Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Essa dissertaÃÃo versa sobre as experiÃncias laborais e educacionais do precariado contemporÃneo buscando compreender os sentidos atribuÃdos por ele ao trabalho e a educaÃÃo. O segmento social do precariado à formado por jovens-adultos que possuem alta escolaridade e estÃo inseridos de forma precÃria no trabalho e na vida social. Eles compÃem a âgeraÃÃo do diplomaâ, formada pelos sujeitos que adentraram o ensino superior, mas que nÃo tiveram necessariamente revertidos em ganhos salariais os vÃrios anos de estudo. Esse segmento de trabalhadores com alta escolaridade experimentou o fenÃmeno da âdeterioraÃÃo das chances de inserÃÃo dos mais escolarizadosâ. Suas trajetÃrias laborais e de vida sÃo marcadas pela configuraÃÃo do novo e lÃquido mundo do trabalho, onde incidem os elementos da incerteza, inseguranÃa e instabilidade na construÃÃo dos projetos de vida. Tendo como aporte metodolÃgico a entrevista compreensiva para reconstruir as trajetÃrias de trabalho e educaÃÃo do precariado, busco problematizar os sentidos do trabalho e da educaÃÃo em sujeitos cuja a formaÃÃo acadÃmica tende a gerar expectativa positiva de inserÃÃo no mercado de trabalho. Para consubstanciar analiticamente minhas reflexÃes realizo, a tÃtulo de uma arqueologia teÃrica, uma anÃlise sobre as categorias de precarizaÃÃo, precariedade e precariado. Em seguida, atravÃs do recurso da anÃlise de conteÃdo das entrevistas, procuro identificar o perfil geracional e educacional do precariado, entender suas condiÃÃes de vida, traÃar seus percursos no mercado de trabalho e compreender seus modos de estar no mundo. A âcorda bambaâ em que se move o precariado apÃs a conclusÃo dos estudos de graduaÃÃo à sempre tencionada na tentativa de equilibrar a formaÃÃo educacional, trabalho e projeto de vida. Apesar de vivermos numa modernidade marcada pela instabilidade, inseguranÃa e incerteza (BAUMAN, 2001), onde o capital valoriza a flexibilidade dos homens e das coisas (SENNETT, 2012), o precariado valoriza os caracteres da estabilidade e da seguranÃa num mundo cada vez mais adverso a esses elementos. O precariado à uma espÃcie de âequilibristaâ que trava âbatalhasâ para manter-se na âcorda bambaâ da vida. / This dissertation deals with the labor and educational experiences of the contemporary precariat seeking to understand the meanings attributed by him to work and education. The social segment of the precariat is formed by young adults who have high schooling and are inserted precariously in work and social life. They make up the "generation of the diploma", formed by the subjects that entered higher education, but that did not necessarily have reverted in salary gains the several years of study. This segment of workers with high schooling experienced the phenomenon of the âdeterioration of the chances of insertion of the more educatedâ. His work and life trajectories are marked by the configuration of the new and fluid world of work, where the elements of uncertainty, insecurity and instability affect the construction of life projects. Having as a methodological contribution the comprehensive interview to reconstruct the precarious work trajectories, I seek to problematize the meanings of the work and in subjects where the academic formation tends to generate positive expectation of insertion in the labor market. In order to analyze my reflections analytically, I carry out, as a theoretical archeology, an analysis of the categories of precarization, precarity and precariat. Then, through the content analysis of interviews, I try to identify the generational and educational profile of the precariat, to understand their living conditions, to trace their paths in the labor market and to understand their ways of being in the world. The work in the precariat now indicates the meanings of project construction, sometimes denotes the meanings of risk. The work proves to be a tightrope where the precariat tries to balance himself between heaven and the hell of social life. The "tightrope" in which the precarious moves after the completion of undergraduate studies is always intended in an attempt to balance education, work and life project. Although we live in a modernity marked by instability, insecurity and uncertainty (BAUMAN, 2001), where capital values the flexibility of men and things (SENNETT, 2012), the precarious value the character of stability and security in a world adverse to these elements. The precarious is a kind of "tightrope" who hangs "battles" to stay on the "tightrope" of life.

