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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Robust energy and climate modeling for policy assessment / Améliorer la robustesse de l’évaluation des politiques climatique et énergétique

Nicolas, Claire 01 June 2016 (has links)
La plupart des exercices d’analyse de politiques climatiques ou énergétiques font appelà des modèles dits "d’évaluation intégrée" (MEIs). Ces modèles économie-énergie-climat sont des modèles numériques pluridisciplinaires destinés à étudier lesquestions liées au changement climatique et à sa gestion. Socles d’une accumulationde connaissance, ils ont une visée prospective et aident à traduire les débatsqualitatifs des instances de décisions nationales et internationales en un ensemble dedonnées quantitatives, scientifiquement vérifiables. Leur faible capacité à prendre encompte les incertitudes inhérentes à tout exercice de prospective mais aussi leur tropgrande complexité expliquent pourquoi ces MEIs sont si souvent décriés et leurutilisation remise en question.Ce constat a guidé nos travaux dont l’objectif était de contribuer à améliorer larobustesse des MEIs, afin de renforcer la pertinence de leur utilisation pour l’analysede l’impact de politiques économiques sur le climat-énergie. Nous avons d’abordexaminé comment ces modèles participent aux débats sur le changement climatique etcomment améliorer leur utilisation. Nous avons retracé la genèse de ces modèles etleur évolution et analysé les principales critiques qui leur sont adressées. Dans unsecond temps, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’un des principaux reproches faits auxMEIs : le traitement de l’incertitude. Sur la base de ces analyses, nous avons mis enoeuvre une approche récente de traitement des problèmes d’incertitude paramétrique:l’optimisation robuste, méthode encore très peu utilisée dans le cadre d’étudesprospectives. / Energy-economy and energy-economy-environment models are widely used to assessenergy and climate policies. Developed during the last forty years, these models allowthe study of the interactions between the energy-transport system, the economy andthe climate system. These interactions are very complex as they involve linkages,feedback loops and delays that are not perfectly known and that take place over a longtime horizon.This complexity along with the large uncertainties weighing on the model parametersand main assumptions explain why the use of models in the policy debate, (where themodels address issues on climate change scenarios and on energy planning), is largelycriticized.Based on this observation, our work aimed primarily at increasing the robustness ofthese models, to reinforce the relevance of their use to evaluate economic policyimpacts. At first, we examine how these models should be used to contributeeffectively to the climate and energy policy analysis debate. We review the evolution ofthe modeling practice and question it, discussing its relevance. We then focus on theuncertainty treatment and on the basis of this review, we implement an alternativeway of considering parameter uncertainty when "modeling the future" using robustoptimization.
12

AVALIAÃÃO DE UMA POLÃTICA PÃBLICA DE USO E OCUPAÃÃO DO SOLO: estudo da implementaÃÃo de condomÃnio e/ou loteamentos fechados na zona rural especial no municÃpio de Guaramiranga-Cearà a parir da Lei Municipal N 111/05. / Public Policy of Land Use and Occupation in the Rural Zone of Guaramiranga.

