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Basic Concepts of Project Finance in PPP / Conceptos Básicos del Project Finance en APPNalvarte Salvatierra, Pierre, Calderón Cubillas, James 10 April 2018 (has links)
Project Finance is an alternative financing mechanism to Corporate Finance which allows the companies to finance large infrastructure projects without endangers their own assets and heritage.Through Project Finance is possible to carry out major public works in the context of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Contracts, which the main guarantee of the creditors will be exploitation rights of the company that signs the public infrastructure contract, either by charging a fee to users (in case of self-sustaining PPP) or by charging a pre agreed amount to the State (in case of co-financed PPP).For a successful structuring of a PPP Project Finance, the joint work of a number of actors and legal instruments are required in order to complete the financing necessary circle in conditions of acceptable risk. The required actors are the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), the State, the Permitted Creditors, the Builder and Trustee. Among the necessary legal instruments include the PPP Contract, the Financing Contract, the Construction Contract and the Trust Agreement. / El Project Finance es un mecanismo de financiamiento alternativo al Corporate Finance que permite el financiamiento de grandes proyectos de infraestructura, sin necesidad de que las corporaciones pongan en riesgo su patrimonio y activos propios. A través del Project Finance se pueden ejecutar obras públicas de envergadura, en el marco de Contratos de Asociación Público Privada (APP), en donde la principal garantía de los Acreedores consistirá en el derecho que tiene la empresa que suscribe dicho contrato para explotar la infraestructura pública, bien sea a través del cobro de una tarifa a los Usuarios (en el caso de las APP Autosostenibles) o a través del cobro de un monto pre acordado con el Estado (en el caso de las APP Cofinanciadas). Para la estructuración exitosa de un Project Finance en una APP se requiere el trabajo conjunto de una serie de actores y de instrumentos jurídicos que completen el círculo necesario para el financiamiento en condiciones de riesgo aceptables. Los actores necesarios son la Sociedad de Propósito Exclusivo (SPE), el Estado, los Acreedores Permitidos, el Constructor y un Fiduciario. Entre los instrumentos jurídicos necesarios destacan el Contrato de APP, el Contrato de Financiamiento, el Contrato de Construcción y el Contrato de Fideicomiso.
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Parceria Público Privadas e Ganhos Extraordinários: Uma Análise da PPP do Hospital do Subúrbio em Salvador/BASantos, Enoque Barbosa dos 17 November 2015 (has links)
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Dissert_Enoque_4_Rev.pdf: 1560447 bytes, checksum: a262ba93bd774b3ef58f79f46ec40549 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa investigou a parceria público-privada (PPP) do Hospital do Subúrbio (HS) em Salvador/BA, buscando analisar a ocorrência ou não de ganhos extraordinários para o parceiro privado. O HS é um hospital público gerido por uma empresa privada, através de um contrato de PPP. O referencial teórico da Teoria dos Contratos (TC) foi utilizado, no que tange aos custos de transação ex ante e ex post. A TC traz a incompletude contratual, que por sua vez é um atrativo para o capital financeiro nas relações de PPP´s.
Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa para análise de dados. Foi realizado confronto entre as Taxas Interna de Retorno (TIR) entre os períodos T0 e T1, avaliando seu deslocamento para verificação da ocorrência ou não de ganhos extraordinários. Discutiu-se a variação
dos indicadores qualitativos e quantitativos entre o edital e o contrato. Estes indicadores validam a quantia a ser paga ao parceiro privado, tendo como teto a contraprestação mensal máxima. Em alguns períodos encontrou-se incompatibilidade parcial entre os indicadores e os valores efetivamente pagos ao parceiro privado, sugerindo a ocorrência de ganhos extraordinários em favor do parceiro privado. Os resultados da pesquisa também sugerem que a relação de PPP do HS tem potencial para geração de ganhos extraordinários favorável ao parceiro privado através da aplicação do Fluxo de Caixa Marginal (FCM). Este é um mecanismo mitigador do risco de pedidos de reequilíbrio econômico e financeiro aplicado ao contrato. Entretanto, encontrou-se um deslocamento da TIR favorável ao parceiro privado provocada pela execução do próprio instrumento mitigador do risco. A literatura nacional não havia discutido até então, os ganhos
extraordinários em contratos de PPP´s.
