O patrimônio arqueológico do município de Congonhas, Estado de Minas Gerais, vem sendo destruído ao longo de sua história mais recente por conta principalmente do crescimento urbano desordenado. A cidade cresce impulsionada pela demanda mundial por minerais como o ferro e desta forma, avança sobre os sítios arqueológicos que a circundam, sem que sejam observados alguns dos cuidados necessários ou a legislação vigente, que pesam sobre o patrimônio arqueológico brasileiro. Contudo, a Educação Patrimonial pode significar um acesso ao conhecimento sobre o patrimônio arqueológico de Congonhas e para sua preservação, utilizando de vestígios arqueológicos aflorados sobre o solo, trabalhando para produzir uma Arqueologia Pública, buscando promover a viabilização de meios de preservação e musealização de sítios arqueológicos revelados por uma Arqueologia Histórica engajada com tendências mundiais da Arqueologia, como uma alternativa coerente com a atual situação arqueológica do município. / The archaeologycalheritage in Congonhas municipal district, in Minas Gerais State, Brasil, have been destroyed along its more recent history principally by desordinated urban growing. The Town was growing impused by wordwide minerals demandas iron and this way, has advanced on archaeologycal sites that emcompasses it, withaut observing necessary cares or actual brasilian laws, that inforce on brasilian archaeological heritage. Although the heritage education can mean an acess to knowledge about Congonha\'sarchaelogical heritage and its preservation, using archaeological remains that are emerged on the groud, working to do a Public Archaeology, seeking to promote the viabilization of ways of preservation and musealization of arhaeologycal sites reveled by an Historical Archaeoloy engaged with wordwide tendencies in Archaeology, as an coherent alternative with the municipal district\'s archeological situation.

A jararaca-ilhoa (Bothrops insularis) é uma serpente endêmica e criticamente ameaçada de extinção que atualmente possui uma população estimada de 2.100 indivíduos restritos a uma única ilha no Estado de São Paulo, a Ilha da Queimada Grande. Esta vulnerabilidade levou à criação de um programa de reprodução em cativeiro para a espécie que, entre outras ações, propõe o desenvolvimento e aplicação de biotécnicas reprodutivas, tais como avaliação e preservação seminal e inseminação artificial. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (1) avaliar três diluidores (HAM F-10, ACP-120® e BWW) em três diluições diferentes (1:100, 1:200 e 1:500 µL) e determinar qual o melhor protocolo de incubação para o sêmen de B. insularis; (2) avaliar um protocolo de inseminação artificial na espécie e (3) avaliar três diferentes sistemas de refrigeração (geladeira, banho-maria em geladeira e isopor tipo BotuFLEX® )a fim de determinar qual deles é capaz de preservar melhor a motilidade do sêmen da jararaca-ilhoa por um período de até 48 h. Verificamos que as amostras de sêmen diluídas com o meio HAM F-10 na diluição 1:100 µL apresentaram os melhores resultados para motilidade e motilidade progressiva e, desta forma, foi o protocolo de diluição seminal eleito para a inseminação artificial realizada. O protocolo de inseminação artificial foi realizando de maneira segura e minimamente invasiva nos animais, no entanto, até o momento não houve detecção de prenhez nas fêmeas inseminadas. A refrigeração se mostrou um método eficiente para a manutenção da motilidade e motilidade progressiva do sêmen de B. insularis por até 48 h pois, no período de duração do experimento, não foi verificada queda significativa nos parâmetros avaliados em nenhum dos sistemas de refrigeração. Foi observada, ao longo deste trabalho, uma alta incidência de decapitações nos espermatozoides de boa parte dos machos, o que pode comprometer seriamente a fertilidade do plantel estudado. Acreditamos, com os resultados deste projeto, ter elucidado questões fundamentais acerca do melhor diluidor e diluição a ser utilizada na manipulação do sêmen de B. insularis, assim como ter demonstrado que protocolos de refrigeração seguros e versáteis são capazes de manter a motilidade seminal por até 48 h, permitindo a troca de material genético entre diferentes plantéis no Brasil ou até mesmo com a população nativa da Ilha da Queimada Grande. O conhecimento gerado a partir deste estudo também servirá como base para estudos que visem o estabelecimento e aprimoramento de outras biotécnicas reprodutivas e a criação, em um futuro breve, de um banco de germoplasma da espécie. / The golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis) is a venomous pitviper endemic from Ilha da Queimada Grande, a small island located 40 miles off the coast of southeastern Brazil. Due to its small population (about 2000 individuals), highly restricted range, continuous decrease in habitat quality and illegal trading, B. insularis is currently listed as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List. As a consequence, efforts have been directed towards the development of a captive breeding program that involves both natural and assisted reproduction. Nonetheless, successful application of assisted reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination and semen cryopreservation in B. insularis requires a clear understanding of the reproductive physiology of this species, particularly aspects of sperm quality and production, and conservation. Thus, this study aims on: (1) determining which extenders (ACP-120, BWW and HAM-F10) and dilutions are better suited for maintenance of sperm motility; (2) testing an artificial insemination protocol in B. insularis maintained in captivity; (3) evaluating three different cooling systems (refrigerator, water bath on refrigerator and BotuFLEX®) to determine which one is able to preserve the semen motility of the golden lancehead for a period up to 48 hours. We found that semen samples diluted with HAM F-10 medium at a 1: 100µL dilution had the best motility and progressive motility results. To date, no pregnancies have been detected in inseminated females. Therefore, further studies and the improvement of this protocol for the species are required. We observed that all three cooling methods work successfully, maintaining the motility and progressive semen motility without significant changes for 48h, which demonstrates versatility in the preservation and transportation of this material, including from field work. With our results, we have elucidated fundamental questions about both the best diluent and dilution to be used, as well as refrigeration systems that ensure the maintenance of semen motility up to 48 hours. This is crucial for allowing the exchange of genetic material between different Brazilian Institutions and the income of material from Ilha da Queimada Grande, what may minimize problems due to consanguinity, besides serving as a basis for future studies on seminal cryopreservation protocols and the creation of germplasm banks.

