Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5462.pdf: 6522300 bytes, checksum: 08eb2b085e1c0d4ae808a440e1e9dc9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Developments in the health sector, especially those placed in public care are fundamental to the care of the entire population of a city and region. The location of health projects such as "Santa Casa" was made since many decades ago, or even the latest developments seem not to have been concerned with the accessibility of the population. Moreover, the travels generators poles, including the establishments of the health sector, cause significant impacts on its surroundings and also in the transport systems of the region they live. In general, the public hospitals, mainly in Brazil, aim to attend the portions of the population of low income families that use displacement on foot, by car or public transport. As a result, this study aimed to perform an analysis of levels of accessibility to hospitals such as "Santa Casa", considering mainly the population groups that most need the public health. The proposed method is based on an indicator (time) to measure accessibility to hospitals by different ways: on foot, by car and public transport, making use of geographic information systems. IBGE data were used to estimate the income levels of traffic areas. A survey with users from hospitals located in the cities of Rio Claro and São Carlos was performed to characterize the source and location of the travel. Using the data obtained in both case studies it was found that the population, in most cases, has used the car travel to hospitals. The accessibility by car was high, because even in distant neighborhoods, the travel time was at 15 minutes for both cities. In contrast, traveling on foot had low accessibility in relation to hospitals, mainly in the distant neighborhoods. The analysis done for public transport accessibility shows the minimum value of 30 minutes to Rio Claro and 35 minutes to São Carlos. Analyzing data from the 2000 Census, it is evident that the population with lower monthly household income is concentrated in the suburb areas of the cities. Thus, the distances done every day by the citizens compromise the access to different services available in the cities, as the travel time, or the lack of public transport routes, or lack of conditions of using public transport. / Empreendimentos do setor de saúde, principalmente os inseridos na rede pública de atendimento, são fundamentais para o atendimento de toda a população de uma cidade e região. A localização dos empreendimentos de saúde do tipo Santa Casa , em geral, foi feita há muitas décadas, ou mesmo os empreendimentos mais recentes, parecem não ter tido a preocupação com a acessibilidade da população. Além disso, os polos geradores de viagens, dentre eles os estabelecimentos do setor de saúde, causam impactos significativos nos seus arredores e também nos sistemas de transporte da região em que estão inseridos. Os hospitais públicos, principalmente no Brasil, visam atender às parcelas da população de menor renda, que se utilizam de deslocamentos a pé, por automóvel ou por transporte coletivo público por ônibus. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise dos níveis de acessibilidade a hospitais do tipo Santa Casa , considerando, principalmente, as parcelas da população que mais necessitam do sistema público de saúde. O método proposto se baseou em um indicador (tempo) para se medir a acessibilidade aos hospitais pelos modos a pé, automóvel e transporte coletivo, fazendo-se uso de sistemas de informações geográficas. Dados do IBGE foram utilizados para a estimativa de níveis de rendimento de zonas de tráfego. Uma pesquisa com usuários dos hospitais localizados nas cidades de Rio Claro e São Carlos foi realizada para a caracterização e localização de origem das viagens. Através dos dados obtidos nestes os estudos de caso, verificou-se que a população, na maioria das vezes, utiliza o automóvel para realizar as viagens aos hospitais. A acessibilidade por automóvel obteve tempo de viagem de até 15 minutos, mesmo em bairros mais distantes, para as duas cidades. Em contrapartida, para as viagens a pé, o tempo de viagem médio foi de até 20 minutos em um raio de 1,5 km dos hospitais, para os estudos de caso. A análise feita para o transporte coletivo mostra o valor de tempo mínimo de 30 minutos para Rio Claro e de 35 minutos para São Carlos. Analisando-se os dados do Censo 2000, fica evidente que a população com menor rendimento médio mensal familiar se concentra nas regiões periféricas das cidades. Assim, as distâncias a serem vencidas diariamente pelos cidadãos comprometem o acesso aos diversos serviços disponíveis nas cidades, seja pelo tempo de viagem, ou pela falta de linhas de transporte público, ou de condições de se utilizar o transporte público.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5794031 bytes, checksum: 6385868d5c4cc5dafb016be2120b521a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / This paper deals with the study of the permissible load or load-resistant design through testing Static Load Test on deep foundation, this test differs from the other through a system of reaction (hydraulic jack), implanted inside the element structural convenient depth, ie run as part of the cutting element of reaction, precluding the need for an external system. The hydraulic jack is called Expansiva cell hydrodynamics and their use is intended to obtain geotechnical parameters by means of load versus displacement curves, which show the evolution of the equilibrium of the system under the applied load. The recorded parameters enabled the comparative analysis of the data obtained by analyzing the curves of load tests with the parameters of the estimated carrying capacity of the soil mass, obtained by means of semi-empirical methods of foundation engineering. It was concluded that even with the adjustments of the semi-empirical methods, the permissible load is calculated by such methods over dimensioned compared with that obtained by analysis of load versus displacement curves also verified that the methodology presented proof load is easy to perform and has good efficiency for development of the test static load test. / O presente trabalho trata do estudo da carga admissível ou da carga resistente de projeto por meio do ensaio de Prova de Carga Estática em fundação profunda, tal ensaio se difere dos demais através de um sistema de reação (macaco hidráulico), implantado no interior do elemento estrutural, em profundidade conveniente, ou seja, parte da estaca funcionada como elemento de reação, excluindo a necessidade de um sistema externo. O macaco hidráulico é denominado Célula Expansiva Hidrodinâmica e o seu uso tem a finalidade de obter parâmetros geotécnicos, através de curvas de carga x deslocamento, que evidenciam a evolução do equilíbrio do sistema com a carga aplicada. Os parâmetros registrados propiciaram a análise comparativa dos dados obtidos através da análise das curvas das provas de carga com os parâmetros da estimativa da capacidade de carga do maciço de solo, obtidos por meio dos métodos semi-empíricos da engenharia de fundações. Concluiu- se que mesmo com as adequações dos métodos semi-empíricos, a carga admissível calculada por tais métodos foi sobre dimensionada, quando comparada com a obtida através da análise das curvas carga x deslocamento, também verificou-se que a metodologia apresentada de prova de carga é de fácil execução e tem boa eficiência para elaboração do ensaio de prova de carga estática.