Thesis advisor: Paul Gray / This dissertation analyzes the field of consumption to provide an analysis of Bourdieusian cultural capital. Bourdieu introduced cultural capital to express the summed effect of intergenerational and personal institutional credentials on economic structure (1986). The three articles of this dissertation – Imagining Class, Precariat Production, and New Cultures of Connection – take up the study of cultural capital in a contemporary, American context among Millennial consumers (Bourdieu 1984, 1993). These cases analyze producer and consumer experiences within the capital markets for durable goods, labor, and a barter market for services. The experiences under analysis include the design and purchase of luxury clothing, the selling of labor to temporary employers, and the barter of unlike services for a like medium of exchange. The analyses build upon Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital by tracing its role and evolution through producer and consumer exchanges in the “consumer field” (Bourdieu; 1984, 1986, 1993). The analysis of this dissertation relies on semi-structured interview, ethnographic, and survey data. In total, 96 semi-structured interviews were conducted during the data collection for the three articles. Interview data is supported by economic survey and ethnographic data for research participants. Imagining Class melds postmodern and Veblenian consumer theory through informant narratives of the cynical and strategic production of conspicuous consumption enacted by both producers and consumers of the clothing brand Prep Outfitters (Featherstone 1991; Veblen 1899/1994). Upwardly mobile, young consumers believe that performing an elite lifestyle is a condition upon which financial services career success rests. The shared belief is correlated with income increases and results in an environment of aesthetic and lifestyle conformity on Wall Street. Precariat Production analyzes the motivational aspects and economic benefits of collaborative production work within the online platforms of Airbnb, RelayRides, and Taskrabbit and provides insight into the nature of the new working precariat class (Standing 2009). Analysis shows that three central motivational categories drive participation: money, efficiency / environmental, and workplace flexibility. Possession of economic assets prior to beginning work as a collaborative producer is a key characteristic associated with high earning within the precarious, collaborative marketplace, yet cultural capital is not a significant correlate of high income relative to the labor market. Further, those who enjoy the most economic success within the collaborative marketplace as “high earners” are also most likely to express that a motivation of “efficiency environmental” drives their production. The efficiency/environmental motivational finding lend a broader support for the claim of an evolution of high cultural capital expressions of ecohabitus (Bourdieu 1984; Schor et al. 2014). New Cultures of Connection evaluates the exchanges made on an egalitarian barter market through the medium of a local currency, “time dollars.” The study uses Zelizer’s concept of a circuit of commerce (2005) to show that cultural capital limits potential trades available in the time bank and reveals that those with high cultural capital exit the market. Ecohabitus provides one exception to this finding as high cultural capital participants find nonmonetary value in authenticity, localism, environmentalism, holistic wellness and self-reliance. Yet, this new set of high cultural capital preferences does not pair with their exchanges as they demonstrate enduring inclination towards professionalized, market-like services. Disparities in cultural capital challenge the potential of barter networks like the “time bank” to alter the dependence of identities of market practice and success. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

MAURICIO, Francisco Raphael Cruz. Na corda bamba: trabalho e educação entre o precariado. 2015. 128f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-10T15:33:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_frcmauricio.pdf: 617303 bytes, checksum: b76406b7380d89d0f1fcb6a5daa5ff08 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-25T13:29:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_frcmauricio.pdf: 617303 bytes, checksum: b76406b7380d89d0f1fcb6a5daa5ff08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T13:29:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_frcmauricio.pdf: 617303 bytes, checksum: b76406b7380d89d0f1fcb6a5daa5ff08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This dissertation deals with the labor and educational experiences of the contemporary precariat seeking to understand the meanings attributed by him to work and education. The social segment of the precariat is formed by young adults who have high schooling and are inserted precariously in work and social life. They make up the "generation of the diploma", formed by the subjects that entered higher education, but that did not necessarily have reverted in salary gains the several years of study. This segment of workers with high schooling experienced the phenomenon of the “deterioration of the chances of insertion of the more educated”. His work and life trajectories are marked by the configuration of the new and fluid world of work, where the elements of uncertainty, insecurity and instability affect the construction of life projects. Having as a methodological contribution the comprehensive interview to reconstruct the precarious work trajectories, I seek to problematize the meanings of the work and in subjects where the academic formation tends to generate positive expectation of insertion in the labor market. In order to analyze my reflections analytically, I carry out, as a theoretical archeology, an analysis of the categories of precarization, precarity and precariat. Then, through the content analysis of interviews, I try to identify the generational and educational profile of the