Daniel Pagliuca 21 January 2009 (has links)
A desordem na ocupaÃÃo dos territÃrios brasileiros à um fato real desde a Ãpoca da colonizaÃÃo. Com o passar do tempo, os problemas foram apenas mudando de forma, mas jamais foram solucionados, deixando sempre uma heranÃa difÃcil de ser resolvida. A partir dos anos 1970, inicia-se um grande ciclo de debates em torno dos problemas da desordem urbana e das ocupaÃÃes mal planejadas. ApÃs a aprovaÃÃo da onstituiÃÃo Federal de 1988, os municÃpios brasileiros assaram a ter um novo modo de desenvolver polÃticas pÃblicas urbanÃsticas, recebendo competÃncias legislativas sobre a matÃria e podendo exercer sua funÃÃo de ordenadora da sua territorialidade. Ao ser aprovada a Lei no 10.257/01, que institui o Estatuto da Cidade, ficou definido como se processariam as polÃticas pÃblicas de planejamento urbano. Embora se tenha feito muito, pouco se evoluiu, pois os planos diretores foram sendo criados e aprovados, mas com muitas falhas, pouca legitimidade e participaÃÃo. Neste contexto, esta dissertaÃÃo avalia a PolÃtica PÃblica de Uso e OcupaÃÃo do Solo na Zona Rural do MunicÃpio de Guaramiranga, com base na anÃlise de legitimidade legal da nomenclatura âZona Rural Especialâ, - que nÃo se apresenta como ilegal, mas acaba por gerar dÃvidas aos que operam com a lei. Mediante investigaÃÃo da viabilidade jurÃdica da instalaÃÃo de condomÃnios e loteamentos fechados na Ãrea rural do municÃpio por meio de um trabalho da anÃlise de leis, suscitaram-se os problemas gerados por conflitos entre as normas estaduais que regulamentam a APA de BaturitÃ, e os ditames da lei municipal que se enquadra como competente para regular o uso do solo em zona rural. Isso posto, este trabalho percorre os caminhos da doutrina jurÃdica referente à legalidade dos loteamentos e/ou condomÃnios fechados, apontando que, para a regulamentaÃÃo destes, deve haver normas municipais que os definam, e os empreendimentos devem seguir os preceitos de leis federais que os caracterizem. Com isso, pretendeu-se avaliar esta polÃtica pÃblica e propor soluÃÃes e medidas necessÃrias para o melhor regramento do uso do solo rural do MunicÃpio de Guaramiranga. / The disorder in the occupation of the Brazilian territory is a fact since the colonization period. Over time, the problems just changed forms but never had a solution, always leaving behind a heritage that was hard to solve. The first cities were on the coastland and soon also started to develop towards the inside of the continent. Those cities were usually located close to natural resources that suffered with the pressure exerted over the riverbed deteriorating their natural conditions. As from the 1970âs, a large cycle of debates started about urban disorder problems and unplanned occupations. After the approval of the Federal Constitution of 1988, Brazilian cities started to develop urban public policies in a new way, with legal competency to rule on the issue and power to exert their territorial order function. The approval of Law 10.257/01, which established the City Statute, defined the processing of public urban planning policies. Although a lot has been done, evolution was small, as urban plans were created and approved, however, with many flaws, little legitimacy and participation. In this context, this thesis assesses the Public Policy of Land Use and Occupation in the Rural Zone of Guaramiranga, based on an analysis of the legitimacy of the nomenclature âSpecial Rural Zoneâ which, although not illegal, ends up generating doubts among stakeholders. The examination of the legal viability of the installation of condominiums and land plots in the rural area of the city, through a legal analysis, surveyed the problems created by conflicts between state laws that regulate the APA of BaturitÃ, and the dictates of the Municipal Law, with legal competency to regulate land use in the rural zone. This study looks at the legal doctrine that rules the legality of condominiums and land plots, appointing that, for their regulation, here should be municipal rules to define them, and the projects should follow the rules of the federal laws that characterize them. This study intended to evaluate this public politic and propose solutions and measures needed for a better regulation of rural land use in Guaramiranga.
13

Jigsaws and jugglers : disposition, discourse, and decision-making in the assessment of student nurse practice

Dawson, Kevin Patrick January 2006 (has links)
This research is concerned with the assessment of student nurses' practice, implementation of which has been considered problematic since the move of initial training into higher education. It examines clinical nurses' accounts of assessment, and rejects an approach based on identification of competencies as too rationalistic for a situated practice. Insights from, in particular, Foucault, Deleuze, and Derrida were used to analyse practitioners' alternative discourse of practice, and the processes of self-constitution and decision-making. Eighteen practitioners from different settings were interviewed in depth about how they determine acceptable performance. Three participants were interviewed twice to develop ideas arising from the first round of conversations. Practitioners' accounts challenged the conventional understanding of assessment, and the construction of practice implicit in current policy. The analysis suggests a more fluid, un-predetermined understanding, characterised by hesitation and uncertainty, though without losing a concern with safe practice. Several implications for policy and practice are presented. These require a shift of authority towards practitioners' situated judgements and away from predetermined outcomes, both in respect of programme planning and policy guidelines on the specification of standards. A new alliance is proposed to encourage a more authentic engagement with the process from both clinical and educational practitioners.
14