A Comissão Interestadual da Bacia Paraná-Uruguai (CIBPU), formada a partir de um convênio entre os estados de São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, Goiás e Minas Gerais, atuou no planejamento regional no Brasil no período de 1951 a 1972. O eixo condutor desta pesquisa é a compreensão das ideias e referências na formação e atuação do órgão, suas permanências e deslocamentos. Entre os referenciais mobilizados identifica-se a experiência norte-americana da Tennessee Valley Authority, as ideias do movimento francês Economia e Humanismo de Louis-Joseph Lebret, e a concepção de polos de crescimento de François Perroux e Jacques Boudeviile. A análise destes referenciais, dos contextos políticos e econômicos, das forças e agentes envolvidos ao longo dos 20 anos de existência da Comissão, permitiram detectar deslocamentos na estrutura e organização do órgão, na concepção de região e, fundamentalmente, na concepção de planejamento e desenvolvimento. / The Comissão Interestadual da Bacia Paraná-Uruguai (CIBPU) was created through a partnership between the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Parana, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, Goiás and Minas Gerais and developped regional planning studies in Brazil from 1951 to 1972. The main focus of this research is the understanding of the ideas and references that shaped the institution, its continuities and changes. Among the references mobilized, the north-american experience of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the ideas of the french Economy and Humanism Movement of Louis-Joseph Lebret, and the growth poles of François Perroux and Jacques Boudeviile are highlighted. The analysis of those references, of the political and economic contexts, and of the agents involved along the 20 years of activity of the Comissão, show the shifts in the structure and organization of the institution, in the conception of region, as well as in the conception of planning and development.

A section of the total tangent space of a scheme X of finite type over a field k, i.e. a vector field on X, corresponds to an X-valued 1-jet on X. In the language of jets the notion of a vector field becomes functorial, and the total tangent space constitutes one of an infinite family of jet schemes Jm(X) for m ≥ 0. We prove that there exist families of “logarithmic” jet schemes JDm(X) for m ≥ 0, in the category of k-schemes of finite type, associated to any given X and its family of divisors D = (D₁, . . . ,Dr). The sections of JD₁(X) correspond to so-called vector fields on X with logarithmic poles along the family of divisors D = (D₁, . . . ,Dr). To prove this, we first introduce the categories of pairs (X,D) where D is as mentioned, an r-tuple of (effective Cartier) divisors on the scheme X. The categories of pairs provide a convenient framework for working with only those jets that pull back families of divisors. / Science, Faculty of / Mathematics, Department of / Graduate

