博士（社会学） / II, 189 p. / 一橋大学

This thesis deals with the postwar travelers between Czechoslovakia and Great Britain in 1945 - 1948 and it is thematiclly divided into three chapters. The first part focuses on the impacts of the war on European countries and mainly on Czechoslovakia, Breat Britain and Germany. It mainly emphasizes the state of transport infrastructure, which has played a key role in bringing people back home. An important part of these returns was also the sophisticated plan that the Czechoslovak government in exile created. The second part examines the development of Czechoslovak - British relations as well as the work of diplomatic and cultural institutions which played a key role in providing foreign internships and foreign study programs. Through study programs, many students and researchers could visit Great Britain. The work of Czechoslovak exiles and their influence on the British public is also taken into account in this work. The final part examines the travel conditions in post - war Europe. It tries to examine these travel conditions from historical sources and mainly the written and audiovisual memories of the witnesses. The emphasis here is on the description of repatriation from the United Kingdom and on the restoration of civilian transport routes, which have recovered quite quickly after 1945.

Privatization of the state-owned enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 - 2015 Štěpán Šantrůček Abstract The diploma thesis "Privatization of the state-owned enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 - 2015" analyses the privatization after the end of war in B&H in the context of dual transition from war to peace (postwar reconstruction) and from the centrally planned economy to liberal market. The thesis analyses the specifics of the privatization processes in B&H such as direct involvement of the international community, decentralization, ethnicization and misuse in order to reach the nationalist-motivated political goals. The thesis concludes that the privatization process was extremely influenced by the division of the society along the ethnic lines which had a significant impact on the country's economy, social conditions of the population and reintegration of the society after the war in 1992 - 1995.

In this paper, I investigate changes in the job market composition during Sweden’s “Golden Age” between the end of WWII and the 1974 oil crisis to examine to which degree this reflects an earlier job polarization than previously thought and validates that era’s anxieties about automation. Drawing from individual income and occupational data from a representative sample of the Swedish population from the year 1940, 1950, 1960 and 1970 and using the Historical International Standard of Classification of Occupations (HISCO) to make the data sets comparable, I demonstrate a general decrease in the share of blue-collar professionals and a general increase in the share of white-collar professionals, as well as a transition from unskilled to semi-skilled and skilled jobs. This indicates skill-biased technological change as the underlying force in the Swedish economy at the time, refuting Gustavsson’s (2017) previous findings regarding an early Swedish job polarization as well as general claims about deskilling. Lastly, using Acemoglu’s (2017) framework for enabling and replacing technologies, I argue the degree to which the pervasiveness of enabling technologies helped shape the Swedish Golden Age has been underappreciated, carrying lessons for our current era of generation-defining technologies and contemporary discussions surrounding automation.

Studies of postwar Germany, from 1945-1955, have concentrated on the American influence as a military occupier, the development of German reconstruction and national identity, and memory of this period from the German perspective. Within the memory analyses, firsthand accounts have been analyzed to understand the perspectives of Germans living through the postwar period. Absent from this historiography is an account of American memories and firsthand perspectives of the occupation, particularly during the 1950-1955 period. This thesis employs oral histories of American veterans stationed in postwar Germany, American propaganda and popular cultural mediums during the early 1950s, and modern historiographical trends to provide an understanding of how Americans remember the German postwar decade. American veterans remembered this period, and their encounters with local Germans, as a positive experience. These positive memories were mediated by 1950s Cold War rhetoric and propaganda and were subsequently predicated upon the men's perspective as occupying soldiers. Their recollections align with American popular memory delineating the military occupation as ending in 1949 upon the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany, therefore overshadowing the 1950-1955 period of occupation. The ways in which Americans remember the postwar occupation in Germany, particularly from 1950-1955, inform broader memory and historical narrative trends of this era.

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This thesis considers the position of the British financial sector in the economic strategy of social democracy during the 1960s and 1970s. In doing so it attempts to shed light on a broader question – what caused the collapse of the postwar social democratic project in Britain during the final quarter of the twentieth century? It contends that the social democratic project faced a variety of challenges to its principles, assumptions, and practices in the two decades prior to the election of Margaret Thatcher as a result of changes to the financial system. These challenges offered opportunities for the advance of social democracy beyond the norms established following the Second World War, but the capacity to pursue these was constrained in a number of ways. The emergence of institutional investment, and the breakdown of the postwar banking settlement, undermined the social democratic methods for managing and controlling credit and investment, yet also offered the opportunity to advance the State’s capacity to intervene in the economy. However the ability of the left to renew and rebuild the social democratic economic project along more advanced, interventionist lines was limited by new material constraints which made extensive reform of the financial system and the domestic economy extremely difficult. Structural changes to the international financial system following the breakdown of the Bretton Woods settlement, combined with the severe economic crisis of the 1970s, imposed new limits on the freedom of governments to engage in domestic-focused macroeconomic management. As the methods and techniques of social democratic economic strategy became less effective, the ideal of developing an advanced industrial economy through State coordination faded. In its place a new conception of the British economy was promoted which sought to revive its historic liberal and internationalist role in which the City of London was at its heart.