Policy Relevant Measures of Urban Form: Leed-nd as a Potential Metric for Assessing Regional Sprawl

Shiel, Kyle 01 January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
In recent years there have been many advances in the measurement of urban form. However, there is often a gap between the quantitative and qualitative approach, which can prevent useful policy application- scholars and policy makers often do not speak a similar language. This thesis seeks to answer whether LEED for Neighborhood Development can bridge the gap between the quantitative and qualitative and therefore serve as a useful policy metric for assessing urban form. Does it accurately capture an areas spatial structure and more importantly, is it policy relevant?
15

Ethics in Health Policy for Allergy : A Practical Approach for Decision-Makers

Behrmann, Jason 04 1900 (has links)
Comme à l’approche d’un tsunami, l’incidence grandissante des allergies affecte maintenant plus de 30% de la population des pays développés. Étant la cause de nombreuses morbidités et un risque significatif de mortalité, les allergies nécessitent des dépenses exorbitantes au système de santé et constituent une des plus importantes sources d’invalidité. Cette thèse a pour but de contribuer à faciliter la prise de décision éclairée dans le développement de politiques en santé en lien avec cette maladie immunitaire chronique en utilisant des principes d’éthique comme outils pour guider le développement de politiques en santé. Le premier chapitre démontre le présent déficit d’analyses des enjeux éthiques en allergologie et démontre de quelle façon les réflexions en éthique peuvent guider le développement de politiques et l’élaboration de stratégies appliquées aux allergies. Les chapitres qui suivront présentent des applications spécifiques des principes d’éthiques ciblant des contextes précis comme des méthodes qui fournissent des outils de réflexion et des cadres théoriques qui peuvent être appliqués par les décideurs pour guider des interventions en santé concernant les allergies et les conditions de co-morbidité reliées. Le second chapitre présente un cadre théorique pour l’évaluation et la priorisation d’interventions en santé publique par la diminution des allergènes présents dans l’environnement basées sur des théories de justice sociale. Les critères entourant les politiques d’évaluation se concentrent sur les enjeux éthiques référant aux populations vulnérables, sur une distribution plus égale des bénéfices pour la santé, et sur le devoir d’éviter la stigmatisation. Le troisième chapitre offre aux administrateurs et au personnel infirmier du réseau scolaire un cadre décisionnel pour guider le développement de politiques efficaces et éthiquement justifiables concernant les allergies alimentaires pour les écoles. Dans ce contexte, les principes de base d’éthique en santé publique et en bioéthique - par exemple, l’empowerment des populations vulnérables dans la prise en charge de leur santé et la protection de la confidentialité du dossier médical - servent d’outils pour évaluer les politiques. Le dernier chapitre emploie les principes de base de recherche en éthique comme méthode pour développer un argumentaire en faveur de la réforme des réglementations entourant la production de médicaments immunothérapeutiques. La nécessité éthique d’éviter les risques de méfait à l’endroit du sujet humain dans la recherche permettra de servir de guide pour structurer de futures politiques en santé publique en égard à la production d’immunothérapeutiques à l’échelle mondiale. / Like a slowly rising wave approaching shore, the growing incidence of allergic disease now afflicts over 30% of the population in the developed world. Being the cause of severe morbidities and a significant risk of mortality, allergy requires huge resource expenditures in health care and is a leading cause of disability. This thesis aims to contribute to ameliorating decision-making capacities in health policy development for this chronic immune disease by employing principles of ethics as tools to help structure policy initiatives. The first chapter will demonstrate the current deficiency of ethical analysis in allergology and show how ethical assessments could have utility in guiding policy developments and treatment strategies for allergy. The subsequent chapters present a focused application of ethical principles within specific contexts as a means to provide reflective tools and theoretical frameworks that could be used by decision-makers to guide health interventions for allergy and co-morbid conditions. The second chapter presents a conceptual framework for evaluating and prioritizing public health interventions in minimizing environmental allergens based on theories of social justice. Policy assessment criteria centre on justice issues pertaining to vulnerable populations, the fair distribution of health benefits, and the imperative to avoid stigma. The third chapter provides school administrators with a framework to guide the development of efficacious and ethically sound food allergy policies for schools. In this context, core principles in public health ethics and bioethics – examples being the empowerment of vulnerable populations in controlling their health and protecting confidentiality of medical information – serve as tools for policy assessments. The final chapter employs core principles from research ethics as a method to argue for regulatory reforms in the production of allergenimmunotherapeutic drugs. The ethical imperative to avoid risks of harm to human subjects in research will serve as a guide to structure future health policies in the global production of immuno-therapeutics.
16