In the years immediately following World War II in Vancouver, native Northwest Coast images and objects were frequently made visible in the public spaces of the city, claimed and exchanged physically and symbolically in events involving both aboriginal and non-native participants. Like the political and social relations surrounding them, the meaning and purpose of these objects and images was, arguably, pliable and constantly shifting. The Totemland Pole, commissioned in 1950 by Vancouver's fledgling Totemland Society, and designed by local Kwakwaka'wakw carver Ellen Neel, was one such object-as-symbol. Numerous individuals and communities, aboriginal as well as non-native, were implicated in the object's production. Following anthropologist Anthony Cohen's work on social symbols in The Symbolic Construction of Community, I argue that while the symbol itself was held in common, its meaning varied with its participants' unique orientations to it. The differently motivated parties, specifically the work's creator, Ellen Neel, and its commissioners, the Totemland Society, attributed divergent meaning to the Totemland Pole simultaneously. As Cohen suggests, I propose that this difference did not lead to argument. Rather it was the form of the Totemland Pole itself, its impreciseness or "malleability," within the particular socio-political climate of its production, which enabled these divergent meanings to co-exist. In order to investigate ways in which the Totemland Pole was understood simultaneously as symbolically meaningful, this project attempts to map out the subject positions of and relations of power between Ellen Neel and the members of the Totemland Society, in relation to the particulars of the local historical moment. The forgotten details of the Totemland Commission and the lack of a legitimizing discourse of Neel's production, both fuelled by the gendered, class and race inflected politics of knowledge construction, have necessitated that the concept of absence be fundamental to my project. I have therefore approached the Totemland Commission from a number of surrounding institutional and social discourses, which form trajectories I see as intersecting at the site of the Totemland Pole. Any one of these trajectories may have been taken as the singular approach for the investigation of such an object. However, I wish to deny the autonomy normally granted these discursive fields, emphasizing instead the ways they are interdependent and may operate in tandem to enrich our understanding of an object which was the result of, and relevant to, shared histories. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

The aim of this research is to develop a method for expanding the Jost functions as a Taylor-type power series on the complex angular momentum plane. From this method in conjunction with the Watson transformation, we were able to express the scattering amplitude as a sum of the background and pole terms, furthermore, this method propose a way of evaluating, numerically, the pole term. To demonstrate how this method may be applied, we considered the Born approximation. We found out that the developed method improved the Born approximation at large scattering angles. Therefore, this method is useful when the di fferential cross section of the background term fails to converge to that of the exact diff erential cross section at large scattering angles. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / National Research Foundation (NRF) / Physics / MSc

Este trabalho tem por finalidade o estudo teórico e experimental de avaliação da degradação em postes de madeira utilizados em redes de energia elétrica. Com base em ampla revisão bibliográfica, de dados climáticos de várias cidades do Estado de São Paulo e resultados de ensaios de perfuração controlada realizadas em campo, em vários municípios do Estado de São Paulo, apresenta um modelo de apodrecimento de madeira em contato com o solo, identificando quais as cidades são mais e menos agressivas à madeira nestas condições, propondo a simplificação deste modelo, facilitando sua utilização na previsão da vida útil de madeiras em contato com o solo, predizendo o grau de deterioração destes. O modelo proposto se mostrou bastante adequado, dando uma boa previsão da deterioração de postes nas diversas regiões do Estado. / The purpose of this paper is the theoretical and experimental study of evaluation of timber deterioration in used poles in nets of electric energy. Basing on ample bibliographical reviews of climatic data of some cities in the State of São Paulo and results of controlled perforation testing done in field, in some cities of the State of São Paulo, it presents a model of timber decay in contact with the ground, identifying which cities are more aggressive or less aggressive to the wood in these conditions, proposing the simplification of this model, facilitating its use in the forecast of the timber service life in contact with the ground, predicting the degree of deterioration in them. The proposed model proved to be sufficiently adequate giving a good forecast of the pole deterioration in several regions of the State.