precariat, to understand their living conditions, to trace their paths in the labor market and to understand their ways of being in the world. The work in the precariat now indicates the meanings of project construction, sometimes denotes the meanings of risk. The work proves to be a tightrope where the precariat tries to balance himself between heaven and the hell of social life. The "tightrope" in which the precarious moves after the completion of undergraduate studies is always intended in an attempt to balance education, work and life project. Although we live in a modernity marked by instability, insecurity and uncertainty (BAUMAN, 2001), where capital values the flexibility of men and things (SENNETT, 2012), the precarious value the character of stability and security in a world adverse to these elements. The precarious is a kind of "tightrope" who hangs "battles" to stay on the "tightrope" of life. / Essa dissertação versa sobre as experiências laborais e educacionais do precariado contemporâneo buscando compreender os sentidos atribuídos por ele ao trabalho e a educação. O segmento social do precariado é formado por jovens-adultos que possuem alta escolaridade e estão inseridos de forma precária no trabalho e na vida social. Eles compõem a “geração do diploma”, formada pelos sujeitos que adentraram o ensino superior, mas que não tiveram necessariamente revertidos em ganhos salariais os vários anos de estudo. Esse segmento de trabalhadores com alta escolaridade experimentou o fenômeno da “deterioração das chances de inserção dos mais escolarizados”. Suas trajetórias laborais e de vida são marcadas pela configuração do novo e líquido mundo do trabalho, onde incidem os elementos da incerteza, insegurança e instabilidade na construção dos projetos de vida. Tendo como aporte metodológico a entrevista compreensiva para reconstruir as trajetórias de trabalho e educação do precariado, busco problematizar os sentidos do trabalho e da educação em sujeitos cuja a formação acadêmica tende a gerar expectativa positiva de inserção no mercado de trabalho. Para consubstanciar analiticamente minhas reflexões realizo, a título de uma arqueologia teórica, uma análise sobre as categorias de precarização, precariedade e precariado. Em seguida, através do recurso da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, procuro identificar o perfil geracional e educacional do precariado, entender suas condições de vida, traçar seus percursos no mercado de trabalho e compreender seus modos de estar no mundo. A “corda bamba” em que se move o precariado após a conclusão dos estudos de graduação é sempre tencionada na tentativa de equilibrar a formação educacional, trabalho e projeto de vida. Apesar de vivermos numa modernidade marcada pela instabilidade, insegurança e incerteza (BAUMAN, 2001), onde o capital valoriza a flexibilidade dos homens e das coisas (SENNETT, 2012), o precariado valoriza os caracteres da estabilidade e da segurança num mundo cada vez mais adverso a esses elementos. O precariado é uma espécie de “equilibrista” que trava “batalhas” para manter-se na “corda bamba” da vida.

This is a study into the impact of precarious work, defined as low-skill and low-pay jobs, on workers in the South West of Britain. In it, I investigate the experiences of three broad groups of precarious workers: migrants, care assistants (adult and nursery) and employees working for ‘Cleanwell’, an international provider of cleaning and catering services. My approach identifies and occupies the central ground between two opposing perspectives. Along with Guy Standing (2014; 2011), I acknowledge the existence of employment structures which can be objectively described as lacking the security of meaningful pay, tenure, access to training and progression. However, I reject the reductive structural determinism, from structures of work towards working experiences, which he implies. With Kevin Doogan (2015; 2013), I recognise the opposing, ‘rising security’ argument which cautions against homogenous classifications of precarious workers. Nevertheless, I view it as incomplete, challenging only the extent of precarity conditions but not the inherently negative experiences associated with them. In my investigation, I distinguish between ‘precarity’, as the terms and conditions of low-pay and low-skill work and ‘precariousness’, conceptualised as the corresponding worker experiences. Grounding my study in a phenomenological paradigm of enquiry and adopting a ‘meaning condensation’ method of analysis (Kvale, 1996), I seek to understand whether workers can re-construct the negative impact of precarious contexts. As a result, I present precariousness as essentially relational and not absolute. Furthermore, the re-construction of the precarious experience draws on the support of social groups and can lead to fulfilling professional identities. Lastly, precariousness can be a pedagogic experience, both positive and developmental, through which workers can follow the example set by parents and grandparents, as well as serving as role-models themselves. In the study, I challenge assumptions that precarious work has a predominantly negative impact on workers, yet caution against arguments for worker collectivisation and resistance. I argue that precariousness is a phenomenon neither fully determined by low-skill, low-pay contexts, nor simply a psychological state manifested in isolation from precarious work. Rather, it is the phenomenological ‘intending’ (Sokolowski, 2000) of precarious structures, that is, the conscious engagement of precarious workers with low-pay and low-skill work through a range of attitudes, beliefs, views and opinions. Defining it in such a way is a departure from conventional approaches and through it, I show that precariousness offers a wider range of, both positive and negative experiences. It is a means through which even the employment context of precarious work can be re-constructed by individual workers who do not have allegiance to a precariat class, whether actual, or ‘in-the-making’ (Standing, 2011).