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Posterior Predictive Model Checking in Bayesian NetworksJanuary 2014 (has links)
abstract: This simulation study compared the utility of various discrepancy measures within a posterior predictive model checking (PPMC) framework for detecting different types of data-model misfit in multidimensional Bayesian network (BN) models. The investigated conditions were motivated by an applied research program utilizing an operational complex performance assessment within a digital-simulation educational context grounded in theories of cognition and learning. BN models were manipulated along two factors: latent variable dependency structure and number of latent classes. Distributions of posterior predicted p-values (PPP-values) served as the primary outcome measure and were summarized in graphical presentations, by median values across replications, and by proportions of replications in which the PPP-values were extreme. An effect size measure for PPMC was introduced as a supplemental numerical summary to the PPP-value. Consistent with previous PPMC research, all investigated fit functions tended to perform conservatively, but Standardized Generalized Dimensionality Discrepancy Measure (SGDDM), Yen's Q3, and Hierarchy Consistency Index (HCI) only mildly so. Adequate power to detect at least some types of misfit was demonstrated by SGDDM, Q3, HCI, Item Consistency Index (ICI), and to a lesser extent Deviance, while proportion correct (PC), a chi-square-type item-fit measure, Ranked Probability Score (RPS), and Good's Logarithmic Scale (GLS) were powerless across all investigated factors. Bivariate SGDDM and Q3 were found to provide powerful and detailed feedback for all investigated types of misfit. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Psychology 2014
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Avaliação e mitigação dos efeitos ionosféricos no posicionamento por ponto preciso GNSS no BrasilROCHA, Gilmara Dannielle de Carvalho 06 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / CNPq / Umas das maiores fontes causadoras de erro no posicionamento GNSS é a ionosfera, sendo que o efeito provocado por esta camada da atmosfera é um dos mais impactantes no processo de estimativa das coordenadas, principalmente para dados coletados com receptores de simples frequência. A modelagem matemática da refração ionosférica é complexa devido às variações diárias, sazonais, de curto e longo período, além de outros fenômenos que ocorrem na atmosfera, tal como a cintilação ionosférica. Em se tratando de posicionamento absoluto com receptores de simples frequência, seja Posicionamento por Ponto Simples (PP) ou Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso (PPP), estratégia adequada de correção dos efeitos ionosféricos devem ser adotadas. A correção da ionosfera para dados de simples frequência pode ser realizada a partir de modelo matemático, tal como o de Klobuchar, Mapas Globais ou Regionais da Ionosfera ou a partir da estimativa residual da ionosfera. Quando se tem disponível dados de duas frequências é possível utilizar a combinação ion-free, a qual permite eliminar os efeitos de primeira ordem da ionosfera. Contudo esta combinação faz com que as ambiguidades percam suas características de números inteiros, bem como realça outros níveis de ruído tal como o multicaminho. Uma possibilidade para atenuar os efeitos da ionosfera é a aplicação da estimativa dos efeitos residuais junto com as coordenadas incógnitas da estação e outros parâmetros. Neste caso, os efeitos da ionosfera podem ser tratados como um processo estocástico no Filtro de Kalman e se pode aplicar tal estratégia para dados de simples ou dupla frequência. Essa estratégia pode facilitar a solução das ambiguidades como inteiras e consequentemente permite a obtenção de resultados mais acurados no posicionamento geodésico. Dentro deste contexto, esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta a avaliação da acurácia do posicionamento absoluto GPS com aplicação de diferentes estratégias de correção da ionosfera. Foram realizados processamentos no modo PPP com dados GPS coletados em estações da RBMC em períodos de alta e baixa atividade solar para os anos de 2010 a 2013, onde se aplicou a correção da ionosfera advinda do modelo de Klobuchar, dos mapas globais (GIM – Global Ionospheric Map) e regionais (LPIM – La Plata Ionospheric Model), além da estimativa residual da ionosfera. As coordenadas estimadas foram comparadas com aquelas advindas da solução semanal SIRGAS-CON, a qual é
dada atualmente em ITRF2008 e o Erro Médio Quadrático (EMQ), seja diário ou anual foi utilizado como medidor de acurácia. Ao aplicar as correções da ionosfera advinda dos mapas globais e regionais na estimativa de coordenadas no PPP utilizando somente medidas de código, observou-se melhoria de até 80% em relação ao PPP sem correção da ionosfera. O PPP com correção ionosférica advinda dos mapas regionais produziu melhorias diárias da ordem de 10% em relação ao uso dos mapas globais. Com base nas melhorias produzidas com a utilização do modelo ionosférico regional, foi proposta a modificação do modelo estocástico do ajustamento tendo em vista que somente o modelo funcional é afetado pelas correções ionosféricas advindas dos mapas. Com relação à estimativa residual da ionosfera foram realizados experimentos envolvendo medidas de código e fase na frequência L1 com geração de séries temporais anuais de coordenadas para diversas estações da RBMC, cuja acurácia alcançada foi da ordem de 10 cm no PPP com solução diária. / One of the largest sources of errors in the GNSS positioning is the ionosphere considering that the effect caused by that