Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar comparativamente o programa de traçado cefalométrico computadorizado Radiocef 2.O, quanto à confiabilidade e precisão, em relação ao método de traçado manual e ao programa Dentofacial Planner 7.02. A amostra constou de 50 radiografias cefalométricas laterais de boa qualidade, recentemente obtidas, pertencentes à clínica de pós-graduação da disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, da Universidade de São Paulo, de pacientes de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária compreendida entre 11 e 24 anos de idade, constituindo exemplares de diferentes tipos de má oclusão. As radiografias compuseram 4 grupos experimentais, de acordo com a forma de medição executada: Grupo 1) método manual; Grupo 2) a partir da digitalização dos traçados no programa Radiocef 2.0; Grupo 3) a partir da digitalização das radiografias no programa Radiocef 2.0; e Grupo 4) a partir da digitalização dos pontos cefalométricos no programa Dentofacial Planner 7.02. Para compor as medições, foram selecionadas medidas angulares e lineares. Os testes estatísticos empregados foram a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, para a comparação inter-grupos. Os resultados inter-grupos mostraram-se comparáveis, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes, ao nível de 5%. Tais resultados levaram às seguintes conclusões: 1a) o programa de traçado cefalométrico computadorizado Radiocef 2.O pode ser confiavelmente utilizado como recurso auxiliar no diagnóstico, plano de tratamento, acompanhamento e avaliação de tratamentos ortodônticos, nos âmbitos clínico e/ou de pesquisa; 2a) este programa também pode ser confiavelmente utilizado para efetuar medições a partir da digitalização dos traçados, além da forma proposta pelo fabricante. / The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the cephalometric software namely Radiocef 2.0, regarding reliability and precision, as compared to the conventional manual tracing and measuring procedures, and to the software Dentofacial Planner 7.02. The sample consisted of 50 good quality lateral head films from patients of both gender at the 11 to 24-year age range belonging to the files of the orthodontic graduate clinic at Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo. The radiographs were traced and measured by different methodologies generating four groups as follows: Group 1) the radiographs were manually traced and measured; Group 2) the cephalograms and landmarks were scanned and measured with Radiocef 2.0 software; Group 3) the radiographs were scanned and measured with Radiocef 2.0 software; and Group 4) the landmarks were digitized and measured with Dentofacial Planner 7.02 software. Linear and angular measurements were performed and an analysis of variance and a Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted for intergroup comparison. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the groups. Therefore, it was concluded that the software is reliable to be used for clinical and investigative purposes and that Radiocef 2.0 can be used by either scanning the cephalograms and landmarks or by scanning the radiograph itself.

El presente trabajo de investigación realiza el análisis, evaluación y mejoramiento de la productividad en el caso de estudio: Edificio multifamiliar Twenty – Lince. Mediante la implementación y uso de herramientas Last Planner en la ejecución de la obra en mención. Los indicadores de productividad mostrados en este trabajo de investigación son: Trabajo productivo, trabajo contributorio y trabajo no contributorio, los cuales se miden con ayuda de la herramienta carta balance. Esto con el objetivo de ser mejorados con la implementación de procesos basados en la metodología Last Planner. En el primer capítulo se plantea la problemática, se establece el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos, así como la justificación, metodología y límites de la misma. El segundo capítulo refiere al marco teórico. En el tercer capítulo se expone la metodología usada y el levantamiento de información en el caso de estudio, esto se refiere a la toma de datos en la ejecución de la obra con el uso de la carta balance. En el cuarto capítulo se muestra los resultados de la implementación de las mejoras de solución propuestas en este mismo capítulo. La identificación y liberación de restricciones, también se aborda como tema central en este capítulo. En el quinto y último capítulo se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llegaron en este trabajo de investigación. Se responde al objetivo general y objetivos específicos de la presente; y se finaliza con las recomendaciones para el aumento de la productividad en las obras. / This research work carries out the analysis, evaluation and improvement of productivity in the case study: Twenty - Lince multifamily building. Through the implementation and use of Last Planner tools in the execution