mgF), urease (465  13 to 47,178  3,351 U / KGF) and toxic activity in only three species, with LD50 ranging from 0.72  0.03 to 1.12  0.04 g / kg body weight . Was given an index of nutritional quality for all species, which pointed to Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. species (Catanduva) as the most promising one and because of that the seeds of this species was had the quality of its proteins evaluated in vivo. The thermal processing (boiling, microwave cooking and autoclaving) as well as the removal of α-galactosides did not improve animals performance. The nutritional parameters NPU and BV were improved when the animals were fed the seeds diet after removal of the α-galactosides. This may indicate that the search for apropriate processing methods may turn these seeds a promising source of proteins. Besides the high nutritional potential, the seeds of the ten studied species also have bioactive potential due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, catechins, calchonas, Auron, flavonols, flavones phenols, xanthones, flavononols, saponins and triterpenoids. These seeds also have bioactive proteins such as proteases, chitinases (0.23  0.02 to 2.0  0.33 nkat / mg P), β-1,3-glucanase (0.01  0.0 to 0.8  0, 01 nkat / mg P), and proteins active against microorganisms that are also considered antinutritional factors (lectins, trypsin inhibitors, urease and toxins). The evaluation of the crude extracts (CE) of the seeds showed that all species are active against the larvae of Aedes aegipti with mortality rates ranging from 13.33  0.54 to 100.00  0.00%, except that of Caesalpinea bracteosa which similarly to the CE of Dioclea megacarpa, was active against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Seeds extract of Senna rugosa species was able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum truncatum were inhibited by the CE of Piptadenia moniliformis and Enterolobium contortisiliquum. The latter was also active against Neurospora sp. and Trichoderma viridae. The species P. moniliformis was distinguished for its high chitinase activity (1.12  0.0 nkat / mg P) in addition to its activity against biological models susceptible to this enzyme. For these reasons attempts were made for its purification. The purified protein fraction of P. moniliformis (PmFP) contains high activity of chitinases and caused a small reduction in the growth of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis, and of the the bacterium B. subtilis. This protein fraction also inhibits the hatching of A. aegypti eggs with IC50 of 204. 42  2.19 μgP / ml. It causes changes in the eggs structure and in the morphology of first stage larvae. Thus, investigation of bioactive and nutritional potential of the species showed good composition of nutrients, especially of proteins, and confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds from protein nature and secondary metabolites, making them promising sources of nutrients, antimicrobial and insecticides that can biotechnologically be used for agricultural and industrial purposes.

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