Esta pesquisa visou estudar um período da História da Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural na Argentina, entre 1938-1946, anos durante os quais Ricardo Levene foi presidente da Comisión Nacional de Museos y de Monumentos y Lugares Históricos (CNMMyLH). Procedeu-se da concepção de que a preservação do patrimônio é uma ação cultural, ou seja, produto de um tempo e espaço determinado, e de que existiu a pretensão de resgatar, através do patrimônio tombado pela Comissão, uma memória específica para contribuir para a construção de uma idéia de Nação Argentina. Para isso se objetivou estudar o contexto no qual se inseriu a ação da Comissão, os agentes que nela atuaram, as idéias orientadoras do grupo, os valores que resgataram, as particularidades da gestão, o patrimônio que estabeleceram, as características da intervenção física no patrimônio. Para tanto, articularam-se várias pesquisas: a realizada nos Boletins da CNMMyLH (1938-1946), a análise dos Decretos de Tombamento dos Bens definidos como Patrimônio, os textos elaborados pelos personagens vinculados ao trabalho da Comissão, e a desenvolvida nos arquivos da Dirección General de Arquitectura (DGA) em Córdoba. Esta abordagem permitiu tomar, como ponto de partida, o entendimento geral da ação da CN, de suas palavras, de seus ritos e procedimentos, para chegar ao estudo de um exemplo concreto de intervenção: aquela realizada durante a década de 1940 no Conjunto Jesuítico da Igreja da Companhia de Jesus e da Residência dos Padres, em Córdoba, Argentina. / This paper studied a period of the History of the Cultural Heritage Preservation in Argentina, between 1938 and 1946, the years when Ricardo Levene was the president of the Comisión Nacional de Museos y de Monumentos y Lugares Historicos (CNMMyLH). The work started with the concept that the heritage preservation is a cultural action, in other words, product of a specific time and space, and that there was the intent to rescue, through the definition of the preserved heritage, a specific memory to contribute to the construction of a concept of Argentinean Nation. The context in which the commission action was inserted, the people who acted in it, the advising ideas of the group, the values which have been rescued, the peculiarities of the management, the established heritage and the characteristics of the physical intervention on the heritage have all been studied in order to achieve this. Some research has been done in order to complete these objectives: The one performed on the CNMMyLH bulletins (1938-1946), analysis of the Decree-Laws that defined the heritage, the texts created by the characters related to the work of the Commission, and the one developed in the files of the Dirección General de Arquitectura (DGA) in Córdoba. This approach has allowed the general understanding of the action of the CN, their words, their rites and procedures, to be taken as a ground zero, in order to study a concrete case of intervention in the heritage: The one done during the 1940s in the Church and Residence buildings of the Jesuit Fathers in Córdoba City, Argentina.

A cidade de Santos, cujo patrimônio arquitetônico é dos mais antigos do país, viu-se, ao longo da história, passar por inúmeras transformações: da vila pacata, tipicamente colonial, à cidade que sofreu, no fim do século XIX, graves epidemias advindas sobretudo da falta de infra-estrutura sanitária. Viu-se crescer e enriquecer com a chegada do café. E viu-se também remodelar: modificaram-se ruas inteiras, aumentou-se o porto, que ganhou status de maior da América Latina. Depois, a ocupação residencial foi seduzida pela praia, recém conquistada com as obras de urbanização e engenharia. Em meio às transformações, muitas demolições. No entanto, alguns monumentos arquitetônicos sobreviveram e presenciaram todas essas transformações, dentre eles o Conjunto do Carmo e do Valongo e o Mosteiro e Igreja de São Bento. É a partir da existência deles como documentos e como testemunhos sensíveis por meio das descaracterizações, remodelações ou mesmo mutilações , que este trabalho pretende entender como e em que momento a cidade passa a discutir a preservação de sua arquitetura como forma de transmissão de valores culturais e da memória da cidade. / The city of Santos, whose architectonic heritage is one of the oldest in the country, has undergone, throughout its history, countless transformations: from a quiet village, tipically colonial, to a big city whose population suffered from severe epidemics due to the lack of urban infraestructure at the end of the 19th century. With the rise of coffee trade it grew up and throve as long as it was remolled: whole streets were modified and the harbour was increased to the point to be considered the largest in Latin America. After that, the dwelling occupation was induced by the attraction of the coastal line, then newly reached through engineering works of urbanization. Amidst those transformations, a lot of demolishing. However, some architectonic monuments survived and witnessed all those transformations. Among them, we include the Conjunto do Carmo, Conjunto do Valongo and the Monastery and Church of São Bento. It is by the undestanding of their condition of both documents and witnesses although modified, remodelled or even mutilated , that this research intends to comprehend how and when the city began to debate the preservation of its architecture heritage as a means of conveying the city´s cultural heritage and values.

