O trabalho aborda a música popular uruguaia e a relação dos artistas engajados em determinadas causas políticas e sociais, de caráter revolucionário, com o processo de escalada autoritária no país durante o final da década de 60 e início dos anos 70. A pesquisa, portanto, se refere à música como manifestação social e política durante o período que precede o golpe militar no Uruguai, mais especificamente o período de conformação do Estado autoritário no país, durante os governos de Pacheco Areco (1967-71) e Juan Maria Bordaberry (1972 - Junho de 1973). A análise será centrada no cancioneiro de Daniel Viglietti, suas canções e poesia, bem como sua atuação e militância. Será levada em consideração a tradição da poesia política rioplantese, denominada gauchesca, e a relação desta com o cancioneiro popular produzido no período acima proposto. Tal relação pode ser entendida como uma apropriação de um discurso radical já presente na poesia política desde o século XIX que será utilizado pelos artistas engajados da década de 1960. Esta teria sido uma das estratégias de conscientização e luta de setores artísticos organizados em torno de propostas de mudança na região, em um primeiro momento, e de resistência e denúncia à escalada autoritária, em momento posterior. Também será realizada uma análise do papel do intelectual artista e de sua relação com a sociedade civil e movimentos políticos no período. Por fim, será feita a apresentação e análise do cancioneiro de Daniel Viglietti com a intenção de compreender sua produção artística a partir de temáticas que se inseriam nos debates e discussões políticas do período e de sua relação com as propostas de transformação estrutural das sociedades latinoamericanas – via reforma ou revolução. / This project deals with the uruguaian popular music and the engaged artists relations with some of the social and political issues related with revolucionary causes, and the authoritarian escalade process in that country within the late 60's and early 70's. The research refers to music as a social and political manifestation during the period that preceds the military coup in Uruguay, more specificaly the period that the authoritarian State is raising, during Pacheco Areco's government (1967-71) and Juan Maria Bordaberry's government (1972 – June of 1973).The analisys is focused in Daniel Viglietti, his songs and poetry, as well as his actuation and militancy. In this analysis the tradition of the political poetry of the Rio da Prata region, called gauchesca, will be considered, as well as its relation with the poetry and the popular artists work during the studied period. The relation between both can be understood as the apropriation of an authoritarian speech that already existed in the political poetry since the nineteenth century, and that was used by the engaged artists of the 1960 decade as one of the strategies of awareness and struggle for changes, at first, and later on as a strategy of resistence and denouncement. The research will also analyse the intelectual artist role and its relation with the civil society and political movements that took place in that period. Finally, the research analyses Daniel Viglietti's work as an intent to comprehend his artistic prodution and its relation with the political contest and transformation proposals then existing.

O trabalho aborda a música popular uruguaia e a relação dos artistas engajados em determinadas causas políticas e sociais, de caráter revolucionário, com o processo de escalada autoritária no país durante o final da década de 60 e início dos anos 70. A pesquisa, portanto, se refere à música como manifestação social e política durante o período que precede o golpe militar no Uruguai, mais especificamente o período de conformação do Estado autoritário no país, durante os governos de Pacheco Areco (1967-71) e Juan Maria Bordaberry (1972 - Junho de 1973). A análise será centrada no cancioneiro de Daniel Viglietti, suas canções e poesia, bem como sua atuação e militância. Será levada em consideração a tradição da poesia política rioplantese, denominada gauchesca, e a relação desta com o cancioneiro popular produzido no período acima proposto. Tal relação pode ser entendida como uma apropriação de um discurso radical já presente na poesia política desde o século XIX que será utilizado pelos artistas engajados da década de 1960. Esta teria sido uma das estratégias de conscientização e luta de setores artísticos organizados em torno de propostas de mudança na região, em um primeiro momento, e de resistência e denúncia à escalada autoritária, em momento posterior. Também será realizada uma análise do papel do intelectual artista e de sua relação com a sociedade civil e movimentos políticos no período. Por fim, será feita a apresentação e análise do cancioneiro de Daniel Viglietti com a intenção de compreender sua produção artística a partir de temáticas que se inseriam nos debates e discussões políticas do período e de sua relação com as propostas de transformação estrutural das sociedades latinoamericanas – via reforma ou revolução. / This project deals with the uruguaian popular music and the engaged artists relations with some of the social and political issues related with revolucionary causes, and the authoritarian escalade process in that country within the late 60's and early 70's. The research refers to music as a social and political manifestation during the period that preceds the military coup in Uruguay, more specificaly the period that the authoritarian State is raising, during Pacheco Areco's government (1967-71) and Juan Maria Bordaberry's government (1972 – June of 1973).The analisys is focused in Daniel Viglietti, his songs and poetry, as well as his actuation and militancy. In this analysis the tradition of the political poetry of the Rio da Prata region, called gauchesca, will be considered, as well as its relation with the poetry and the popular artists work during the studied period. The relation between both can be understood as the apropriation of an authoritarian speech that already existed in the political poetry since the nineteenth century, and that was used by the engaged artists of the 1960 decade as one of the strategies of awareness and struggle for changes, at first, and later on as a strategy of resistence and denouncement. The research will also analyse the intelectual artist role and its relation with the civil society and political movements that took place in that period. Finally, the research analyses Daniel Viglietti's work as an intent to comprehend his artistic prodution and its relation with the political contest and transformation proposals then existing.