of the work in question. The productivity indicators shown in this research work are: Productive work, contributory work and non-contributory work, which are measured with the help of the balance sheet tool. This with the objective of being improved with the implementation of processes based on the Last Planner methodology. In the first chapter the problem is raised, the general objective and the specific objectives are established, as well as the justification, methodology and limits of the same. The second chapter refers to the theoretical framework. In the third chapter, the methodology used and the gathering of information in the case study is presented, this refers to the collection of data in the execution of the work with the use of the balance sheet. The fourth chapter shows the results of the implementation of the solution improvements proposed in this chapter. The identification and release of restrictions is also addressed as a central issue in this chapter. The conclusions and recommendations reached in this research paper are presented in the fifth and final chapter. It responds to the general objective and specific objectives of the present; and ends with recommendations for increasing productivity in the works. / Tesis

För att uppnå ekonomisk vinning och framgång krävs det att byggföretag lägger stor vikt på hur de kan effektivisera byggprocessen och minska sina kostnader. Enligt branschen finns det förbättringspotential gällande kommunikationen i byggprojekt varav störst förbättrings-möjlighet anses ligga hos entreprenören. Arbetsplatsomkostnader står för 19 % av ett projekts kostnader och är en av kostnadsposterna som entreprenören har en möjlighet att påverka. En förbättring i kommunikationen mellan yrkesmedarbetare och arbetsledare kan minska arbetsplatsomkostnaderna, leda till ökad lönsamhet och en effektivare produktion. Studiens syfte var att kartlägga produktionens planering, uppföljning och hur yrkesmedarbetarnas deltagande i produktionsplanering kan effektivisera produktionen. Studien utreder hur kommunikationen fungerar mellan yrkesmedarbetare och arbetsledare, hur yrkesmedarbetare involveras i planeringen idag och hur involveringen kan förbättras. Studien tar även upp om Last Planner System vore en möjlig lösning till produktivare byggprojekt. En litteraturstudie kring kommunikation, motivation och Last Planner System samt en fallstudie där observationer och intervjuer på två byggprojekt har utförts för att kunna besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Last Planner System är en metod som används för att effektivisera projekt där den som är närmst utförandet, sisteplaneraren, involveras i planeringen. Med grundläggande teori om Last Planner System, kommunikation, ekonomi och planering kunde relevanta intervjufrågor tas fram. Intervjuer och observationer visar att både arbetsledare och yrkesmedarbetare ser positivt på ett tidigare involverande av yrkesmedarbetare i planeringen än i dagsläget. Resultatet visar förbättringsmöjligheter i såväl kommunikation som planering. Last Planner System ses som en möjlig lösning. Dagens mötesstruktur i produktionen involverar inte yrkesmedarbetare. Genom att arbetsledningen bjuder in yrkesmedarbetare till möten gällande tekniska lösningar och tidsåtgång för kommande moment kan arbetsbelastningen för arbetsledare minska och motivationen hos yrkesmedarbetare öka. En mötesstruktur utifrån Last Planner System har tagits fram som stöd till projekt som väljer att arbeta med Last Planner System. Involverandet av sisteplaneraren genom Last Planner System skulle leda till en effektivare produktion och minskade arbetsplatsomkostnader. / In order to achieve profitability and success it’s required that construction companies work on how to reduce the costs. Overhead costs stand for a large cost. By improving the communication between coworkers overhead costs can be reduced. The aim was to study how coworkers participation in the production planning can improve the productivity.The study shows how communication and involvement between coworkers is today and how it can be improved. A literature study in communication, economics, motivation and Last Planner System as well as a case study with observations and interviews has been done to answer the questions of the study. The Last Planner System is a method to improve planning by involving The Last Planner. Interviews and observations show that coworkers are positive to The Last Planner System.The result shows that Last Planner System is a possible solution to improve communication and planning. The meeting structure today doesn’t involve The Last Planner. The site manager should invite The Last Planner into meetings regarding production planning. A meeting structure based on Last Planner System has been developed as support for projects who choose to use The Last Planner System. The involvement of The Last Planner would lead to more efficient production and reduced overhead costs.