PURPOSE: The fulfillment of patients’ expectations is an essential factor in their satisfaction with outcomes of their surgery. It is therefore necessary to assess whether patients have realistic expectations of the likely effects of the prospective surgery on their symptoms and function. Comparison of the clinical outcomes anticipated by the patients and their surgeons provides important initial information in studying the formation of patients’ expectations. This study examined the level of agreement in the preoperative expectations of patients with DDH and their surgeons of the PAO surgery. METHODS: Two surgeons and their combined 72 patients preoperatively completed 4-point Likert-scales rating their realistic expectations of improvement (“not improved at all” to “greatly improved”) in six domains representing different hip symptoms after surgery. Domains included pain, stiffness, locking, stability, walking ability and athletic ability. Concordance between patient and surgeon expectation was evaluated by the percent of exact and partial (within one rating) agreement as well as Kappa coefficients. RESULTS: Exact agreement between patients and surgeons ranged from 17.4% (Stiffness) to 54.2% (Pain). Partial agreement between patients and surgeons ranged from 46.4% (Stiffness) to 100% (Pain). Agreement was consistently lowest regarding expected hip stiffness and highest regarding expected pain following surgery. Weighted Kappa estimates were low ranging from 0.07 to 0.45. In instances of disagreement, patients consistently had higher expectations than the surgeon especially with respect to stiffness, walking ability and locking/catching of the hip. CONCLUSIONS: There was discrepancy between patients and surgeons in their preoperative expectations of outcomes of the PAO, with most patients being more optimistic than their surgeons in every domain. In the domains of hip stiffness, locking, and walking ability, there was frequent discrepancy between patient and surgeon expectations. But for the pain domain, patients and surgeons were close in their expectations. Our findings highlight differences in perspectives between patients and surgeons regarding the effectiveness of the PAO in improving various hip symptoms and function.

Benzodiazepines (Benzos) and ketamine (K) are compounds that have been encountered in Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA) cases. Due to the intimate nature of these crimes, evidence collection is often postponed due to delays and/or reluctance in reporting these crimes. Further delays in analysis may be encountered in laboratories with large caseloads and/or backlogs. Drug identification in biological samples is important to determine whether victims knowingly or unknowingly took an impairing substance, however, the results could be negative due to chemical degradation over a long storage period. The purpose of this project was to study if degradation could be prevented with a new preservation method at the time of collection. Urine samples were prepared by the addition of K and metabolites and selected benzos and metabolites that were subjected to different sample pre-treatment techniques, and were analyzed after storage at room temperature (25°C), refrigerator (4°C) and freezer (-20°). The samples were either pre-treated with preservative (0.5% toluene) or filtration sterilization (sterile filter kit) within two hours after sample collection, and a control group with no pre-treatment was incorporated into the study for comparison. The changes in concentrations over 50 days (Benzos group) and 210 days (K group) were evaluated between different pre-treated methods and different temperature conditions. Sample that were treated with 0.5% toluene showed the most degradation: 44% of oxazepam and 96% of diazepam degraded over 10 days, and 80% of dehydronorketamine degraded after storage of 150 days regardless the temperature conditions. Clonazepam and flunitrazepam concentrations were reduced by 80% of the original concentration when stored at room temperature for 10 days. The major benzodiazepines evaluated in this study were stable when stored in the freezer. In K group, ketamine and norketamine that were stored at room temperature and refrigerated over 210 days were stable, however, degradation was observed after 150 days when the samples were stored in the freezer. There was no statistically different change observed among the samples pre-treated with or without filtration sterilization. Each sample pH was measured and it was determined that those stored at room temperature had an average pH of 8.5, while samples stored in the refrigerator and freezer had an average pH of 6.7 and 6.5, respectively. This finding revealed that pH could be the major factor affecting compound degradation rather than the bacterial contamination with high pH contributing to degradation, and low pH potentially preventing sample lost.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 15-39 with cancer have experienced stagnant survival rates for the past 30 years in comparison to those older or younger diagnosed with cancer. Survival disparities for this population may be due to biologic factors, lack of consistent and effective access to care, and unique psychosocial needs of this age group, and taken together, present an opportunity for health policy intervention. Of particular interest are barriers most important to AYAs themselves, appropriate and timely clinical trial enrollment, and the ability to preserve fertility prior to initiating treatment. These barriers may be more difficult to overcome for AYAs that are from rural areas, those that may be un- or under- insured, of lower socioeconomic status or educational attainment, and other social determinant of health related-factors. In this dissertation, I examined the factors that drive the challenges encountered by AYAs with cancer and discuss potential solutions to overcome these challenges. The first aim of this dissertation establishes which challenges or aspects of the cancer experience are most important to AYAs using a mixed methods approach. The second and third aims build off of challenges identified in aim one using quantitative methods. In aim two, AYA clinical trial enrollment in the United States is examined using a nationally-representative sample with a specific focus on rural disparities. In aim three, historical utilization of fertility preservation consultations and procedures are studied among AYAs treated a single institution serving a rural population.