This study focuses on a cultural phenomenon that is driven by the demolition of Major League Baseball stadiums, ballparks, and fields. Prompted by their inherent role in the evolution of the sport and the inadequacies of the existing historic preservation framework, this study examines how American society preserves this utilitarian form, after their demolition, through observations, data collection, and analysis. In doing so, this study exposes that Major League Baseball stadiums, ballparks, and fields are preserved through the use of nine overlapping preservation methods, which memorialize five significant features. However, though these preservation methods do not prevent Major League Baseball stadiums from being demolished, they do illustrate how our society alternatively preserves historically and culturally significant resources when the existing historic preservation framework is rendered incompatible.

Esta tese de doutoramento tem como objetivo a discussão do uso do conceito de autenticidade na preservação do patrimônio edificado. Ao se observar o caráter eurocêntrico e o sentido tradicional, a ideia de autenticidade foi relativizada em razão de sua dimensão cultural, na atualidade. Um relativismo, no entanto, que poderia significar risco para a preservação da materialidade dos artefato s, tendo em vista o debate contemporâneo acerca do sentido imaterial da autenticidade. Ao supor que a autenticidade não pode ser reduzida ao substrato material do patrimônio, apesar de sua importância para a preservação de seus atributos, foram definidos dois estudos de caso, com vistas a elucidar a questão: os paradigmas de Ouro Preto e Brasília, ambos reconhecidos como patrimônio da humanidade. O primeiro, por enquadrar-se no sentido tradicional de autenticidade; o segundo, por envolver aspectos próprios da cultura material e imaterial. / This doctoral thesis affirms the necessity to discuss the usage of the existing concept of authenticity in the built heritage preservation. By considering its Eurocentric character and traditional meaning, the idea of being authentic is presently utmost important due to the cultural dimension of this concept and its relativism. A relativism that could be risky to the artifacts materiality preservation, since the immaterial value of authenticity is becoming part of the contemporary debate. Supposing the authenticity can\'t be reduced to the material substrate of cultural heritage, despite of its importance to preserve the artifact\'s attributes, two study cases were selected to discuss and further examine the posed question: the paradigms of Ouro Preto and Brasilia, both sites nominated as World Heritage. The first one because it refers to the traditional meaning of authenticity, and the second in view of the fact that it involves the material and immaterial dimensions of the concept.

O presente trabalho trata das relações estabelecidas entre a preservação do patrimônio edificado e o planejamento e a gestão urbana do sítio histórico da Cidade de Sobral, tombado pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - IPHAN em 1999. Com ênfase para as novas abordagens do tombamento federal de áreas urbanas no Brasil e em outros países, em seus aspectos políticos, gerenciais e transformadores, a experiência de preservação urbana em Sobral é analisada sob a ótica dos conceitos de cidade-monumento, cidade-documento, cidade-empreendimento e cidade-instrumento, esta a hipótese principal da tese. / This work deals with relations established between the preservation of the built cultural heritage and urban planning and management of the historic site of Sobral, protected as nacional monument by Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - IPHAN since 1999. Emphasizing new approaches of the federal listing of urban areas in Brazil and other coutries, in its political, administrative and changing aspects, Sobral urban preservation experience is analyzed trough the concepts of cidade-monumento, cidade-documento, cidade-empreendimento e cidade-instrumento, this the main hipothesis of the work.