Diploma thesis is oriented on measuring and evaluation of grounding conditions of HV pylons. In theoretical part is described theory of grounding including related legislation, impact of electric current on human body, methods of measuring earth resistance, soil resitivity and description of available measurers. Practical part is focused on measuring earth resistance of selected pylons and measuring procedures followed by evaluation of measurements according to person's safety from dangerous touch voltage and impact of lightings. For evauluation of measured data is created supporting tool in MS Excel. In the last part of thesis are described recommendations for cutting-down touch voltages.

An increasing amount of hikers have added hiking poles to their outings to aid in reducing fatigue of the lower body and enhance stability. However, very little research has been conducted on the use of poles during continuous uphill hiking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pole use under field conditions on the rate of perceived exertion, physiological variables [oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), non-protein respiratory exchange ratio (RER), & total energy expenditure (TEE)], and time to completion during a 1.68 km continuous uphill (12.6% grade) hike. Ten male and ten female (Mean age = 22.7 ± 2.0 years) hikers participated in this experimental study using a within subject cross over design with randomized, counter-balanced order. Participants hiked with and without poles, at self-selected speeds. Rate of perceived exertion was collected at five minute intervals. Physiological measures (V02, HR, RER, and METs) were measured continuously (every two seconds) during all hiking conditions using a portable metabolic system (VmaxST, SensorMedics, Yorba Linda, CA). Heart rate data was recorded by a Polar transmitter belt worn by the participant with a receiver integrated into the VmaxST base system. Hiking pole use resulted in increased oxygen consumption (M= 29.8 ± 2.6 ml∙kg⁻¹∙min⁻¹ vs. M= 28.6 ± 2.8 ml∙kg⁻¹∙min), and total energy expenditure (M= 223.3 ± 57.9 kcals vs. 209.6 ± 47.7 kcals) compared to hiking without poles. Duration, RER, HR, and RPE were not significantly different between conditions. These results indicate that the use of hiking poles during uphill hiking increases the energy cost of hiking without increasing the perceived exertion in novice pole users. To fully evaluate the effects of hiking pole use and confirm the results from this study, future field research should be conducted with and without poles, including novice and expert groups, at grades above and below 15 %.

With the attempt to achieve the optimum in analysis and design, the technological global knowledge base grows more and more. Engineers all over the world continuously modify and innovate existing analysis methods and design procedures to perform the same task more efficiently and with better results. In the field of complex structural analysis many researchers pursue this challenging task. The complexity of a lattice type structure is caused by numerous parameters: the nonlinear member performance of the material, the statistical variation of member load capacities, the highly indeterminate structural composition, etc. In order to achieve a simulation approach which represents the real world problem more accurately, it is necessary to develop technologies which include these parameters in the analysis. One of the new technologies is the first order nonlinear analysis of lattice type structures including the after failure response of individual members. Such an analysis is able to predict the failure behavior of a structural system under ultimate loads more accurately than the traditionally used linear elastic analysis or a classical first order nonlinear analysis. It is an analysis procedure which can more accurately evaluate the limit-state of a structural system. The Probability Based Analysis (PBA) is a new technology. It provides the user with a tool to analyze structural systems based on statistical variations in member capacities. Current analysis techniques have shown that structural failure is sensitive to member capacity. The combination of probability based analysis and the limit-state analysis will give the engineer the capability to establish a failure load distribution based on the limit-state capacity of the structure. This failure load distribution which gives statistical properties such as mean and variance improves the engineering judgment. The mean shows the expected value or the mathematical expectation of the failure load. The variance is a tool to measure the variability of the failure load distribution. Based on a certain load case, a small variance will indicate that a few members cause the tower failure over and over again; the design is unbalanced. A large variance will indicate that many different members caused the tower failure. The failure load distribution helps in comparing and evaluating actual test results versus analytical results by locating an actual test among the possible failure loads of a tower series. Additionally, the failure load distribution allows the engineer to calculate exclusion limits which are a measure of the probability of success, or conversely the probability of failure for a given load condition. The exclusion limit allows engineers to redefine their judgement on safety and usability of transmission towers. Existing transmission towers can be reanalyzed using this PBA and upgraded based on a given exclusion limit for a chosen tower capacity increase according to the elastic analysis from which the tower was designed. New transmission towers can be analyzed based on the actual yield strength data and their nonlinear member performances. Based on this innovative analysis the engineer is able to improve tower design by using a tool which represents the real world behavior of steel transmission towers more accurately. Consequently it will improve structural safety and reduce cost.