The thesis deals with actions and activities of Central Press Supervision Office in the period 1953-1966. The goals of this thesis may be further divided in four areas, i.e. gradual formation of Central Press Supervision Office, specific fields of interest of censorship, personnel resources, and finally departmental division of the above mentioned Office. The thesis is sourced mainly from primary materials in archives. The acquisition and further research of such materials in their historical context made it possible to postulate and clarify given thesis subject. The thesis offers a complex overview of the function of Central Press Supervision Office within the background of censorship in The Czech Republic as a whole and with regard to its specific aspects.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o mapeamento do espaço que ocupa Terayama Shūji, poeta, escritor, dramaturgo e diretor de cinema japonês, frente ao período histórico a que pertenceu e frente às teorias da vanguarda e do pós-modernismo. A investigação se inicia com o período do pós-guerra no Japão, quando em meio a protestos e ansiedades políticas, floresce na capital do país uma nova vanguarda artística. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado a um exame do teatro angura e da nova onda do cinema, dois movimentos dos quais Terayama fez parte. Procura-se então delinear suas propostas artísticas e suas principais influências, japonesas e estrangeiras, examinando como seu trabalho se aproxima ou se afasta do paradigma pós-moderno conforme teorizado principalmente por Fredric Jameson, mas levando em conta reflexões sobre as aplicações desse conceito especificamente no Japão. Por fim, o último capítulo se debruçará sobre dois longas-metragens do diretor Joguem seus livros, vamos às ruas, de 1971, e Pastoral: Morrer no campo, de 1974 de modo a encontrar exemplos do seu caráter experimental, subversivo, de sua insurreição contra as instituições da família e do Estado e de suas complexas relações com a política, a história, o pastiche e a espetacularização. / This research aims at mapping the space occupied by Terayama Shūji, a Japanese poet, playwright and filmmaker, in his historical context and in relation to avant-garde and postmodernism theories. The investigation begins with postwar Tokyo, when amid protests and a climate of political anxiety, a new avant-garde movement starts to flourish. The first chapter is dedicated to an examination of the angura theatre and the Japanese new wave, two of the movements Terayama was part of. We shall then trace his general artistic views and main influences, Japanese and foreign, examining how they relate to postmodern characteristics as theorized mainly by Fredric Jameson, but also inquiring at how this very concept can apply to the Japanese context. In the last chapter, we shall take two of Terayamas feature films Throw Away Your Books, Rally In The Streets and Pastoral: To Die in The Country for further analysis, in order to find more specific examples of his experimental and subversive character, his rejection of the institutions of family and the State, and his complex relationship with politics, history, pastiche and spectacularization.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo detalhado de alguns relatos publicados na América Latina durante o pós-guerra, período em que as concepções dominantes sobre o humano entram em crise e nota-se um inegável interesse em problematizar os conceitos sobre humanidade e animalidade, por meio da ficção. A análise desses contos, considerados pertencentes ao modo fantástico da literatura, indaga sobre como o sentimento perturbador que caracteriza esse estilo pode surgir a partir da peculiar relação que se estabelece entre o humano e o animal, e mais especificamente, da transgressão das fronteiras que separam esses dois universos, que sob uma perspectiva logocêntrica moderna - parecem tão distanciados: a cultura e a natureza. Os relatos escolhidos pertencem aos seguintes livros: Bestiario (1951) de Julio Cortázar, Confabulario (1952) de Juan José Arreola, Mundo Animal (1953) e Cuentos Claros (1957), de Antonio Di Benedetto, e dois contos de Felisberto Hernández, \"Cocodrilo\" (1949) e \"La mujer parecida a mí\" (1949). Ainda que não faça parte do corpus, é importante mencionar El libro de los Seres Imaginarios (1967), de Jorge Luis Borges, por sua importância na investigação do tema. / This work presents a detailed study about some specific short stories published in Latin America during the postwar period, when the dominant conceptions about the human being fall in crisis and it is observed an undeniable interest in problematizing concepts of humanity and animality, through the fiction. The analysis of these reports, considered part of the fantastic literature, aims to investigate how the disturbing feeling that characterizes the fantasy can arise from the peculiar relationship established between the man and the animal, and more specifically, from the erosion of the boundaries separating these two worlds, which under a modern and logocentric perspective - seem to be so distant: culture and nature. The cited stories have been selected from the following books: Bestiario (1951) by Julio Cortázar, Confabulario (1952) by Juan José Arreola, Mundo Animal (1953) and Cuentos Claros (1957), by Antonio Di Benedetto, and two tales of Philibert Hernández, \"Crocodilo\" (1949) and \"La mujer parecida a mí \"(1949). Although it is not part of the corpus, El libro de los Seres Imaginarios (1967) by Jorge Luis Borges, is mentioned due to its importance to the investigation of the subject.