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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Caracteriza??o de res?duo s?lido formado em biodiesel de sebo bovino

Pivesso, Paulo Roberto 28 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloRP_TESE.pdf: 5284084 bytes, checksum: 2ea3c93a4c25ad32fe7fad362cf7de36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-28 / Biodiesel production has increased over the last decade because of the benefits associated with this fuel, including renewability, domestic feedstock, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. From 2008, the use of beef tallow as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Brazil has increased in significance, representing the second largest source of biodiesel, after soybeans. However, the performance of biodiesel in cold weather conditions is worse than diesel because of deposition of insoluble at low temperatures, accelerating the plugging of fuel filters and injectors of the vehicle engine. Studies have been conducted on beef tallow biodiesel, mostly related to the properties of thermal and oxidative stability. However, few studies have described the nature of the precipitate formed and its influence on product quality. Research suggests that the cause of deposition is related to the nature of saturated esters and monoacylglycerols as inducing agents. This study monitored the levels of mono-, diand triacylglycerols, the oxidation stability and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) in beef tallow biodiesel samples from two commercial producers in Brazil for a period of twelve months. Filtered precipitates were analyzed by comparative techniques of GCFID, HPLC-UV/VIS, HPLC-MS-IT-TOF and TG to verify the nature, using monopalmitin and monostearin as reference standards. The formation of precipitate reduced the levels of monoacylglycerols in the beef tallow biodiesel. GC-FID and LCMS- IT-TOF results confirmed the nature of the deposit as saturated monoacylglycerols, predominantly monostearin and monopalmitin as the second major component. Moreover the TG analysis of the residue indicated similar thermal decomposition of the reference standards. The precipitate did not affect the oxidation stability of beef tallow biodiesel and the CFPP characteristic of blends up B60. However, the presence of iron reduced significantly the oxidation stability of biodiesel / A produ??o de biodiesel aumentou na ?ltima d?cada em fun??o dos benef?cios associados a este combust?vel, incluindo renovabilidade, mat?rias-primas nacionais, menor toxicidade e biodegradabilidade. Desde 2008, o uso do sebo bovino como mat?ria-prima na produ??o de biodiesel no Brasil tem aumentado em import?ncia, representando a segunda fonte de produ??o, depois da soja No entanto, o desempenho do biodiesel em condi??es de clima frio ? pior que do ?leo diesel devido ? ocorr?ncia de materiais insol?veis a baixas temperaturas, acelerando o entupimento de filtros e injetores de motores de ve?culos. Estudos t?m sido realizados acerca do biodiesel de sebo bovino, em sua maioria relacionados ?s propriedades de estabilidade t?rmica e oxidativa; no entanto, poucos abordam a natureza do precipitado formado e sua influ?ncia na qualidade do biodiesel. Pesquisas sugerem que a causa da deposi??o esteja relacionada ? natureza de ?steres saturados, sendo os monoacilglicer?is prov?veis agentes indutores. Este trabalho apresenta os n?veis de mono-, di- e triacilglicer?is, a estabilidade ? oxida??o e o ponto de entupimento de filtro a frio (PEFF) de amostras de biodiesel de sebo bovino de dois produtores comerciais, avaliados por um per?odo de 12 meses. Amostras de precipitados filtrados foram analisadas pelas t?cnicas comparativas de CG-DIC, CLAE-UV/VIS, CLAE-MS-IT-TOF e TG para verificar a composi??o, utilizando monopalmitina e monoestearina como padr?es de refer?ncia. Verificou-se que a forma??o de precipitado reduziu os n?veis de monoacilglicer?is no biodiesel de sebo bovino. Os resultados cromatogr?ficos confirmaram a natureza do precipitado como monoacilglicer?is saturados, com predomin?ncia de monoestearina e monopalmitina como segundo componente majorit?rio. Al?m disso, a an?lise de TG do precipitado resultou perfil de decomposi??o t?rmica semelhante ao dos padr?es de refer?ncia. O dep?sito formado n?o afetou a estabilidade ? oxida??o do biodiesel de sebo bovino e a caracter?stica de PEFF em misturas at? B60. No entanto, a presen?a de ferro reduziu significativamente a estabilidade ? oxida??o do biodiesel
52

Multimodal Nanoscale Characterization of Transformation and Deformation Mechanisms in Several Nickel Titanium Based Shape Memory Alloys

Casalena, Lee 27 October 2017 (has links)
No description available.
53

Processing Microstructure Evolution and Properties of Nanoscale Aluminum Alloys

Han, Jixiong 26 September 2005 (has links)
No description available.
54

Fumaric Acid Fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae with Integrated Separation Technologies