atmosphere layer is one of the most impacting in the coordinate estimation process, especially for data collected with single frequency receivers. Mathematical modeling of ionospheric refraction is complex due to daily variation in as well as, seasonal short and long period and also other phenomena occurring in the atmosphere such as ionospheric scintillation. Concerning the absolute positioning with single frequency receivers, whether Single Point Positioning (PP) or by Precise Point Positioning (PPP), appropriate strategy to correct the ionospheric effects should be adopted. The ionosphere correction for single frequency data can be performed from mathematical model, such as Klobuchar, Global or Regional Ionosphere maps or from residual ionosphere estimating. When one has available data from two frequencies it is possible to apply the ionosphere free combination which allows eliminating the first order ionosphere effects. However, this combination makes ambiguities lose its integer characteristics as well as amplify other noise levels as for instance multipath. One possibility to mitigate the ionosphere effects is the application of the ionosphere residual estimation along with coordinates station and other parameters. In this case, the ionosphere effects can be treated as a stochastic process in the Kalman filter where it is possible to apply that strategy for single or dual frequency data. This strategy can facilitate the integer ambiguities resolutions and consequently allows obtaining more accurate results in geodetic positioning. Inside this context, this master thesis presents the accuracy evaluation of the GPS absolute positioning by applying different strategies for ionosphere corrections. Processing was performed in PPP mode with GPS data collected in brazilizan RBMC stations in periods of high and low solar activities for the years 2010-2013, where it was applied ionosphere correction from Klobuchar model, global (GIM - Global Ionospheric Map) and regional (LPIM - La Plata Ionospheric Model) maps and the residual ionosphere estimation. The estimated coordinates were compared with those coming from SIRGAS-CON in a weekly solution which is currently given in ITRF2008 and Root Mean Square (RMS), either daily or annually, was used as accuracy measuring. When applying ionosphere corrections from global and regional maps in the PPP coordinates estimation using only code measurements, it was observed improvements of up to 80% comparing
with PPP without ionosphere correction. The PPP with ionospheric correction coming from regional maps produced daily improvements of around 10% in relation to applying global maps. Based on improvements reached with corrections from regional ionospheric model, it was proposed the modification of the stochastic model for adjustment considering that only the functional model is affected by the ionospheric corrections coming from maps. Regarding the residual ionosphere estimation experiments were performed involving code and phase measurements in the L1 frequency with generation of coordinates annual time series considering the chosen RBMC stations whose accuracy achieve approximately 10 cm in PPP with daily solution.
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Situação do modelo de transferência de tecnologia da parceria público-privada entre Embrapa e Fundação Meridional / Situation the model for technology transfer in the public-private partnership: Embrapa and Fundação MeridionalDalbosco, Milton 29 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and the Southern Foundation for Agricultural Research Support (Fundação Meridional), signed in the beginning of year 2.000, a Public-Private Partnership (PPP), looking forward to develop strategies for an efficient model of technology transfer, specially in the dissemination of results from the research projects developed with soybean crop. Among the techniques used by this model, which served as communication channels, are items such as ranking, validation, Special Observation Unit (UOE) and Special Field Day (DCE), Annual Technology Transfer Plan (PATT), Expositive Crop Areas, Technical Trainings, Field Days and also Technical and Commercial Meetings (CRTC). Each one of these tools has its limitations, weaknesses, strengths, flexibilities and generate many benefits, but also suffer the influence of brazilian seed market requirements. Another fact mentioned in this study is that the strategies developped and employed by this public-private partnership provide improvements in effectiveness of instruments for technology transfer and so improved technical and economic performance, specially by bringing together the work of researchers, technicians and farmers. The information exchange among the agents involved in this process and the activity interaction, performed in this model, certainly increase agricultural research in Brazil. / A Embrapa e a Fundação Meridional de Apoio à Pesquisa Agropecuária firmaram no início deste século XXI, uma Parceria Público-Privada (PPP), que buscou delimitar estratégias para a criação de um eficiente modelo de transferência de tecnologia, especialmente na divulgação do projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido com a cultura da soja na safra 2012/2013. Entre as técnicas utilizadas por este modelo e que serviram de canais de comunicação estão itens como Ranqueamento, Validação, UOE e DCE (Unidade de Observação Especial e Dia de Campo Especial), Plano Anual de Transferência de Tecnologia (PATT), Lavouras Expositivas, Treinamentos Técnicos, Dias de Campo e Ciclo de Reuniões Técnicas e Comerciais (CRTC). Cada uma dessas ferramentas apresenta limitações, fragilidades, fortalezas, flexibilidades, geram