No description available.

The use of <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> trees grown in Senegal as utility poles was investigated as follows: (1) to determine the longitudinal air permeability of the species with regard to its treatability; (2) to determine the treatability of the wood using a full-cell process; (3) to determine the mechanical properties of the species relative to its use as utility poles in Senegal. The mean superficial longitudinal air permeability of 60 specimens was 4990 cm³(air)/cm s atm whereas the theoretical permeability was 4710 cm³/cm s atm. It was determined an average of 1830 vessels per cm² with a mean diameter of 117 microns and a volume fraction of 0.20 . The presence of tyloses was not observed during the anatomical measurements. As expected, the most important variables influencing the effectiveness of the preservative treatment were the impregnation pressure and the permeability of the specimens. Retention increased as the impregnation pressure was increased; and at a given pressure, retention was positively correlated to permeability. Since the wood seems to be fairly permeable, it can therefore be satisfactorily treated by controlling the impregnation pressure. The results of static bending tests were compared to the theoretical maximum stress at ground line (R) of the different classes of utility poles used in Senegal. With an average modulus of rupture (MOR) of 108 megaPascals, the ratio of MOR to R varied between 2.12 to 2.34. This ratio provides evidence that Casuarina's wood meets the mechanical requirements of the Standard NFC67-100, which sets the guidelines for utility poles in Senegal. / Master of Science

Yes / This study presents an original asymmetric stepped-impedance resonator filter combined with meander coupled-line structures and enabling the realisation of finite transmission zeros (TZs) and the implementation of multi-band bandpass filters. The meander coupled sections (MCSs) tune the TZs and resonant frequencies: with higher-order spurious frequencies cancelled by the TZs, a single wideband with wide stopband from 1.18 to 1.84 GHz is possible. Furthermore, by positioning the finite TZs between the high-order spurious frequencies and adjusting the coupling strength between resonators, a quint-wideband filter can be realised, with centre frequencies of 1.19, 4.29, 5.43, 6.97, 9.9 GHz and fractional bandwidths of 31.9, 15.4, 15.8, 4.3, 39.2%, respectively. More importantly, two filters with single/quad-wideband performance can be realised by tuning the parameters of the MCS, and therefore they can be designed separately by using only one original structure. The triple-wideband filter is realised with the help of the asymmetric parallel uncoupled microstrip section. These filter structures enjoy the advantage of single/multi-band versatility, structure reusability and simplicity. The good in-band and out-of-band performance, low loss and simple structure of the proposed single/tri/quint-wideband filters make them very promising for applications in future multi-standard wireless communication. / European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant agreement H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424.

[pt] A presente tese tem por objetivo geral estudar os processos de planejamento dos pólos tecnológicos, envolvendo a articulação da temática específica desses pólos e a perspectiva do planejamento, a busca de elementos que propiciem a melhor compreensão da dinâmica dos processos de planejamento dos pólos e o registro dos resultados da experimentação de introdução de um modo de planejamento apropriado para os pólos, aplicado em um caso específico. Dadas as características da problemática desses pólos, esse objetivo é delimitado, privilegiando- se o enfoque do Planejamento Adaptativo. Nessa perspectiva, ao longo do trabalho articula-se as temáticas dos pólos e do planejamento. Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma contextualização das mudanças estruturais das últimas décadas da economia mundial, as quais são associadas às mudanças organizacionais e ao substancial aumento de cooperação entre agentes, observado a partir da década de oitenta. Assim, os pólos são vistos como uma dessas formas de cooperação. Em seguida, discute-se a experiência internacional mais representativa dos Science Parks, estabelecendo suas origens, seus vários conceitos, sua evolução, seu desempenho e as características comuns e distintivas entre países. Em uma discussão mais ampla, aborda-se a experiência brasileira dos pólos tecnológicos e de modernização, estabelecendo elementos de comparação com a experiência internacional discutida anteriormente. A análise é aprofundada