Le paysage, levier d'action dans la planification territoriale. Essai d'évaluation de la politique paysagère du SCOT de l’aire métropolitaine de Bordeaux. / Landscape, a mean of action in land use planning. Experimental assessment of the landscape policy in the metropolitan area of Bordeaux.

Labat, Didier 09 November 2011 (has links)
La construction du projet de territoire dans les documents d’urbanisme procède d’une instrumentation de l’action publique pour répondre à des problématiques locales et systémiques. L’élaboration d’un schéma de cohérence territoriale métropolitain met en tension des rivalités d’intérêts. Pour mener à bien le projet, la recherche du consensus est la règle et limite ainsi sa dimension opérationnelle. Dans ce cadre d’interprétation, nous posons comme hypothèse que les politiques paysagères dans les documents d’urbanisme, ne sont pas le plus souvent suffisamment définies pour être mises en œuvre avec efficacité et atteindre leurs objectifs. En adoptant une démarche d’évaluation de la politique paysagère comme outil d’analyse de l’action publique, nous proposons d’analyser l’intervention du SYSDAU dans son schéma directeur de 2001. Cette évaluation suit quatre étapes : une analyse historique, une reconstitution des théories d’action, l’analyse de la compatibilité entre le schéma directeur et trois plans locaux d’urbanisme, et enfin, l’identification de la perception paysagère des populations. Les résultats permettent d’identifier l’efficacité des orientations paysagères, mais également leurs limites. La démarche d’évaluation vise non seulement à traduire l’impact de la politique paysagère du schéma directeur de 2001, mais également à comprendre les mécanismes de réussite ou d’échec des orientations. Les résultats montrent que le paysage constitue un outil de mobilisation et de légitimation de l’action publique, et révèle l’importance de la démarche paysagère dans les documents d’urbanisme. Nous pouvons ainsi proposer aux acteurs une évaluation de leur politique paysagère selon une démarche ex-post, pour identifier des leviers ou des pistes d’action et améliorer la formulation des politiques paysagères des SCOT à venir. / The design of the territory project within urban plans comes from a public action instrumentation. The construction of a metropolitan master plan is the source of conflicting interests. In order to succeed in the project, seeking consensus is the rule, to the detriment of its operational aspects. In this context of interpretation, we have for hypothesis that the landscape policies in the urban plan’s aren’t enough defined for an efficient implementation to reach their objectives. Adopting a landscape policy assessment as a tool for the public action analysis, we propose to analyse the SYSDAU’s intervention in his 2001 urban plan. We have experienced a 4-step approach: a historical analysis, a reconstitution of the action theories, the compatibility analysis between the master plan and three different land use plans, and finally, the analysis of the way the population perceive the landscape. The results from this approach help in identifying the efficiency of the landscape scheme, but also its limits. The assessment aims at, not only explaining the impacts of landscape public policy in 2001, but also understanding their mechanisms, that lead to success or failure. The results show how important the landscape is in building a territory program, and it reveals the strength of a landscaped approach in any urban planning. So, we can now offer to the different actors an evaluation of their land policy following an “ex-post” approach, and thus, identify the leverages or the possible ways to improve the wording of the landscape policy of the SCOT to come.
17