muitos benefícios, mas sofrem com a influência das exigências do mercado de sementes no País. Outro fator mencionado neste estudo é que as estratégias empregadas por esta parceria propiciam melhorias no nível de eficácia dos instrumentos de transferência de tecnologias e um melhor desempenho técnico e econômico, principalmente pela aproximação entre os trabalhos realizados por obtentores, pesquisadores, profissionais e agricultores , pois o emprego destas técnicas tem colaborado decisivamente para que possam participar conjunta e ativamente das etapas dos programas de melhoramento genético desenvolvidos pela parceria pública-privada Embrapa e Fundação Meridional. O intercâmbio de informações - entre os agentes envolvidos no processo - e a interação das atividades desempenhadas neste modelo contribuem ainda mais para o fortalecimento da pesquisa agropecuária no Brasil.
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Die Rolle der PPP Projekte bei Investitionsvorhaben der deutschen Kommunen / The role of Public-Private Partnerships in the municipal Investment intentions of GermanyŠuráňová, Petra January 2008 (has links)
This diploma thesis is a comprehensive and up-to-date review of public private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects at the municipal level in Germany. Public private partnerships use the know-how and the skills of the private sector for the construction and operation of infrastructure and for the long-term provision of public services. The overall goal of this thesis is to discuss the municipal government's approach to PPP infrastructure projects. The theoretical part of this thesis includes informations and fundamental characteristics of public private partnership project types and the most widely used financial instruments in Germany, as well as the obstacles, challenges and prospects of success for the PPP Programme. The thesis further deals with the legislation and the institutional framework of this cooperation, including the establishment of the Partnerschaften Deutschland und other PPP units in central and local government to promote and manage projects. In particular we focus on the possibility of the involvement of private partners in public private partnerships to clear the backlog of investment and to satisfy local authority investment needs. The empirical part of this work describes the efficient, beneficial and cost-effective delivery of what is currently one of Germany's biggest PPP projects in the field of public- sector building construction: refurbishing, financing and operating the 90 schools in the district of Offenbach in the south of Hesse.
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Offentlig Privat Samverkan : En studie om synen på finansiering av kollektivtrafiken / Public Private Partnership : A study of views on the financing of public transportTingström, Martin, Pettersson, Marcus January 2016 (has links)
Problem: Sverige har ett tydligt behov att investera i vår infrastruktur och kollektivtrafik samtidigt som det krävs ökade anslag för att upprätthålla och underhålla redan befintlig infrastruktur. Då det påpekas gång på gång att gapet mellan vårt statliga budgetanslag och det faktiska behovet ökar för varje år som går växer problemet. Samtidigt visar erfarenheter från andra europeiska länder att det finns tydliga fördelar med att involvera privata aktörer till samhällsinvesteringar. Sverige ligger dock efter i den utvecklingen, och vi riskerar att våra behov i samhället inte uppfylls. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utreda huruvida aktörer verksamma inom transportinfrastrukturbranschen ställer sig till OPS-finansiering av kollektivtrafiken. Metod: Undersökningen har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats med semi-strukturerade intervjuer som primär datakälla. Slutsats: I undersökningen har forskarna fastslagit att aktörerna i kollektivtrafiksbranschen är positivt inställda till OPS och dess syfte, och att det finns goda utvecklingspotentialer inom kollektivtrafiken. Forskarna vill dock klargöra att aktörerna menar att det är en lång resa kvar till att större projekt finansieras via OPS, men att kollektivtrafiken i mångt och mycket skulle må bra av att introducera OPS-lösningar i mindre utsträckning för att på så sätt öka kompetensen och öka samarbetet mellan den offentliga och den privata sektorn. / Problem: Sweden has a clear need to invest in our infrastructure and public transport, while it requires increased funding to sustain and maintain existing infrastructure. As pointed out repeatedly that the gap between our state budget and the actual need is increasing, every passing year is a growing problem. At the same time the experience in other European countries, there are clear advantages to involve private players to community investments. Sweden is behind in this development, and we run the risk that our community needs are not met. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the operators active in the transport industry stands to PPP financing of public transport. Method: The survey was based on a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews as the primary data source. Conclusion: In the study, the researchers determined that the actors in the public transport industry are positive to the OPS and its purpose, and that there is good potential for development in public transport. Researchers want to make clear, however that the actors believe that it is a long way to go to major projects financed through PPP, but the public transport in many respects would do well to introduce PPP solutions to a lesser extent so as to increase skills and boost cooperation between the public and private sectors.