discutindo-se, a partir da perspectiva do planejamento, a problemática envolvida no desenvolvimento dos pólos brasileiros, apontando seus altos níveis de complexidade, conflito e incerteza. O Planejamento Adaptativo é discutido em um capítulo especial, abrangendo a apresentação das suas raízes e das suas tendências, quais sejam o Redesenho Normativo de Sistemas e o Planejamento Não Sinóptico, e as metodologias específicas compreendidas por essas tendências. Discutem-se as implicações para o planejamento dos pólos,que decorrem dessa análise, confirmando-se que as abordagens do Planejamento Adaptativo não Sinóptico são as mais apropriadas para lidar com a problemática dos pólos. Aprofundando essa análise, caracteriza-se o sistema geral que as entidades gestoras dos pólos visam desenvolver, introduz-se o conceito de espaços de intervenção do planejamento e desenvolve-se um arcabouço para a avaliação no espaço interno dessas entidades. O trabalho inclui uma pesquisa exploratória e um estudo de caso, ambos realizados focalizando iniciativas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na pesquisa exploratória, estudam-se as iniciativas conduzidas pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, estabelecendo-se elementos metodológicos para a análise dos processos de planejamento envolvidos nas incubadoras e parques tecnológicos. O estudo de caso é um trabalho mais profundo, visando a introdução da filosofia do Planejamento Adaptativo no desenvolvimento do Parque de Alta Tecnologia do Norte Fluminense. As conclusões da tese apontam que suas principais contribuições decorrem da articulação das temáticas dos pólos e do planejamento, estabelecendo bases para a melhor compreensão da dinâmica dos processos de planejamento dos pólos e fornecendo elementos metodológicos e conceituais para a análise e implementação do Planejamento Adaptativo. / [en] The general objective of this thesis is to study the planning processes in technological poles, involving: 1) the articulation of specific aspects of these poles and the planning perspective; 2) the search of elements for a better understanding of these processes dynamics and 3) the registration of the results, in a specific case,of the introduction of an appropriate planning mode for poles. Given the poles characteristics, the Adaptive Planning approach is adopted. First, the context of the structural changes in the world economy is presented, associated to organizational changes and to the increasing cooperation among agents observed since the eighties.In this sense, the poles are viewed as one form of cooperation.Next, the most representative international experiences of Science Parks are discussed, including their origins, concepts, evolution and performance as well as the common and distinctive characteristics of selected countries. In a broad discussion, the Brazilian experience in modernization and technological poles is analyzed, establishing comparative elements with international experience. Adaptive Planning is presented in a special chapter, including its roots and its tendencies, namely, Normative System Redesign and Non Synoptic Adaptive Planning, with the specific methodologies they encompass. The analysis is deepened with a discussion, from the planning viewpoint, of the problems involved in the development of the Brazilian poles, emphasizing their high degrees of conflict, complexity and uncertainty. The discussion of the analysis`results confirm that the Non Synoptic Adaptive Planning tendency matches with the problems of poles. The general system that the coordinating organization of the pole aims to develop is characterized, the concept of intervention spaces of planning is introduced and a framework for evaluation at the internal space of these organizations is developed. The thesis includes an exploratory research and a case study, both focusing initiatives in Rio de Janeiro State. The exploratory research includes cases of technological poles in the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and the Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro,establishing methodological elements for the analysis of the planning processes involved in incubators and technology parks. The case study aimed at introducting the Adaptive Planning philosophy in the development of the Parque de Alta Tecnologia do Norte Fluminense. Finally, the conclusions of the thesis suggest that the major contributions come from the articulation of the poles and planning thematics, establishing a basis for a better understanding of the dynamics in these planning processes and providing methodological and conceptual elements for the analysis and implementation of Adaptive Planning.

No description available.