Life care planning remains an emerging area of practice for many health fields including occupational therapy. The International Academy of Life Care Planners (2003) defines a life care plan “as a dynamic document based upon published standards of practice, comprehensive assessment, data analysis, and research, which provides an organized, concise plan for current and future needs with associated costs for individuals who have experienced catastrophic injury or have chronic health care needs” (p. 5). The demand for life care planners is high. Various educational programs are available for occupational therapists to attain training on the practice of life care planning; however, only three 120-hour programs approved by the International Commission on Health Care Certification meet the educational requirements for becoming a Certified Life Care Planner. After a review of the evidence literature, there is a void in the occupational therapy literature and practice guidelines on the topic of life care planning. Without professional guidelines or formalized training in this area of forensic practice, occupational therapists can easily and unknowingly misstep when entering the field of life care planning. This lack of awareness has the potential to adversely impact client care, attract public criticism for the occupational therapist, and potentially damage the reputation of the occupational therapy profession itself. An online course titled Introduction to Life Care Planning will aim to address a general lack of awareness of life care planning amongst occupational therapists and improve evidenced-based occupational therapy practice in this area. Keilhofner’s Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) (2008) is employed to highlight the commonalities between life care planning and occupational therapy to occupational therapists interested in the emerging practice area of life care planning. The outcomes of this course will be to expand the presence of occupational therapists within the practice area of life care planning and encourage occupational therapists to follow the published standard methodology for life care planning. This is anticipated to improve the quality care for individual clients while protecting the reputation of occupational therapists and the profession within the transdisciplinary field of life care planning.

No description available.

El sector construcción en el Perú es uno de los más dinámicos en la economía del país, se debe a que en los últimos años el gobierno ha venido impulsando la inversión pública, mediante la ejecución de proyectos de infraestructura y en especial a los de saneamiento básico rural; razón por la que la empresa SICMA S.A.C. viene ejecutando proyectos similares en distintos lugares de la región de Puno. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el estado actual de la productividad en 9 proyectos de saneamiento básico rural, durante los años 2016 y 2017. Como resultado de análisis de estos datos se determinó que la productividad de la mano de obra en los proyectos ejecutados de forma tradicional es muy baja debido a que no se tiene una adecuada planificación mucho menos control de la ejecución de estos proyectos. Como otro objetivo de esta investigación se ha implementado el sistema Last Planner, en uno de los proyectos de saneamiento básico rural de similares características que las anteriores, obteniéndose mejoras respecto al desempeño de la mano de obra incrementándose la productividad. Estas mejoras fueron evidenciadas mediante la comparación de los rendimientos y valores de ocupación del tiempo, obtenidos de forma tradicional con los obtenidos implementando el sistema Last Planner; quedando con esto demostrado de que es posible la aplicación de herramientas basadas en la filosofía Lean Construction en la ejecución de este tipo de proyectos y que con ellas se puede mejorar la productividad y reducir los plazos de ejecución. / The construction sector in Peru is one of the most dynamic in the economy of the country, it is because in recent years the government has been promoting public investment, through the execution of infrastructure projects and especially basic sanitation rural; reason why the company SICMA S.A.C. It has been executing similar projects in different places in the Puno region. The objective of this research is to determine the current state of productivity in 9 rural basic sanitation projects, during the years 2016 and 2017. As a result of analysis of these data, it was determined that the productivity of the labor