O trabalho aborda a música popular uruguaia e a relação dos artistas engajados em determinadas causas políticas e sociais, de caráter revolucionário, com o processo de escalada autoritária no país durante o final da década de 60 e início dos anos 70. A pesquisa, portanto, se refere à música como manifestação social e política durante o período que precede o golpe militar no Uruguai, mais especificamente o período de conformação do Estado autoritário no país, durante os governos de Pacheco Areco (1967-71) e Juan Maria Bordaberry (1972 - Junho de 1973). A análise será centrada no cancioneiro de Daniel Viglietti, suas canções e poesia, bem como sua atuação e militância. Será levada em consideração a tradição da poesia política rioplantese, denominada gauchesca, e a relação desta com o cancioneiro popular produzido no período acima proposto. Tal relação pode ser entendida como uma apropriação de um discurso radical já presente na poesia política desde o século XIX que será utilizado pelos artistas engajados da década de 1960. Esta teria sido uma das estratégias de conscientização e luta de setores artísticos organizados em torno de propostas de mudança na região, em um primeiro momento, e de resistência e denúncia à escalada autoritária, em momento posterior. Também será realizada uma análise do papel do intelectual artista e de sua relação com a sociedade civil e movimentos políticos no período. Por fim, será feita a apresentação e análise do cancioneiro de Daniel Viglietti com a intenção de compreender sua produção artística a partir de temáticas que se inseriam nos debates e discussões políticas do período e de sua relação com as propostas de transformação estrutural das sociedades latinoamericanas – via reforma ou revolução. / This project deals with the uruguaian popular music and the engaged artists relations with some of the social and political issues related with revolucionary causes, and the authoritarian escalade process in that country within the late 60's and early 70's. The research refers to music as a social and political manifestation during the period that preceds the military coup in Uruguay, more specificaly the period that the authoritarian State is raising, during Pacheco Areco's government (1967-71) and Juan Maria Bordaberry's government (1972 – June of 1973).The analisys is focused in Daniel Viglietti, his songs and poetry, as well as his actuation and militancy. In this analysis the tradition of the political poetry of the Rio da Prata region, called gauchesca, will be considered, as well as its relation with the poetry and the popular artists work during the studied period. The relation between both can be understood as the apropriation of an authoritarian speech that already existed in the political poetry since the nineteenth century, and that was used by the engaged artists of the 1960 decade as one of the strategies of awareness and struggle for changes, at first, and later on as a strategy of resistence and denouncement. The research will also analyse the intelectual artist role and its relation with the civil society and political movements that took place in that period. Finally, the research analyses Daniel Viglietti's work as an intent to comprehend his artistic prodution and its relation with the political contest and transformation proposals then existing.

M.A (Semitic languages) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

<p>In this thesis, I investigate Canadian poetry that is explicitly about the political (politicians, political parties, or political policies) written in English. I begin by defining political poetry and its aims in Canada and then progress through an examination of three collections of poetry and one poem: <em>The Blasted Pine</em>; <em>Howl Too, Eh?</em>; and <em>Rogue Stimulus</em>. This allows for a comprehensive look at how political poetry has evolved in Canada from a pointed and critical genre that aims to mock and argue to a more subtle, playful genre that utilizes parody and wit. It also demonstrates the evolution and complication of voice in political poetry, given that each poem contains the voice of the poet, the speaker, the public, and the political.</p> <p>I argue that political poetry in Canada is not poetry as dissent, protest, or witness, but rather poetry as inquiry/commission (in the political sense). This definition relies on the fact that Canadian political poetry seeks to ascribe accountability for political actions and decisions and utilizes the poet as spokesperson, speaking for the public to the political (and the public in turn). Canadian political poetry hence arises out of a demand from the public, much like political inquiries do, and through the satirical use of politically correct language and explicit political references calls for action from the political sphere and the public. I further argue that poetry as inquiry also comments on the public itself (including the author/speaker as a member of that public) and that political poetry is transideological.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