Du capital humain aux capabilités : une analyse des parcours de validation des acquis de l'expérience / From the human capital to capability : an analysis of individual pathways within the french process of accreditation of prior experience

Lecourt, Anne-juliette 28 October 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse analyse les parcours individuels de Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience (VAE), dirigés vers une certification de niveau V. Visant à lutter contre les inégalités d’accès à la certification, nous supposons que la création d’un tel droit individuel, confortant la responsabilité de l’individu quant à la valorisation de son expérience, ne fait pas de ce droit une réalité pour tous.L’objectif est d’observer les phénomènes de différenciation du déploiement de la VAE. Nous avons enrichi les hypothèses ressourcistes et utilitaristes empruntées aux théories du marché du travail (Théories du Capital Humain et du Signal), en soulevant la question de la mise en œuvre réelle de ce droit, et en interrogeant autrement la notion d’expérience. En conséquences, dans la perspective de l’Approche par les Capabilités, nous construisons un modèle d’analyse original qui permet d'examiner dans quelles mesures les parcours individuels en VAE dépendent, non pas seulement d’une évaluation de l’expérience exprimée en nombre d’années, comme on l’entend au sein des Théories du Capital Humain et du Signal, mais également de facteurs personnels, environnementaux et sociaux, objectifs et subjectifs. Ces facteurs de conversion environnementaux, sociaux et individuels déterminent la mise en œuvre des ressources et des droits, dont dispose le candidat au sein du dispositif. Cet ensemble forme une structure de contraintes et d’opportunités et dessine le parcours des candidats. L’expérience est multidimensionnelle et diffuse à travers l’ensemble de ces éléments ; on parle d’ensemble expérientiel. Les estimations de la probabilité de validation (versus abandon ou aucune validation) à l’issue du parcours VAE, réalisées à partir de l’enquête DARES-DREES, tendent à confirmer notre modèle et met en exergue des inégalités qui étaient jusque là invisibles, sur-estimées ou sous-estimées, dans le cadre d’une analyse en terme de Capital Humain et de Signal. / This thesis analyses the individual pathways within the process of accreditation of prior experience (VAE), fighting inequalities of qualification access. This new right makes people responsible to put work experience to advantage, through getting qualification on the basis of work and individual experience, without education. But, to open up a new legal way doesn’t make this right a reality. The aim is to observe phenomena of differentiations relative to the display of the VAE. We have enrich ressourcist and utilitarist hypothesis, which have been derived from labour market theories (Human Capital and Signalling Theories). We ask the question of the real display of the individual right of VAE and the notion of experience. Consequently, from the Capability perspective, we built an original framework to understand in what extent individual pathways depend on personal, environmental and social factors, not only experience which is expressed in number of years, as a rule in the Human Capital and Signalling Theories. These environmental, social and individual conversion factors establish the display of individual resources and rights within the VAE process. This set forms an individual structure of constraints and opportunities and determines the individual pathways. The Experience is multidimensional and diffused through these elements.This model, based on a national survey, highlights existence of different types of individual logics of choices, which means different real possibilities of actions, more or less constricted, and underlines overestimated, underestimated and invisible inequalities.
18