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気候変動に対する適応策と官民連携竹前, 由美子 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第23350号 / 地環博第208号 / 新制||地環||40(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 宇佐美 誠, 教授 諸富 徹, 教授 佐野 亘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
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People's perceptions of government in terms of the assessment and feasibility of development programmesIturralde, Diego 01 August 2002 (has links)
This study is about the perceptions, feelings, attitudes and knowledge of people towards government with regard to service delivery and participation with communities in order to accelerate social development. Government's enthusiasm to get things done often results in development not occurring at all. Entering into balanced partnerships with the private sector and communities needs to be explored a lot deeper. It must be borne in mind that people's attitudes, perceptions and feelings may differ according to the different strata of government. The study was undertaken to ascertain how people feel and thereby assess how effective government has been in the past seven years. This in turn will enable government to focus its efforts in the right direction. The study took into account various theoretical issues regarding the role of the state in developing a nation, the importance of knowledge and the management thereof as well as the changing face of development over the years. The shift in paradigm of the study of development is discussed as a matter of importance with structural adjustment programmes often resulting in slowed development and negative economic growth. Often schools of thought in development try to impose their thinking, but what this paper proposes is that schools of thought are not of importance here but quality of life in terms of social development and empowerment are. The study was conducted by means of three focus groups whereby each focus group had different characteristics. After the focus groups were conducted coding of the information gathered took place so as to facilitate analysis and interpretation. The study found that people are generally happy with the efforts of national government but that the delivery of service by regional and local government does not meet their expectations. It is also clear that the private and NGO sector seem to concentrate on the big urban townships whilst ignoring the plight of rural areas. The road ahead seems to indicate that consultation must take place and be improved with the communities as well as with big business who wish to develop their social responsibility programmes. It is recommended that local government be improved in terms of its effectiveness and responsiveness to its communities. Private sector must also re-assess its role in social development in the communities of its employees. The importance of this is then that government and private sector can work together in partnership in order to accelerate the pace of development. The credibility of government amongst the people as well as the reinforcement of democracy is at stake and the development of impoverished areas by ways of innovative strategies can only benefit all the peoples of our country. / Thesis (MA (Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Sociology / unrestricted
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Análisis de la participación público-privada (ppp): propuesta de un modelo de estado consorciado para una educación de calidad (ecec) en distritos urbano-marginales. Diseño de un modelo innovador en Educación Básica Regular (EBR) en Lima, PerúZilberman, Jack 08 1900 (has links)
La modalidad de Asociación o Participación Público-Privada (PPP) en educación ha surgido ante la necesidad del Estado de atender el crecimiento de la demanda de acceso escolar y el desafío de aprovechar los recursos y las experiencias exitosas de los operadores privados para contribuir al logro del cuarto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas: garantizar una educación inclusiva, de calidad, promoviendo oportunidades de aprendizaje durante toda la vida. Así, la gestión de las instituciones educativas (IE) incluye no solo los aspectos pedagógicos, sino también los institucionales, administrativos y comunitarios que esta investigación aborda.
Esta tesis describe un Estado, como el peruano, con limitaciones, tanto de recursos económicos como de gestión humana, para cumplir con su objetivo de brindar educación de calidad con una cobertura universal. Asimismo, los Barrios Urbano-Marginales (BUM) de Lima se presentan, debido a su crecimiento demográfico explosivo, condiciones de pobreza, deficiente infraestructura y bajo acceso a la educación, como un caso que invita a plantear modelos innovadores de intervención para el Estado, que podrían hacer factible la provisión de un servicio público educativo de calidad, inclusivo y sostenible, a partir de la participación privada, para un grupo objetivo que, por naturaleza, se encuentra menos favorecido.