force in the executed projects of Traditional way is very low because you do not have adequate planning much less control of the execution of these projects. As another objective of this research, the Last Planner system has been implemented, in one of the rural basic sanitation projects with similar characteristics as the previous ones, obtaining improvements regarding the performance of the workforce, increasing productivity. These improvements were evidenced by the comparison of the yields and values of occupation of time, obtained in a traditional way with those obtained by implementing the Last Planner system; remaining with this demonstrated that it is possible the application of tools based on the philosophy Lean Construction in the execution of this type of projects and that with them can improve the productivity and reduce the terms of execution. / Trabajo de investigación

One of the main assumptions in conventional production process is that each component or part of the production process can be controlled separately as if they are not dependent on anything. This assumption gives rise to problems such as need of effective collaboration with different actors and constraints in budgets. Conventional planning process also causes delay as well as cost overruns which ultimately leads to reduction in productivity.The Last Planner system, LPS, is a tool used in the construction sector with the goal of streamlining production. The tool has several advantages, for example, to make collaboration between different actors more efficient, achieve a better workflow and increase production efficiency. The purpose of this masters’ thesis is to explore how two construction projects in Stockholm work with LPS. Apart from the fact that LPS provides many advantages in the production planning of the projects, this study aims to explore the challenges that they face while working with LPS. The goal of this study is to be able to suggest improvement measures for the challenges that the projects are facing.Semi-structured interviews were conducted on both projects to understand how they work with LPS and what challenges they face. The results section contains the information from the interviews. That is then discussed against the theory on which the Last Planner system is built.The conclusion of this study is that the production planning in the projects differs from how the tool should be used according to the framework of LPS. Learning, which emphasizes what has been done during the project, is a phase in LPS's framework. According to one of the founders of the LPS system, ‘learning’ is the most important phase. However, due to the lack of time, the studied projects were not able to involve the learning phase into their production planning. The projects faced several challenges, including repeated changes from the design teams, which entailed new actions during the project. Also, the involvement of the construction workers in the planning phases came out as a big challenge for the managers. Furthermore, communication problems and lack of cooperation with subcontractors is also present. Some of the improvement measures suggested to meet the challenges are that managers should increase commitment to involve especially construction workers in the planning phases, create nucleus teams, create a standard protocol for how production planning should be implemented, and improve visual planning to enhance communication. / I de traditionella produktionsprocesserna har det antagits att olika komponenter kan styras separat d.v.s. att de är oberoende. Detta antagandet har gett upphov till problem som till exempel försämrat samarbete mellan olika aktörer. Den traditionella produktionsprocessen har också lett till förseningar och kostnadsöverskridanden i projekt.Last Planner-systemet, LPS, är ett verktyg som används inom byggsektorn med målet att effektivisera produktionen. Förutom att effektivisera produktionen är syftet att involvera byggarbetare i planeringsfaserna. Verktyget har flera fördelar, till exempel att effektivisera samarbeten mellan olika aktörer, uppnå ett konstant arbetsflöde och ökad effektivitet i produktionen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska hur två byggprojekt i Stockholm arbetar med LPS. Bortsett från att LPS tillför många fördelar i projektens produktionsplanering har denna uppsats som mål att utforska vilka utmaningar projekten står inför kring arbetet med LPS. Målet är att kunna föreslå eventuella förbättringar för att möta utmaningarna som projekten står inför.Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på båda projekten för att förstå hur de arbetar med LPS och vilka utmaningar de står inför. Resultatavsnittet redovisar informationen från intervjuerna, som sedan diskuteras i relation till teorin som LPS bygger på.Slutsatsen av denna uppsats är att det skiljer sig mellan hur verktyget används i praktiken jämfört med vad ramverket för LPS står för. Att ta lärdom av vad som gjorts under projektet är en fas i LPS ramverk. Enligt en av grundarna av LPS-systemet är ’lärande’ den viktigaste fasen. Men på grund av tidsbrist har inte projekten som denna studie undersökte kunnat genomföra den fasen. Projekten stod inför flera utmaningar, bland annat upprepade ändringar från designteamen, som ledde till nya åtgärder under projektet, att involvera byggarbetare i planeringsfaserna, kommunikationsproblem mellan aktörer och bristande samarbete med underentreprenörer. Några förbättringsåtgärder är att chefer borde engagera sig mer för att involvera byggarbetare i planeringsfaserna, skapa ett standardprotokoll för hur produktionsplanering bör genomföras och förbättra den visuella planeringen för att uppnå bättre kommunikation.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T13:25:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PRISCILLA BORGES DE FREITAS RODRIGUES.pdf: 3855875 bytes, checksum: 11d800e90a7d8e85c9925dfdaa032c34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T13:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PRISCILLA BORGES DE FREITAS RODRIGUES.pdf: 3855875 bytes, checksum: 11d800e90a7d8e85c9925dfdaa032c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / This research had as main point to use the Building Information Modeling (BIM), as an integrated form with the logic of the Last Planner system in relation to the planning and control of the production in companies of the civil construction sector and, with that, a model that promotes this integration in order to improve efficiency in medium and short term planning, where the construction of the integration model involves the development of a plug-in for Revit®, capable of making the information available in a database also fed by other software, here titled “L7”, through which it becomes possible to insert the analytic structure of a work and other information about the consumption of the inputs and, thus, make it possible to establish the relation between each geometric element and their needs for manpower and material, making explicit the restrictions when training the Lookahead through visual management. The methodological approach adopted was Design Science Research, whose main objective is to develop an artifact capable of solving a real and relevant problem and, thus, to promote the advance of the theoretical knowledge about the subject and to contribute to the operation within the companies. The evaluation of the constructed model was made through an empirical study in a work into a mall of a construction company in Goiás, followed by two services in the formation of the Lookahead of the month of January and the work week plan of the four weeks. It was possible, through visual color management, to check tasks that had material and/or labor constraints, facilitating the formatting of medium-term planning and improving the efficiency of short-term planning. / Esta pesquisa envolveu-se com a utilização da modelagem da informação da construção (BIM) de maneira integrada à lógica do Last Planner no planejamento e controle da produção em empreendimentos do setor da construção civil. Para isso, a investigação teve como objetivo principal construir um modelo BIM integrador, de forma a atuar na melhoria do planejamento de médio e curto prazo. A construção do modelo de integração passou pelo desenvolvimento de um plug-in para o software Revit®, capaz de disponibilizar informações em um banco de dados alimentado por outro software de planejamento. O modelo BIM estruturado tornou possível estabelecer a relação entre cada elemento geométrico do projeto arquitetônico e suas necessidades de materiais, mão-deobra e especificações de projeto. A abordagem metodológica adotada na pesquisa foi a Design Science Research. A avaliação do modelo construído foi feita em um estudo empírico em obra de grande porte do setor de edificações. Foi possível, através da gestão visual, verificar as tarefas que possuíam restrições em relação a materiais, mão-de-obra e detalhamento de projeto, facilitando a elaboração do planejamento de médio prazo e melhorando a eficiência do planejamento de curto prazo.