Ethics in Health Policy for Allergy : A Practical Approach for Decision-Makers

Behrmann, Jason 04 1900 (has links)
Comme à l’approche d’un tsunami, l’incidence grandissante des allergies affecte maintenant plus de 30% de la population des pays développés. Étant la cause de nombreuses morbidités et un risque significatif de mortalité, les allergies nécessitent des dépenses exorbitantes au système de santé et constituent une des plus importantes sources d’invalidité. Cette thèse a pour but de contribuer à faciliter la prise de décision éclairée dans le développement de politiques en santé en lien avec cette maladie immunitaire chronique en utilisant des principes d’éthique comme outils pour guider le développement de politiques en santé. Le premier chapitre démontre le présent déficit d’analyses des enjeux éthiques en allergologie et démontre de quelle façon les réflexions en éthique peuvent guider le développement de politiques et l’élaboration de stratégies appliquées aux allergies. Les chapitres qui suivront présentent des applications spécifiques des principes d’éthiques ciblant des contextes précis comme des méthodes qui fournissent des outils de réflexion et des cadres théoriques qui peuvent être appliqués par les décideurs pour guider des interventions en santé concernant les allergies et les conditions de co-morbidité reliées. Le second chapitre présente un cadre théorique pour l’évaluation et la priorisation d’interventions en santé publique par la diminution des allergènes présents dans l’environnement basées sur des théories de justice sociale. Les critères entourant les politiques d’évaluation se concentrent sur les enjeux éthiques référant aux populations vulnérables, sur une distribution plus égale des bénéfices pour la santé, et sur le devoir d’éviter la stigmatisation. Le troisième chapitre offre aux administrateurs et au personnel infirmier du réseau scolaire un cadre décisionnel pour guider le développement de politiques efficaces et éthiquement justifiables concernant les allergies alimentaires pour les écoles. Dans ce contexte, les principes de base d’éthique en santé publique et en bioéthique - par exemple, l’empowerment des populations vulnérables dans la prise en charge de leur santé et la protection de la confidentialité du dossier médical - servent d’outils pour évaluer les politiques. Le dernier chapitre emploie les principes de base de recherche en éthique comme méthode pour développer un argumentaire en faveur de la réforme des réglementations entourant la production de médicaments immunothérapeutiques. La nécessité éthique d’éviter les risques de méfait à l’endroit du sujet humain dans la recherche permettra de servir de guide pour structurer de futures politiques en santé publique en égard à la production d’immunothérapeutiques à l’échelle mondiale. / Like a slowly rising wave approaching shore, the growing incidence of allergic disease now afflicts over 30% of the population in the developed world. Being the cause of severe morbidities and a significant risk of mortality, allergy requires huge resource expenditures in health care and is a leading cause of disability. This thesis aims to contribute to ameliorating decision-making capacities in health policy development for this chronic immune disease by employing principles of ethics as tools to help structure policy initiatives. The first chapter will demonstrate the current deficiency of ethical analysis in allergology and show how ethical assessments could have utility in guiding policy developments and treatment strategies for allergy. The subsequent chapters present a focused application of ethical principles within specific contexts as a means to provide reflective tools and theoretical frameworks that could be used by decision-makers to guide health interventions for allergy and co-morbid conditions. The second chapter presents a conceptual framework for evaluating and prioritizing public health interventions in minimizing environmental allergens based on theories of social justice. Policy assessment criteria centre on justice issues pertaining to vulnerable populations, the fair distribution of health benefits, and the imperative to avoid stigma. The third chapter provides school administrators with a framework to guide the development of efficacious and ethically sound food allergy policies for schools. In this context, core principles in public health ethics and bioethics – examples being the empowerment of vulnerable populations in controlling their health and protecting confidentiality of medical information – serve as tools for policy assessments. The final chapter employs core principles from research ethics as a method to argue for regulatory reforms in the production of allergenimmunotherapeutic drugs. The ethical imperative to avoid risks of harm to human subjects in research will serve as a guide to structure future health policies in the global production of immuno-therapeutics.
19

Avaliação de uma política pública de uso e ocupação do solo: estudo da implementação de condomínio e/ou loteamentos fechados na zona rural especial no município de Guaramiranga-Ceará / Public Policy of Land Use and Occupation in the Rural Zone of Guaramiranga