Cette thèse analyse les rapports culturels complexes entre le monde juif et le monde polonais en Pologne dans les années 1885-1939 à la lumière des traductions du polonais vers le yiddish et du yiddish vers le polonais. Les acteurs culturels concernés sont les Juifs polonais face à la société majoritaire, donc d’un point de vue linguistique les yiddishophones face aux polonophones, ainsi que les milieux juifs d’expression polonaise et yiddish. La thèse aborde divers aspects des contacts culturels : les représentations des Juifs dans la littérature polonaise et celle des Polonais dans la littérature yiddish, la traduction de la littérature mondiale en yiddish, ainsi que l’attitude envers cette langue en Pologne. Elle traite aussi, dans un large contexte socioculturel, de la traduction littéraire dans les deux sens, y compris dans la création théâtrale et l’édition pour enfants. Ce que l’on peut en conclure, c’est le grand intérêt du public yiddishophone pour la culture polonaise. Les traductions du yiddish en polonais attirent peu d’attention de la part des non-Juifs, mais constituent un important facteur identitaire pour des Juifs polonisés. / This thesis analyzes the complex cultural relations between the Jewish world and the Polish world in Poland in the years 1885-1939 as seen through translations from Polish to Yiddish and from Yiddish to Polish. The persons concerned in this process are the Polish Jews as opposed to the majority population or, from a linguistic point of view, Yiddish speakers in contrast with the Polish-speaking majority, as well Jewish circles in which Yiddish and Polish were spoken. The thesis touches on various aspects of these cultural contacts: the representation of Jews in Polish literature and of Poles in Yiddish literature, the translation of world literature into Yiddish, and the attitude toward the Yiddish language in Poland. It also deals with literary translation in both directions viewed in a broad socio-cultural context, including theatrical creation and children’s literature. The conclusion that can be drawn is that of a great interest in Polish culture on the part of the Yiddish-speaking public. As for translations from Yiddish to Polish, they attract little attention from non-Jews but constitute an important factor in the identity of assimilated Jews.

There is an urbanization trend in the world. Sweden is no exception. Today, approximately 85 percent of Sweden's population live in urban areas, which means that urbanization has grown considerably since the beginning of the 19th century when 90 percent of Sweden's population lived in rural areas. At the same time as urbanization has grown stronger, employment commuting, both within and across municipal boundaries, has increased. Improved infrastructure in the form of better road networks, faster and denser public transport and an increased number of passenger cars are all contributing factors to this. As an effect of the increased commuting, local labour markets have been expanded in many places and so-called regional enlargement has been created.   The aim of this study is to map and analyse the development pattern, with the focus on the population, in the Umeå region during the period 2000 to 2015. The purpose is also to discuss the development in the region and it’s connection to theories and the general development.   The study is a descriptive quantitative study based on municipal statistics from SCB. The study describes population development in different demographic dimensions for all municipalities in the Umeå region.   The study's results indicate that the Umeå region has had a positive development between 2000 and 2015, but the differences within the region are high. Umeå municipality is the municipality that had the strongest growth, while the surrounding municipalities had a weak, and in some cases also a negative development. You can see clear traces of urbanization in the region, not only Umeå municipality has had a positive development, but primarily Umeå city.     Keywords: population development, urbanization, local labor markets, regional enlargement, growth poles