The swedish labour market has gone through an increasing flexiblization in part through an increase in insecure employment such as on-call employment. Research shows that these forms of employment have a number of negative consequences for example in the form of family life issues, economic worry, health issues and reduced life satisfaction. This essay investigates which sources of insecurity on-call employees experience and which strategies they use to feel safe. Six semi-structured interviews were performed with individuals using on-call employment as their primary source of income. This way the respondents own experiences and stories were explored. The analysis was primarily done through the terms ontological security with Anthony Giddens, the precariat from Guy Standing, The psychological contract and Lazarus and Folkman’s coping strategies. The result shows sources of insecurity primarily in the form of employment insecurity, economic insecurity and demand on availability. The respondents used strategies such as saving, adaptable routines, workplace participation and action aiming to achieve future safety such as continuous job searching and applying to education.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how temporary employment affects a work place and its employees and also, from a gender perspective, investigate how individuals relate to their insecure work situation. To achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative approach was used, and the study is based on interviews with eight employees at a department store for consumer electronics. In order to understand and analyze the employees’ stories Guy Standing’s theory about the precariat and Raewyn Connell and Yvonne Hirdmans’ gender-theories were applied. The results of the study have shown that the current working conditions generate a high degree of insecurity and lack of control amongst the employees when it comes to future employment, work hours and income, which also affect the employees’ current and future personal life. The insecurity at the work place does furthermore cause high competition, disloyalty and absence of empathy amongst the workers, which weakens and challenges the norms that regulate human behavior. By, for example, stealing each other’s customers, the employees take measures to secure their position in the work place. Regarding the gender perspective the results have shown that both individuals who identify themselves as male and female feel insecure due to the work situation, but there are different, gender specified, ways to handle the insecurity. The individuals that identify themselves as male tend to handle the situation by for example highlight themselves and their work performance in order to maintain the superior position in the gender system, while it is characterizing for the femininity to be excessively self-critical.

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar, a partir das contribuiÃÃes teÃricas de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, a produÃÃo do inumano atravÃs dos processos educacionais. Portanto, parte-se de dois polos teÃricos diferentes e atà distintos: o anormal, pensado pelas anÃlises foucaultianas, e o Homo Sacer, analisado pelas contribuiÃÃes agambenianas. Neste enfoque, o fracasso escolar daria lugar a uma concepÃÃo de escola como uma grande maquinaria normalizadora e seletiva da produÃÃo de subjetividades e dessubjetividades. A escola seria uma das instituiÃÃes e a principal delas que, por meio de dispositivos bio-disciplinares e de controle, e dispositivos de exceÃÃo, operacionalizaria e agenciaria os sujeitos atravÃs da qualidade, eficÃcia e produtividade dos capitais humanos. Ou seja, a escola contemporÃnea à uma mÃquina biopolÃtica de exceÃÃo, responsÃvel por produzir, classificar, separar, dividir e aperfeiÃoar os âbonsâ capitais humanos ou expurgar e eliminar dos processos escolares e dos processos de concorrÃncia capitalistas os âmausâ capitais humanos considerados lixos e descartÃveis. E, neste contexto, diante das crises do capitalismo contemporÃneo, percebe-se como os empreendedores de si fracassados, biodegradÃveis, tornam-se os anormais contemporÃneos que irÃo se transmutar em Homo Sacer ciganos, oâprecariadoâ, constantemente ameaÃados pela exceÃÃo como regra geral. Os empreendedores de si sÃo uma cesura biopolÃtica ameaÃada constantemente pelo bando soberano e seu estado de exceÃÃo polÃtico-econÃmico, que à um regime de guerra declarado dentro das sociedades contemporÃneas. Os empreendedores de si fracassados sÃo o empresariado da misÃria, pessoas que vivem sempre sob o espectro fantasmagÃrico do Homo Sacer cigano. Assim, a exclusÃo e a precarizaÃÃo dos indivÃduos e dos trabalhadores transmutam-se em processos de eliminaÃÃo e extermÃnio comandados por polÃticas de Estado de ExceÃÃo. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar, a partir das contribuiÃÃes teÃricas de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, a produÃÃo do inumano atravÃs dos processos educacionais. Portanto, parte-se de dois polos teÃricos diferentes e atà distintos: o anormal, pensado pelas anÃlises foucaultianas, e o Homo Sacer, analisado pelas contribuiÃÃes agambenianas. Neste enfoque, o fracasso escolar daria lugar a uma concepÃÃo de escola como uma grande maquinaria normalizadora e seletiva da produÃÃo de subjetividades e dessubjetividades. A escola seria uma das instituiÃÃes e a principal delas que, por meio de dispositivos bio-disciplinares e de controle, e dispositivos de exceÃÃo, operacionalizaria e agenciaria os sujeitos atravÃs da qualidade, eficÃcia e produtividade dos capitais humanos. Ou seja, a escola contemporÃnea à uma mÃquina biopolÃtica de exceÃÃo, responsÃvel por produzir, classificar, separar, dividir e aperfeiÃoar os âbonsâ capitais humanos ou expurgar e eliminar dos processos escolares e dos processos de concorrÃncia capitalistas os âmausâ capitais humanos considerados lixos e descartÃveis. E, neste contexto, diante das crises do capitalismo contemporÃneo, percebe-se como os empreendedores de si fracassados, biodegradÃveis, tornam-se os anormais contemporÃneos que irÃo se transmutar em Homo Sacer ciganos, oâprecariadoâ, constantemente ameaÃados pela exceÃÃo como regra geral. Os empreendedores de si sÃo uma cesura biopolÃtica ameaÃada constantemente pelo bando soberano e seu estado de exceÃÃo polÃtico-econÃmico, que à um regime de guerra declarado dentro das sociedades contemporÃneas. Os empreendedores de si fracassados sÃo o empresariado da misÃria, pessoas que vivem sempre sob o espectro fantasmagÃrico do Homo Sacer cigano. Assim, a exclusÃo e a precarizaÃÃo dos indivÃduos e dos trabalhadores transmutam-se em processos de eliminaÃÃo e extermÃnio comandados por polÃticas de Estado de ExceÃÃo. / The present work aims to discuss, from theoretical contributions of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, the production of inhuman by the educational processes. Therefore, the search will start from two different theore tical and even distinct poles: the abnormal, thought by foucaultians analysis, and the Homo Sacer, analyzed by the agambenians contributions. In this approach, the school failure would give way to a conception of school as a big regulatory and selective machinery of production of subjectivities and desubjectivities. The school would be one of the institutions and the main one that, through bio-disciplinaries and control devices, and exception devices, would operate and manage the subject through the quality, effectiveness and productivity of human capital. In other words, the school is a contemporary biopolitical machine, responsible for produce, classify, separate, divide and improve "good" human capital or expunge and eliminate from th e school processes and capitalist competition processes the "bad" capital humans considered trash and disposable. And, in this context, on the crises of the current capitalism, we notice how the failed and biodegradable self-entrepreneurs become th e current abnormals who will transmute into gypsies Homo Sacer, the "precariat", constantly threatened by exception as a general rule. Self-entrepreneurs are a biopolitical caesura constantly threatened by the sovereign flock and its state of political-economic exception, which is a declared war regime within contemporary societies. Th e failed self-entrepreneurs are the entrepreneurs of misery, people who always live under the phantom ghost of gypsy Homo Sacer. Thus, exclusion and precariousness of ind ividuals and workers transmutam in processes of elimination and exterminationpolicy of controlled state of exception. / The present work aims to discuss, from theoretical contributions of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, the production of inhuman by the educational processes. Therefore, the search will start from two different theore tical and even distinct poles: the abnormal, thought by foucaultians analysis, and the Homo Sacer, analyzed by the agambenians contributions. In this approach, the school failure would give way to a conception of school as a big regulatory and selective machinery of production of subjectivities and desubjectivities. The school would be one of the institutions and the main one that, through bio-disciplinaries and control devices, and exception devices, would operate and manage the subject through the quality, effectiveness and productivity of human capital. In other words, the school is a contemporary biopolitical machine, responsible for produce, classify, separate, divide and improve "good" human capital or expunge and eliminate from th e school processes and capitalist competition processes the "bad" capital humans considered trash and disposable. And, in this context, on the crises of the current capitalism, we notice how the failed and biodegradable self-entrepreneurs become the current abnormals who will transmute into gypsies Homo Sacer, the "precariat", constantly threatened by exception as a general rule. Self-entrepreneurs are a biopolitical caesura constantly threatened by the sovereign flock and its state of political-economic exception, which is a declared war regime within contemporary societies. Th e failed self-entrepreneurs are the entrepreneurs of misery, people who always live under the phantom ghost of gypsy Homo Sacer. Thus, exclusion and precariousness of ind ividuals and workers transmutam in processes of elimination and exterminationpolicy of controlled state of exception.