PAGLIUCA, Daniel January 2009 (has links)
PAGLIUCA, Daniel. Avaliação de uma política pública de uso e ocupação do solo: estudo da implementação de condomínio e/ou loteamentos fechados na zona rural especial no município de Guaramiranga-Ceará. 2009. 158f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2009. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-09-27T16:01:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-DIS-DPAGLIUCA.pdf: 834107 bytes, checksum: c23e24d7fd084ad8448ca44e9fbc01a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-09-27T17:24:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-DIS-DPAGLIUCA.pdf: 834107 bytes, checksum: c23e24d7fd084ad8448ca44e9fbc01a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T17:24:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-DIS-DPAGLIUCA.pdf: 834107 bytes, checksum: c23e24d7fd084ad8448ca44e9fbc01a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The disorder in the occupation of the Brazilian territory is a fact since the colonization period. Over time, the problems just changed forms but never had a solution, always leaving behind a heritage that was hard to solve. The first cities were on the coastland and soon also started to develop towards the inside of the continent. Those cities were usually located close to natural resources that suffered with the pressure exerted over the riverbed deteriorating their natural conditions. As from the 1970’s, a large cycle of debates started about urban disorder problems and unplanned occupations. After the approval of the Federal Constitution of 1988, Brazilian cities started to develop urban public policies in a new way, with legal competency to rule on the issue and power to exert their territorial order function. The approval of Law 10.257/01, which established the City Statute, defined the processing of public urban planning policies. Although a lot has been done, evolution was small, as urban plans were created and approved, however, with many flaws, little legitimacy and participation. In this context, this thesis assesses the Public Policy of Land Use and Occupation in the Rural Zone of Guaramiranga, based on an analysis of the legitimacy of the nomenclature “Special Rural Zone” which, although not illegal, ends up generating doubts among stakeholders. The examination of the legal viability of the installation of condominiums and land plots in the rural area of the city, through a legal analysis, surveyed the problems created by conflicts between state laws that regulate the APA of Baturité, and the dictates of the Municipal Law, with legal competency to regulate land use in the rural zone. This study looks at the legal doctrine that rules the legality of condominiums and land plots, appointing that, for their regulation, here should be municipal rules to define them, and the projects should follow the rules of the federal laws that characterize them. This study intended to evaluate this public politic and propose solutions and measures needed for a better regulation of rural land use in Guaramiranga. / A desordem na ocupação dos territórios brasileiros é um fato real desde a época da colonização. Com o passar do tempo, os problemas foram apenas mudando de forma, mas jamais foram solucionados, deixando sempre uma herança difícil de ser resolvida. A partir dos anos 1970, inicia-se um grande ciclo de debates em torno dos problemas da desordem urbana e das ocupações mal planejadas. Após a aprovação da onstituição Federal de 1988, os municípios brasileiros assaram a ter um novo modo de desenvolver políticas públicas urbanísticas, recebendo competências legislativas sobre a matéria e podendo exercer sua função de ordenadora da sua territorialidade. Ao ser aprovada a Lei no 10.257/01, que institui o Estatuto da Cidade, ficou definido como se processariam as políticas públicas de planejamento urbano. Embora se tenha feito muito, pouco se evoluiu, pois os planos diretores foram sendo criados e aprovados, mas com muitas falhas, pouca legitimidade e participação. Neste contexto, esta dissertação avalia a Política Pública de Uso e Ocupação do Solo na Zona Rural do Município de Guaramiranga, com base na análise de legitimidade legal da nomenclatura “Zona Rural Especial”, - que não se apresenta como ilegal, mas acaba por gerar dúvidas aos que operam com a lei. Mediante investigação da viabilidade jurídica da instalação de condomínios e loteamentos fechados na área rural do município por meio de um trabalho da análise de leis, suscitaram-se os problemas gerados por conflitos entre as normas estaduais que regulamentam a APA de Baturité, e os ditames da lei municipal que se enquadra como competente para regular o uso do solo em zona rural. Isso posto, este trabalho percorre os caminhos da doutrina jurídica referente à legalidade dos loteamentos e/ou condomínios fechados, apontando que, para a regulamentação destes, deve haver normas municipais que os definam, e os empreendimentos devem seguir os preceitos de leis federais que os caracterizem. Com isso, pretendeu-se avaliar esta política pública e propor soluções e medidas necessárias para o melhor regramento do uso do solo rural do Município de Guaramiranga.
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Macroeconomic scenarios for employment in the socio-ecological transition / Scénarios macroéconomiques pour l’emploi dans la transition socio-écologique