Sports engineering can be considered as the bridge between the knowledge of sports science and the principles of engineering and has an important role not only in improving the athletic performance, but also in increasing the safety of the athletes. Testing and optimization of sports equipment and athletic performance are essential for supporting athletes in their quest to reach the podium. However, most of the equipment used by world-class athletes is chosen based only on subjective tests and the athletes’ feelings. Consequently, one of the aims of this thesis was to combine mechanics and mathematics to develop new objective test methods for sports equipment. Another objective was to investigate the possibility to accurately track and analyse cross-country skiing performance by using a real-time locating system. A long term aim is the contribution to increased knowledge about objective test and analysis methods in sports. The main methodological advancements are the modification of established test methods for sports equipment and the implementation of spline-interpolated measured positioning data to evaluate cross-country skiing performance. The first two papers show that it is possible to design objective yet sport specific test methods for different sports equipment. New test devices and methodologies are proposed for alpine ski helmets and cross-country ski poles. The third paper gives suggestions for improved test setups and theoretical simulations are introduced for glide tests of skis. It is shown, it the fourth paper, that data from a real-time locating system in combination with a spline model offers considerable potential for performance analysis in cross-country sprint skiing. In the last paper, for the first time, propulsive power during a cross-country sprint skiing race is estimated by applying a power balance model to spline-interpolated measured positioning data, enabling in-depth analyses of power output and pacing strategies in cross-country skiing. Even though it has not been a first priority aim in this work, the results from the first two papers have been used by manufacturers to design new helmets with increased safety properties and cross-country ski poles with increased force transfer properties. In summary, the results of this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of using mechanics and mathematics to increase the objectiveness and relevance when analysing sports equipment and athletic performance. / <p>QC 20160927</p>

L’industrie française a connu un ralentissement de sa productivité depuis la fin des années 1980 jusqu’à nos jours. Cette situation s’est accentuée avec la montée en puissance de l’Allemagne et l’émergence de pays comme la Chine, l’Inde et le Brésil. Dés lors, la France se devait de réagir car étant soumise à la loi du marché qui est basée sur la compétitivité des produits destinés à l’exportation. C’est dans ce contexte que l’État va s’atteler à la relance de l’économie en créant les pôles de compétitivité en juillet 2005. C’est donc pour étudier cette dynamique de développement que j’ai décidé d’effectuer une thèse de doctorat sur l’enjeu des pôles de compétitivité en Île-de France en s’appuyant sur l’exemple de Systematic-Paris-Région, Cap Digital Paris-Région et Advancity Ville et Mobilité Durables. / Since the 1980’s end in until now, the French industry has known a slowing down of its productivity. The situation became speed with the economic power of Germany and the emergence of countries such as China, India and Basil. Therefore, France had to react because being submitted to the law of the market place which is based on the competitiveness of products intended for export. It is in this context that the State is so going to get down in the economic stimulus plan by creating in July 2005 the poles of competitiveness. It is thus to study this development process that I decided to do doctoral thesis on the stake of the poles of competitiveness in Ile-de-France basing me on the example of Systématic-Paris-Région, Cap Digital Paris-Région and Advancity Ville and Sustainable Mobility.

Introdução: Considerando o rápido aumento da população de idosos e da sua expectativa de vida, junto com a expansão das intervenções de caminhada nórdica (NW) como método de treinamento para idosos, há uma necessidade de estudos de base experimental (ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados, ECRs) de caráter preventivo e de boa qualidade metodológica que permitam aos profissionais da educação física, da saúde e da reabilitação a tomada de decisões relativas ao tipo, volume, intensidade de exercício da NW na promoção da saúde dos idosos sedentários. Objetivos: o presente estudo teve como objetivos (estudo A) determinar, por meio de revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, se o treinamento sistematizado com NW, comparado à caminhada livre (CL), produz efeitos benéficos sobre componentes da aptidão funcional de idosos sedentários saudáveis, também avaliar (estudo B) os efeitos de oito semanas de treinamento de NW e CL na qualidade de vida (QV), no equilíbrio estático, na variabilidade dinâmica, na velocidade autosselecionada de caminhada (VAS) em esteira e no índice de reabilitação locomotor (IRL) de idosos sedentários, e também avaliar (estudo C) os efeitos de oito semanas de treinamento de NW e CL no trabalho mecânico (externo- Wext, trabalho mecânico interno- Wint, no trabalho mecânico total – Wtot), no mecanismo pendular (R), no Custo de transporte (C), na frequência cardíaca de exercício (FCexercício), na sensação subjetiva de esforço (RPE), e nos parâmetros eletromiográficos (amplitude média do sinal e co-contração) dos músculos: deltoides anterior (DA), tríceps braquial (TB), vasto lateral (VL), bíceps femoral (BF), tibial anterior (TA) e gastrocnêmio medial (GM) de idosos sedentários. Desenho Experimental: ECR. Local da Pesquisa: Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança (ESEFID) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 32 idosos sedentários randomizados em dois grupos (grupo NW), n=16, idade: 64,6±4,1 anos, massa: 81,5±10,7kg e estatura: 166,3±7,5cm; e o grupo CL, n=16, idade: 68,6±3,9 anos, massa: 74,6±14,5kg e estatura: 161,6±10,3cm), realizaram treinamento de NW e CL durante 8 semanas. Desfechos do estudo A: foram avaliadaos com um estudo de revisão sistemática parâmetros da aptidão funcional de idosos (força e resistência dos membros superiores, força e resistência dos membros inferiores, mobilidade, flexibilidade dos músculos da coluna lombar e da região posterior da coxa, amplitude geral da articulação do ombro, resistência aeróbia e velocidade autosselecionada). Desfechos do estudo B: foram avaliados utilizando questionário de qualidade de vida, testes de equilibrio em plataforma de força e coleta cinemática 3D durante caminhada em esteira rolante para determinação dos Parâmetros funcionais (qualidade de vida, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, velocidade autosselecionada de caminhada e índice de reabilitação locomotor). Desfechos do estudo C: foram avaliados através coletas de dados espirométricos, cinemáticos 3D e eletromiográficos da caminhada em esteira rolante em diferentes velocidades os parâmetros mecânicos e do mecanismo pendular (trabalho mecânico externo, interno e total- Wext, Wint, Wtot, Recovery -R, Custo de transporte -C, Velocidade autosselecionada -VAS), parâmetros eletromiográficos (amplitude média do sinal e co-contração dos músculos DA, TB, VL, BF, TA e GM), frequência cardíaca de exercício – FCexercício, e sensação subjetiva de esforço - RPE, de idosos sedentários,. Análise Estatística: Os dados de descrição da amostra, no baseline, foram comparados aplicando-se ANOVA one-way. Os desfechos foram analisados utilizando as Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas (GEE), para a comparação entre os grupos (NW e CL) e os momentos (pré e pós treino). Utilizou-se um post-hoc de Bonferroni, para identificar as diferenças entre os efeitos e interações. Os dados foram apresentados em “model-based adjusted means”, e foram analisados com o software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v.22.0. Adotou-se um nível de significância de α=0,05. Conclusão: os treinamentos de NW e de CL, promovem melhoras nos componentes da aptidão funcional; no equilíbrio estático e na variabilidade dinâmica de idosos. Contudo algumas diferenças entre as duas intervenções se relacionam ao princípio da especificidade do treinamento e ocorrem apenas nos componentes que receberam mais estímulos impostos pela técnica da caminhada com bastões, especialmente nos membros superiores. Ainda, o incremento da VAS na esteira aliada à utilização do IRL, nos permitem concluir que o treinamento de NW tem relevância clínica e é recomendado como meio de melhora do condicionamento físico e como método de reabilitação de idosos sedentários. Esta atividade física proporciona adaptações centrais com melhora significativa na mobilidade funcional de idosos. Deste modo, após treinamento de resistência aeróbica com e sem bastões os idosos aumentam a velocidade de locomoção nas atividades diárias e com menor custo metabólico devido às adaptações centrais e melhora do mecanismo pendular devido à maior proximidade da VAS à velocidade ótima de caminhada. Ainda há adaptações importantes na ativação muscular decorrentes do treinamento de NW em idosos indicando uma redução dos níveis de co-contração de membros superiores na caminhada sem bastões, à qual repercute diretamente na melhora da aptidão física, na independência funcional dos idosos. Além disso, recomendamos à NW como uma atividade física segura e efetiva para esta população quando a periodização do treinamento são realizados com o volume e intensidade estritamente controlados. / Introduction: Considering the rapid increase in the elderly population and their life expectancy, together with the expansion of