Working life and the labor market have undergone a change to become more flexible. Working life instead today requires individuals to be mobile, flexible and accessible and the labor market is characterized by insecure temporary employment. This has been a change that has taken place since the 1970s when market-liberal thinking gained its spread globally. This has, according to research, created new gaps in society, several individuals have become insecure and live under conditions that you can describe as precarious. In this survey, we will take part of a group of people's lifestories. These people live under some form of precarious circumstances when it comes to the labor market and working life. To find out how these people feel emotional and what characterizes their everyday lives, and if they have any differences based on whether people have a little work from time to time or no work at all, then we use qualitative text analysis. The result we find in conclusion is that there are major emotional difficulties for those concerned. We also find that people are adversely affected when it comes to their health and social life. However, when it comes to the importance of how the employment rates affected your situation, we cannot find any actual evidence in any direction in this survey. / Arbetslivet och arbetsmarknaden har genomgått en förändring till att bli mer flexibel. Arbetslivet stället idag krav på individer att de ska vara rörliga, flexibla och tillgängliga och arbetsmarknaden präglas av osäkra tillfälliga anställningar. Detta har varit en förändring som pågått sedan 70-talet när marknadsliberala tankegångar fick sin spridning globalt. Detta har enligt forskning skapat nya klyftor i samhället, flera människor har blivit otrygga och lever under förhållanden som kan beskrivas som prekära. Vi kommer i den här undersökningen ta del av en grupp människors olika berättelser. Dessa människor lever under någon form av prekära omständigheter när det kommer till arbetsmarknaden och arbetslivet. Vårt syfte är att undersöka hur dessa människor påverkas emotionellt av detta. För att ta reda på hur dessa människor mår rent känslomässigt och vad som präglar deras vardag samt om det råder några skillnader sett utifrån om personerna har lite arbete då och då eller inget arbete alls, så använder vi oss av kvalitativ textanalys. Det resultat vi finner avslutningsvis är att det existerar stora känslomässiga svårigheter för de berörda. Vi finner även att människorna påverkas negativt när det kommer till deras hälsa och sociala liv. När det kommer till anställningsgradens betydelse för hur man påverkas i sin situation kan vi dock inte finna några egentliga bevis i någon riktning i denna undersökning.

No description available.

The research question that motivates this study is: how might I, together with a collective of dance artists, explore stability while embracing instability? Looking at the precarious lives of independent dance artists in the context of Europe, this research seeks ways to understand and cope with the various unstable aspects that come with this lifestyle and profession. I place this study in relation to current economic trends where the individual is increasingly in focus, with very few social security rights, and where the dancer is often faced with solitary living and working situations. Furthermore, today’s dancers are often no longer working for a single choreographer, nor solely working as a dancer – but are rather entering many different projects and roles, arguably contributing to a life constantly subject to change. In this research, together with a group of dance artists, I explore understandings of instability and stability, and furthermore investigate how collective action might reinforce senses of stability. I, as the researcher, have applied a performative, practice-led research methodology, along with support from post-humanist/feminist theories. The findings of this research demonstrate how instability can be viewed as a state of not knowing within the precarious life of a dance artist but also within creative processes, and that trust is important in order to cope with the unknown. The findings have further led me to discuss the complexity and entangling of stability and instability, unfolding in a joint phrasing of in/stability, where I discuss how the fluid practice of dance not only corresponds with the wider socio-political landscape but also to an ever-changing world.  Keywords: independent dance artist; precariat; collective; leadership; collaboration; diffractive analysis