Lancesseur, Nicolas 10 December 2015 (has links)
L'objectif général de cette thèse est l'évaluation ex ante des politiques économiques nécessaires en Europe dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Au-delà de l'objectif environnemental, une attention particulière a été portée aux résultats d'emploi de ces politiques. L'analyse des scénarios construits dans cette optique, nous a conduits aux constats suivants: (i) pour respecter les recommandations du GIEC, l'action politique est urgente et doit être forte. (ii) La volonté nécessaire pour mettre en place ces politiques est certes significative, mais l'intensité des efforts n'a rien d'exceptionnel d'un point de vue historique (à l'inverse du réchauffement climatique qui est un défi historique). (iii) S'ils sont bien calibrés, les instruments économiques qui ont pour but de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, permettront également d'améliorer la situation de l'emploi en Europe. (iv) Néanmoins, il serait très risqué d'attendre, pour agir, de trouver des politiques climatiques qui puissent en même temps résorber la totalité du chômage européen, car il est très improbable que de telles politiques soient possibles. En effet, le marché du travail connaît actuellement de lourds déséquilibres, et fera face dans les prochaines décennies à des risques structurels importants. Un des scénarios de cette étude nous a amenés à entreprendre une investigation empirique pour vérifier un choix de modélisation que nous avons fait. Nous avons alors développé un modèle économétrique original pour capter les effets des changements de préférence dans la consommation. Le filtre de Kalman a ainsi été utilisé pour estimer le biais de changement de préférence au moyen d'un système de demande de consommation en données de panel. Plusieurs changements structurels indépendants de l'évolution des prix ou des revenus, tels que la montée des préoccupations des consommateurs pour l'environnement, la santé et le bien-être, ont été identifiés dans nos estimations. Par ailleurs les résultats empiriques apportés par ce modèle confirment que les changements de comportement de consommation simulés dans le scénario construit en première partie sont d'un ordre de grandeur raisonnable. / The general objective of this dissertation is the ex ante assessment of the economic policy response needed in the European Union to take up the climate change issue. Moreover, we tried to maximise the employment results of these policies. The results of the scenarios designed in this framework, lead us to the following beliefs: (i) to respect the recommendations of the IPCC, which is an absolute necessity, the political reaction needs to be rapid and strong from now. (ii) Despite the intensity of the policy response, the scale of the endeavours is not so exceptional in a historical perspective, while global warming is definitely a historical challenge. (iii) The economic instruments aiming at reducing GHG emissions will result, if they are well calibrated, in a significant better situation of the European labour market. (iv) However it would be very dangerous to wait for climate mitigation policies that could selve also completely the labour market issue, because such policies are unlikely to exist. Indeed, the European labour market currently faces serious difficulties and will face important structural risks in the next decades. It is a good thing if the mitigation policies participate to the solution, but the structural disequilibrium of labour market requires a much larger response from policy makers. One of the policy response scenarios led us to make an empirical investigation to verify the credibility of one modelling choice we made. Then, we developed an original econometric mode! aiming to capture the effect of the preferences change on consumption. We used therefore the Kalman fil ter to estimate this bias of preference changes in a consumption demand system in the framework of a panel data model. Severa! structural changes independent of prices or income motions, such as the rise in environmental, health, and well-being concems, are captured by our estimations. Moreover, the empirical results provided by the mode! confirm that the consumers behaviour changes simulated in the scenario built in the first part, are in a reasonable order of magnitude.

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