The construction industry faces numerous challenges, such as schedule delays, cost overruns, and rework, which can impact project success and profitability. The key motivation for this report is to explore and understand the potential benefits and implications of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) functionalities with the Last Planner System (LPS). This report consists of a systematic literature review (SLR) addressing the influence that the interaction of the LPS and BIM has in the production process. Firstly, bibliometric analysis was done on the results of the SLR, and the content of the literature papers was analyzed adopting the aspects oflean construction in combination with qualitative content analysis to identify the BIM functionalities, the relevant lean construction aspects, and the influence the interaction has on the relevant lean construction aspects. Based on the contents of the literature papers, certain BIM functionalities such as model and schedule visualization, quantity take-off, and clash detection interact with the LPS. The aspects of lean construction that are influenced by the interaction include waste minimization, continuous improvement, improved collaboration, and workflow visualization. Researchers show that the interaction of LPS and certain BIM functionalities has reduced delays, cost overruns, project collaboration, remote meetings, and better project understanding and planning reliability.The findings of the report provide insights for construction industry professionals to enhance project planning, coordination, and execution. The report shows that current attempts for a complete interaction are yet to be researched, with parallel applications and inadequacy in BIM functionalities. A sound conceptual model for interaction is yet to be researched. Many researchers and construction actors may use this report to find existing content on this topic and find the motivation to interact with the BIM functionalities and LPS in a proposed or existing production process. / Byggindustrin står inför många utmaningar, såsom tidsplaneförskjutningar, kostnadsöverskridelser och omarbetning, vilket kan påverka projektets framgång och lönsamhet. Den huvudsakliga motivationen för denna rapport är att utforska och förstå de potentiella fördelarna och konsekvenserna av att integrera Byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM) med Last Planner System (LPS). Denna rapport består av en systematisk litteraturöversikt (SLR) som tar upp hur interaktionen mellan LPS och BIM påverkar produktionsprocessen. Först gjordes en bibliometrisk analys av SLR-resultaten, och innehållet i litteraturartiklarna analyserades med utgångspunkt i aspekter av lean construction kombinerat med kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att identifiera BIM-funktionaliteter, de relevanta lean construction-aspekterna och vilken inverkan interaktionen har på de relevanta lean construction-aspekterna. Baserat på innehållet i litteraturartiklarna interagerar vissa BIM-funktionaliteter, såsom modelloch tidsplanvisualisering, kvantitetsupptagning och kollisionskontroll, med LPS. De aspekter av lean construction som påverkas av interaktionen inkluderar minimering av slöseri, kontinuerlig förbättring, förbättrad samarbete och visualisering av arbetsflöde. Forskare visar att interaktionen mellan LPS och vissa BIM-funktionaliteter har minskat förseningar, kostnadsöverskridelser, projekt-samarbete, fjärrmöten och bättre projekt-förståelse och planeringspålitlighet. Rapportens resultat ger insikter för yrkesverksamma inom byggindustrin för att förbättra projektplanering, samordning och genomförande. Rapporten visar att nuvarande försök till en fullständig interaktion ännu inte har forskats kring, med parallella tillämpningar och brister i BIM-funktionaliteter. En robust konceptuell modell för interaktion måste fortfarande utforskas. Många forskare och aktörer inom byggindustrin kan använda denna rapport för att hitta befintligt innehåll om detta ämne och hitta motivationen att interagera med BIM-funktionaliteter och LPS i en föreslagen eller befintlig produktionsprocess.

Problem statement: Manufacturing and production plants operate machines and equipment that deteriorate with usage and time thus requiring maintenance actions to restore them back to their original operational conditions. Approach: This study investigates the current standard of maintenance planning at a steel manufacturing facility in South Africa. The study begins with a thorough literature study to find good characteristics of planning which should be present at any facility that is optimally engaged in performing excellent maintenance planning effectively and efficiently. A number of key observations from the literature are made indicating that planning is a key component of maintenance and affects excellence in maintenance significantly. The literature recommends that planning should be set and based on key principles to allow for standardisation and efficiency. An empirical study in the form of a survey is then completed to benchmark the current maintenance-planning environment of the steel facility against the good characteristics of maintenance planning found in literature. Results: The results from the empirical study show that the current maintenance environment at the steel manufacturer is not optimal. The following issues are uncovered from the study: no schedulers employed to relieve the planners’ work overload, no guiding principles for planning and standardisation of work planning, no efficient shutdown planning and also no existent measures for tracking some of the key performance areas. Conclusion: Key recommendations to be considered for implementation for improving the status of the maintenance environment at the works include: introducing the scheduler position, standardising planning methodologies according to specific principles and rigorously focusing on overall maintenance improvement using standardised methodologies. / MBA (Business Administration), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015