Zhang, Kun 20 December 2012 (has links)
No description available.
55

Ermüdungs- und Rissfortschrittsverhalten ausscheidungshärtbarer ultrafeinkörniger Aluminiumlegierungen

Hockauf, Kristin 14 October 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Ultrafeinkörnige metallische Werkstoffe haben verstärkt wissenschaftliche Bedeutung erlangt. Um dieser neuartigen Werkstoffklasse über die grundlagenorientierte Forschung hinaus einen Einsatz in technischen Anwendungen zu ermöglichen, ist es notwendig, deren Verhalten unter verschiedenen einsatzrelevanten Belastungsbedingungen vorhersagen zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Schädigungsverhalten einer ultrafeinkörnigen Aluminiumlegierung in den Bereichen der hochzyklischen (HCF) und niedrigzyklischen (LCF) Ermüdung sowie des Rissfortschritts untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Identifikation der mikrostrukturell wirksamen Mechanismen bei der Entstehung und Ausbreitung von Ermüdungsrissen. Es werden ein homogen ultrafeinkörniger und ein bimodaler Zustand sowie verschiedene duktilitätsoptimierte Zustände betrachtet und systematisch der Einfluss der Korngröße, der Korngrößenverteilung, der Ausscheidungscharakteristik sowie der Festigkeit und Duktilität auf das Ermüdungs- und Rissfortschrittsverhalten ermittelt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das Schädigungsverhalten der ultrafeinkörnigen Aluminiumlegierung insbesondere durch die Korngröße und Korngrößenverteilung sowie den Kohärenzgrad der festigkeitssteigernden Ausscheidungen beeinflusst wird.
56

Mechanisms Causing Ferric Staining in the Secondary Water System of Brigham City, Utah

Wallace, Robert Derring 26 May 2007 (has links)
Water from Mantua reservoir has, during some years, exhibited reddish-brown staining when used by Brigham City for irrigation. I propose that seasonal fluctuations in the reservoir chemistry create an environment conducive to dissolving iron from the iron-rich sediments, which subsequently precipitate during irrigation, resulting in a staining event. These conditions are produced by chemical and biological decomposition of organic matter, coupled with isolation of the hypolimnetic waters, which results in seasonal low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in these waters. Under these specific circumstances, anaerobic conditions develop creating a geochemical environment that causes iron and manganese reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II) and Mn(IV) to Mn(II), respectively. These reducing conditions facilitate reduction-oxidation (redox) chemical reactions that convert insoluble forms of iron and manganese found in the reservoir sediments into more soluble forms. Consequently, relatively high amounts of dissolved iron and manganese are generated in the bottom waters immediately adjacent to the benthic sediments of the reservoir. Water withdrawn from a bottom intake pipe during these periods introduces iron-rich water into the distribution system. When this water is exposed to oxygen, reoxidation shifts redox equilibrium causing precipitation of soluble Fe(II) and Mn(III) back to highly insoluble Fe(III) and Mn(IV). The precipitant appears on contact surfaces as the aforementioned ferric stain. This research focuses specifically on the iron chemistry involved and evaluates this hypothesis using various measurements and models including field data collection, computer simulations, and bench-scale testing to validate the processes proposed.
57

Ermüdungs- und Rissfortschrittsverhalten ausscheidungshärtbarer ultrafeinkörniger Aluminiumlegierungen

Hockauf, Kristin 14 October 2011 (has links)
Ultrafeinkörnige metallische Werkstoffe haben verstärkt wissenschaftliche Bedeutung erlangt. Um dieser neuartigen Werkstoffklasse über die grundlagenorientierte Forschung hinaus einen Einsatz in technischen Anwendungen zu ermöglichen, ist es notwendig, deren Verhalten unter verschiedenen einsatzrelevanten Belastungsbedingungen vorhersagen zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Schädigungsverhalten einer ultrafeinkörnigen Aluminiumlegierung in den Bereichen der hochzyklischen (HCF) und niedrigzyklischen (LCF) Ermüdung sowie des Rissfortschritts untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Identifikation der mikrostrukturell wirksamen Mechanismen bei der Entstehung und Ausbreitung von Ermüdungsrissen. Es werden ein homogen ultrafeinkörniger und ein bimodaler Zustand sowie verschiedene duktilitätsoptimierte Zustände betrachtet und systematisch der Einfluss der Korngröße, der Korngrößenverteilung, der Ausscheidungscharakteristik sowie der Festigkeit und Duktilität auf das Ermüdungs- und Rissfortschrittsverhalten ermittelt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das Schädigungsverhalten der ultrafeinkörnigen Aluminiumlegierung insbesondere durch die Korngröße und Korngrößenverteilung sowie den Kohärenzgrad der festigkeitssteigernden Ausscheidungen beeinflusst wird.

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