Nordic walking (NW) interventions as a training method for the elderly, there is a need for experimental studies (randomized controlled trials, ECRs) of preventive character and of good methodological quality that allow the professionals of physical education, health and rehabilitation to make decisions regarding the type, volume and intensity of NW exercise in the health promotion of sedentary elderly. Objectives: This study aimed (study A) to determine, through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, whether systematic training with NW, compared to free walking (FW), has beneficial effects on components of the functional capacity of sedentary elderly, also (study B) avaluate the effects of eight weeks of NW and FW training on quality of life (QoL), static balance, dynamic variability, self-selected walking speed on treadmill (SSWS) and Locomotor rehabilitation index (LRI) of sedentary elderly, and also evaluate (study C) the effects of eight weeks of NW and FW training on mechanical work (external, internal and total mechanical work -Wext,Wint, Wtot), pendular mechanism (R), Cost of (C), exercise heart rate (HRexercise), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and electromyographic parameters (mean signal amplitude and co-contraction) of muscles: Anterior Deltoid (AD), Triceps Brachii (TB), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Femoral Biceps (BF), Anterior Tibialis (TA) and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) of sedentary elderly. Experimental Design: Controlled Clinical Trial (ECR). Research Location: School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: The sample comprised 33 sedentary participants randomly divided into two groups (NW group, n =16, age: 64.6 ± 4.1 years old, weight: 81.5 ± 10.7 kg and height: 166.3 ± 7.5 cm; and FW group, n =16, age: 68.6 ± 3.9 years, mass: 74.6 ± 14.5 kg and height: 161.6 ± 10.3 cm), performed NW and FW training for 8 weeks. Outcomes of Study A: Parameters of functional fitness of the elderly (upper limb strength and endurance, lower limb strength and endurance, mobility, lumbar spine and posterior hip muscle flexibility, general amplitude of the shoulder joint, aerobic endurance and self-selected speed). Outcomes of study B: Functional parameters (QoL, static and dynamic balance, SSWS and LRI).Outcomes of Study C: Mechanical parameters and pendular mechanism (Wext, Wint, Wtot, R, C, SSS), electromyographic parameters (mean signal amplitude and Co-contraction of AD, TB, VL, BF, AT and MG muscles), HRexercise RPE of sedentary elderly. Statistics Analysis: Sample description data, at baseline, were compared by applying one-way ANOVA. The outcomes were analyzed using Generalized Estimates (GEE), to compare the groups (NW and CL) and the moments (pre and post training). A Bonferroni post-hoc was used to identify the differences between effects and interactions. The data were presented in model-based adjusted means, and were analyzed with the software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v.22.0. A significance level of α = 0.05 was adopted. Conclusion: NW and FW training, promotes improvements in functional fitness components; in the static balance and in the dynamic variability of the elderly. However, some differences between the two interventions are related to the principle of training specificity and occur only in the components that received the most stimuli imposed by the walking technique with poles, especially in the upper limbs. Furthermore, the increase in SSWS on the treadmill combined with the use of LRI allows us to conclude that NW training has clinical relevance and is recommended as a means of improving physical conditioning and as a method of rehabilitation of sedentary elderly. This physical activity provides central adaptations with significant improvement in the functional mobility of the elderly. Thus, after aerobic resistance training with and without poles, the elderly increase the speed of locomotion in daily activities and with lower metabolic cost due to the central adaptations and improvement of the pendulum mechanism due to the greater proximity of the SSWS to the optimal speed of walking. There are still important adaptations in muscle activation resulting from NW training in the elderly indicating a reduction in the levels of co-contraction of upper limbs in walking without walking poles, which directly affects the improvement of physical fitness and functional independence of the elderly. In addition, we recommend NW as a safe and effective physical activity for this population when the periodization of training is performed with the volume and intensity strictly controlled.