The reputation of the Florentine politician, political thinker, and writer Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) has been largely shaped by his controversial political treatises, The Prince and Discourses on Livy. However, Machiavelli left us a broader and diverse corpus of writings. This dissertation focuses on what is perhaps the least-known portion of this corpus: Machiavelli’s poetry. Traditionally, scholars of Machiavelli have considered his engagement with poetry as a narrow and marginal component of his intellectual biography. Conversely, this project showcases how Machiavelli’s poetic activity, which he pursued throughout the vast majority of his adult life, intersected a broad spectrum of human and intellectual concerns, cultural practices, and social interactions. In light of this, poetry provides a unique opportunity to reassess the figure of Machiavelli across its full range of dimensions. Concurrently, Machiavelli’s poetic writings offer valuable insight into the manifold roles that poetry could play in the cultural and social world of Renaissance Florence. To illustrate the scope of Machiavelli’s poetic activity, this dissertation analyzes selections of Machiavelli’s political, amorous, and comic poems. In Chapter 1, devoted to Machiavelli’s political poetry, I address the three poems On Fortune, On Ingratitude, and On Ambition (also known as the Capitoli on account of their meter). I begin by assessing how Florence’s tradition of civic and poetic rhetoric influenced Machiavelli’s three poems, which allows me to then elucidate how the poems fit into Machiavelli’s anthropological-political laboratory. Indeed, my analysis shows how a rhetorically-informed approach facilitates the task of interpreting Machiavelli’s political thought across prose and poetry. In Chapter 2, I look at Machiavelli’s love poetry in relation to notions of desire, gender, and sexuality. Specifically, I focus on two poems that appear to voice homoerotic desire as well as on the two poems that Machiavelli addressed to the Florentine courtesan, virtuosa, and poet Barbera (b. 1500). My analysis highlights two complementary functions that the practice of love poetry had for Machiavelli and his contemporaries. On the one hand, love poetry was a vehicle for articulating reflections on love, gender, and sexuality. On the other, the practice of love poetry facilitated an array of homosocial and mixed-gender interactions. In Chapter 3, I move on to consider Machiavelli’s comic poetry. In particular, I analyze Machiavelli’s three sonnets to Giuliano de’ Medici and his two political epigrams. In so doing, I foreground how Machiavelli’s comic poetry intertwined humor and gravity by leveraging four ingredients: wordplay, parody, satire, and gallows humor. As part of my analysis, I also call attention to the role that those ingredients played in some literary and social practices of the Italian Renaissance.

This thesis sets out to examine the role of the poems in Echo (a supplement to the Natal Witness) that were published between 1986 and 1994. I will be exploring these poems in the light of the political conflict that was taking place between Inkatha, on the one hand, and the United Democratic Front/Congress ofSouth African Trade Unions (UDF/COSATU), and later on the African National Congress (ANC), on the other. The introductory chapter will deal with the scope ofmy research. It will outline what it is that I will be researching and the direction of my research. I will also begin to introduce some of the key theoretical assumptions around izibongo (praise poetry) and some of its key definitions as a dominant tradition that influenced some of the Echo poets. Chapter Two will deal with the history of the Echo Poetry Corner itself. It looks at its early beginnings, who conceived the idea and why, and what the editorial policy of this page was. It will also shed some light on how complex issues, such as the originality and authenticity of the poems, were dealt with. The third chapter deals with the background to the political conflict in the Natal Midlands and in Pietermaritzburg in particular. It will be an analysis of violence, its origins and its interpretations, and will show how violence affected the people and the poets around Pietermaritzburg. In Chapter Four I will begin to critically analyse the poems, looking at various themes that were expressed in the poems. I will also define the role that these poems played in the political conflict, looking at whether they engaged with the reality of the time or tried to escape it. In conclusion, Chapter Five deals with my findings on the role that the Echo poems played during the political conflict. It will also address the issue of the role of the poet or poetry in a violent society. The positive role of poetry during war will also be dealt with. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

This dissertation focuses on the political verse and journalism by the Scottish Gaelic poet, scholar, publisher, and activist Derick Thomson (Ruaraidh MacThòmais, 1921-2012). The chosen set of themes can be broadly described as "political issues", although Thomson should not be regarded only as a political poet in the narrow sense of a propagandist, nor does his political poetry deal with elections and campaigns. The political aspect of his poetry is much broader, including concerns with language and power. Politics also represent the connection between Thomson's multiple activities, and therefore a suitable framework in which to explore them. So far, the prevailing paradigm for studying Thomson's works has been the poetry of place, a concept deeply rooted in the Gaelic tradition, and both popular and critical attention was paid especially to his Lewis poems and, to a less extend, his writing about Glasgow. This dissertation strives to provide answers to the following questions: Which political issues can be traced in Thomson's poetry? What were his main concerns? How does he handle politics in his verse? Are there poems where a political interpretation might be constructed, but that also allow other ways of reading? What were Thomson's actual political convictions, as far as we can reconstruct...

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