De este modo, el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en proponer, a partir de experiencias de PPP exitosas y el análisis de los actores, sus principales motivaciones y la realidad y contexto locales, un modelo educativo público innovador, con participación privada, para la educación básica regular en los BUM de Lima. Para contribuir con el análisis, se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, bajo la metodología inductivo-conceptual, con un enfoque cualitativo, que consistió en 16 entrevistas a profundidad a principales decisores (policymakers), expertos y académicos del sector educativo peruano, así como la aplicación de una encuesta a 290 docentes del sector público con el objetivo de conocer sus valoraciones con respecto a la gestión educativa en esquemas de PPP.
La investigación permitió identificar los principales aspectos a tomar en cuenta en todas las etapas del modelo propuesto: diseño, implementación, seguimiento y medición de resultados, y propone desafiar los principales paradigmas identificados, percibidos, por algunos actores sociales, políticos y económicos del Perú como inamovibles, mediante el diseño de una alternativa eficiente y eficaz, liderada por el Estado, que logre el alineamiento de los actores y los operadores privados hacia los objetivos de calidad a través de las cuatro dimensiones de la gestión educativa.
La construcción del modelo se sustenta en la premisa de que el sector privado puede coadyuvar en lograr los objetivos educativos orientados a la calidad en los aprendizajes con base en experiencias exitosas de PPP. Asimismo, este modelo busca empoderar a los actores, especialmente a aquellos con capacidad de pensar “fuera de la caja”, para lograr revertir estos paradigmas por medio del uso de elementos de la economía conductual, además de otros elementos, que promueven la toma de decisiones basados en la observación de las conductas y el entendimiento de las motivaciones profundas de los actores.
Sin embargo, a pesar de lo expresado anteriormente, no se puede concluir que existen las condiciones requeridas para llevar a cabo el modelo en gran escala, por lo que se recomienda la realización de un piloto que permita, de la mano de los principales actores, poner en práctica los lineamientos señalados y validar los resultados esperados para luego optimizar el modelo y lograr su escalabilidad. / The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) modality in education has arisen due to the State’s need to meet the school access demand growth and the challenge of taking advantage of the private operators’ resources and successful experiences to contribute to achieving the fourth of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): ensuring inclusive, quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities. Thus, the educational institution management includes not only pedagogical, but also institutional, administrative and community aspects that this research addresses.
This study describes a State, such as the Peruvian, with limitations, both in economic resources and human resources management, to meet its objective of providing quality education with a universal coverage. Likewise, due to their explosive population growth, poverty conditions, poor infrastructure and low access to education, the Urban-Marginal Neighborhoods (BUM, in Spanish) in Lima are shown as a case that invites to propose innovative intervention models for the State, which might make feasible providing a quality, inclusive and sustainable public educational service based on the private participation for a target group that, by nature, is less favored.
Furthermore, the objective of this research is to propose, based on successful PPP experiences and the analysis of stakeholders, their main drives and the local reality and background, an innovative public educational model with private participation for the regular basic education at the BUM in Lima. To contribute to this analysis, we conducted a descriptive exploratory study, under the inductive-conceptual methodology, with a qualitative approach, which consisted of 16 in-depth interviews to the main policymakers, experts and scholars from the Peruvian education sector, as well as the application of a survey to 290 teachers from the public sector in order to know their appraisals on educational management in PPP schemes.
The research allowed to identify the main aspects to be taken into consideration at all the proposed model stages: design, implementation, monitoring and measurement of results. It alsosuggests to challenge the main paradigms that some Peruvian social, political and economic stakeholders identify and perceive as immovable through the design of an efficient and effective alternative, which is led by the State and achieves the alignment of private stakeholders and operators towards quality objectives through the four dimensions of educational management.
The construction of the model is based on the premise that the private sector can contribute to achieving educational objectives oriented to quality learning based on successful PPP experiences. Likewise, this model seeks to empower stakeholders, especially those with the ability to think “out of the box”, to reverse these paradigms, using, among others, elements of behavioral economics that promote decision-making based on observation of behaviors and understanding of stakeholders’ deep motivations.
However, despite the aforementioned, it cannot be concluded that there are the required conditions to carry out a large-scale model, so it is recommended to perform a pilot model to allow to, with the support of the main stakeholders, implement the outlined guidelines and validate the expected results to optimize then the model and achieve its scalability.
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