A pesquisa tem como tema a preservação do patrimônio industrial da cidade de São Paulo a partir de um estudo de caso realizado no conjunto de edifícios da Alpargatas, um dos mais importantes exemplares da arquitetura industrial produzida na cidade de São Paulo no início do século XX, no bairro da Mooca, que se destaca por sua variedade e qualidade arquitetônica, importância histórica, técnicas construtivas e materiais empregados. Trata-se de tema complexo, a partir do qual se buscará discutir questões ligadas ao patrimônio industrial, critérios de preservação e propor diretrizes de intervenção a partir da análise da Alpargatas, procurando demonstrar que é possível adequar às necessidades atuais de um novo uso sem descaracterizar o edifício. / This research deals with the preservation of industrial heritage in the city of São Paulo. The Alpargatas complex was chosen as study case, because it is one of the most important examples of industrial architecture in São Paulo of the beginning of Twenty Century, in the Mooca district. The complex stands out because of its variety and architectural quality, historical importance, construction techniques and materials used. It is an intricate subject; this research will discuss questions related to industrial heritage and preservation criteria, and propose, taking Alpargatas as a base, guidelines for interventions in industrial buildings, showing that it is possible to adapt them to present needs, respecting their characteristics.

This research project has investigated the light fastness of ink jet and electrophotographic printed materials by the means of an extensive accelerated and natural ageing test programme. The effect of visible radiation of different wavebands on the deterioration of a selection of ink jet printed materials has also been assessed. The findings of the research indicate that all of the ink jet printed materials tested are sensitive to light and should not therefore, be put on permanent display. Most of the ink jet printed samples exhibited greater light sensitivity to the shorter wavelengths of the visible spectrum, than the longer wavelengths, with damage decreasing as wavelength increases. This relationship was not evident with the cyan and blue printed samples, which showed that their light sensitivity was determined by the spectral absorption characteristics of the printed patch. Some of the ink jet printed materials produced erratic fading rates on exposure to light. This phenomenon was attributed to either the occurrence of photochromism or the disintegration of the dye particles in the ink, but further testing needs to be conducted to gain a better understanding of this reaction. Other factors also influenced the light fastness of the ink jet materials, such as the type of paper employed for printing, ink concentration and ink combination. The electrophotographic printed materials were found to be more stable to light, although the yellow toner from some of the systems would show noticeable fading after approximately 65 to 325 years on permanent display (at 50 lux for eight hours per day). A range of basic conservation treatments was also been investigated and the results indicated that ink jet print materials are very sensitive to all forms of aqueous treatments. Finally, thermal/dark ageing has been performed on the digital printed papers employed in this investigation. The conclusion is that all of the papers are prone to yellowing in storage.

After years of assimilation and acculturation, many Native Americans have both the means and strength to assert their unique identity among mainstream America. They have devised various channels for accomplishing this, such as language classes and continuing traditional practices, often using resources offered through State, Federal or Tribal Historic Preservation programs. Constructions of contemporary traditional architecture can be another of these tools used to promote this cultural renaissance. As a field that defines itself on the basis of cultural conservation, Historic Preservation principles claim to support these endeavors; however, because they do not meet the age criteria for "historic structures," such buildings are often left out of the preservation matrix. By examining the Achfa-hammi plankhouse of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, this thesis will address the building's impact on cultural revitalization and explore the disconnect that exists between Historic Preservation policies and new constructions of tribal architectures.

This thesis studies the diffusion of architectural types and the rise of regionally distinct typologies in the Willamette Valley's settlement period (1840-1865) in Oregon. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the dispersion of architectural types within the Willamette Valley revealed trends amongst the extant settlement architecture samples. Brownsville, Oregon, was identified to have a locally-specific architectural subtype, the closer study of which enabled deeper investigation of the development of architectural landscapes during the Willamette Valley's settlement period. Field and archival research revealed that the appearance of an architectural subtype, at least in Brownsville, was not directly connected to a shared provenance of settlers but rather came about through a number of regionally-specific circumstances, especially an active local carpenter community.

Historic preservationists have struggled with how to best interpret the diverse history of the United States. This is especially true when faced with sites that represent the continued colonization of American Indian populations. While preservationists are continually striving to provide a more inclusive history, historic sites remain where preservationists are omitting Native voice, perpetuating stereotypes, and telling history with an emphasis on damage within communities. Whiteclay, Nebraska offers a case study of a site with a complex history where multiple cultures have embedded the same place with different meaning. This thesis argues that through the incorporation of agency, the challenging of stereotypes, and the addition of desire-based research into the historic preservation field, a re-interpretation of Whiteclay, as well as other sites with multifaceted pasts, can emerge and places of colonization can become places of healing.