Lorsque le bois est utilisé en extérieur avec des expositions répétées ou permanentes aux humidifications, les risques d’altération par des agents de dégradations biologiques au cours du temps sont élevés. Par conséquent, il est indispensable de recourir à des systèmes de protection afin de garantir une durée de vie optimale. Les produits traditionnels utilisés pendant des décennies et reconnus comme étant les plus efficaces font actuellement l’objet de fortes restrictions en raison de leur toxicité, entraînant leur disparition progressive du marché européen. Le projet FUI TIMBIRDE a eu pour objectif de développer des formulations permettant de greffer chimiquement des polymères sur les hydroxyles du bois afin de réduire son hygroscopie et limiter le relargage du traitement dans l’environnement. De plus, ces traitements ont pour but de diminuer la porosité du bois en la remplissant par la matrice polymère. Pour ce faire, les fonctions chimiques capables de réagir avec les hydroxyles du bois ont été identifiées en utilisant la cellulose comme composé modèle. Ensuite, des polymères hydrophobes ont été fonctionnalisés par ces fonctions d’accroche en vue de leur greffage sur les groupements hydroxyles du bois par la technique du « graft to ». Dans le cadre de cette étude, les formulations retenues ont été appliquées en profondeur dans le bois par imprégnation en autoclave sous vide/pression. Les systèmes imprégnés dans le bois sous forme de latex ont ainsi permis de diminuer la reprise en eau des bois traités (jusqu’à 50%) par rapport au témoin non traité. / When wood is used outdoors with repeated or continuous exposures to moisture, degradation by biotic factors is high. Consequently, resorting to systems of protection is essential to ensure an optimal service life. However, some of the traditional wood preservatives, used for decades for wood protection and regarded as the most effective, are currently subjected to severe restrictions in Europe because of their toxicity. The FUI TIMBIRDE project aimed to develop formulations allowing the grafting of non-biocidal polymers on the natural components of wood to limit water uptake and enhance dimensional stability. The grafting of compounds on wood will limit their potential release into the environment and reduce the wood porosity by filling the wood matrix with polymers. In a first step, identification and optimization of grafting functions was performed on cellulose as model compound of wood. Then, hydrophobic polymers were functionalized with these specific functions in order to graft polymers on wood. In this study, wood specimens were treated with selected formulations by vacuum/pressure impregnation in lab autoclave. Thus, a reduction up to 50% of water uptake was observed for wood treated with polymer latex compared to untreated wood.

This thesis examines the central role that volunteerism plays in creating a strong sense of sense of place and community within the town of Rockville, Utah, located 4.7 miles from Zion National Park. Rockville has no commercial businesses within its boundaries and relies heavily upon the volunteer efforts of its residents to carry out the majority of civil services within the town. Drawing from interviews of the STP’s (a group of Rockville residents who volunteer on a regular basis), this thesis highlights how the act of volunteerism helps residents feel membership within their community. This thesis also looks at how the STPs’ participation in town socials, clean-ups, and helping neighbors affected by natural disasters, helps them feel a deeper sense of belonging within their community.

Today new technology is rapidly being developed, therefore it becomesdicult for developers to continue development and recreate builds ofsoftware written just a few years ago. Because of this, a quality attributeto make it easier for developers to recreate and continue development ofold systems is needed. The aim of this thesis is to dene what sustain-able system development is and develop a quality attribute for it. Thequality attribute is presented together with tactics, general scenarios andpatterns that can be used to implement the quality attribute on dierentsystems.This is to make it easier for developers to recreate and continuedevelopment of old systems.To dene sustainable system development a number of interviews weredone. These interviews were done with people that are developing soft-ware and with people that are working in the area of improving systemsreproducability. From these interviews sustainable system developmentwas concluded to be dened by how good reproducibility, testability, mod-iability and portability the system has.To prove that the concept for the quality attribute works, the qualityattribute was applied on the system for the ECU Coordinator 8 at Sca-nia. With the aim to implement sustainable system development on thatsystem. The implementation improved the reproducibility and testabilityof the system. But it didn't improve the modiability and portability,which means that the implementation at Scania can still be further im-proved. Some tests were performed where a developer at Scania triedto recreate the system after the implementation of the quality attribute.These tests were successful and an interview with the developer was doneafter the test, where the developer thought that the implementation hada positive eect on sustainable system development. From this the proofof concept for the quality attribute can be seen as successful.

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The aim of this research was to develop a new harvest maturity index for highly coloured stone fruit that is not affected by seasonal or climatic factors. The judgement of commercial maturity is difficult with some cultivars of stone fruit because they develop intense skin pigmentation several days before they are ripe. Studies of the changes of the physiochemical and physiological parameters associated with ripening confirmed that no single measurement is suitable for the assessment of harvest maturity in the Japanese type plum cultivars(Prunus salicina Lindl). Two distinct patterns of ripening behaviour were identified. The cool storage (0 degrees Centigrade) responses of fruit harvested at three stages of maturity were examined. Total soluble proteins were extracted and separated from fruit during maturation and ripening using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. At least three proteins were first detected in fruit at optimum commercial harvest maturity. Since Gulfruby, Beauty and Rubyred (Japanese type plum cultivars) accumulated similar concentrations of aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC), it was suggested that the suppressed-climacteric phenotype is the result of an impaired ability of the fruit to convert this compound to ethylene / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Ph.D.)