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No / With pressures on time and resources available to those undertaking research in paleopathology, poorly preserved archaeological human remains can often receive limited attention or be completely excluded from the analysis of archaeological sites. Although incomplete skeletons often yield minimal demographic information and can complicate the diagnosis of some pathological conditions, this is not universal. Significant information can be obtained even in partial remains on metabolic bone diseases (where, by definition, the whole skeleton is involved), and for conditions such as osteoarthritis and fractures which can be diagnosed in isolation. We present an example of an incomplete skeleton that provided valuable new information on pathological changes associated with osteomalacia, a condition that has been little studied to date in paleopathology. This skeleton also contributes to our understanding of the factors surrounding the classification of fractures, and provides new insight into the full range of circumstances in which eburnation can develop. This example demonstrates the value of including partial and poorly preserved skeletons in paleopathological analysis and the extent of information that can be obtained.

On estime qu'approximativement 20 millions de personnes dans le monde souffrent d'insuffisance cardiaque et la prévalence de cette pathologie ne cesse d'augmenter avec le vieillissement croissant de la population. L'évaluation de la fonction ventriculaire gauche par la mesure de la fraction d'éjection permet en fait de distinguer deux populations distinctes de patients insuffisants cardiaques : l'une avec et l'autre sans altération de la fraction d'éjection, encore dénommées respectivement Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (IC-FEr) et Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (IC-FEp). On ne sait pas aujourd'hui si ces deux entités représentent deux pathologies distinctes ou, au contraire, deux entités intimement liées. L'IC-FEp est actuellement observée chez environ 40 à 50% des patients présentant une insuffisance cardiaque et son évolution est semblable à celle des patients IC-FEr.Le concept d'IC-FEp soulève toutefois des difficultés conceptuelles : d'une part car la notion d'une fraction d'éjection préservée implique la connaissance de sa valeur de base et d'autre part, les valeurs dites "normales" de la fraction d'éjection sont encore à établir. Par ailleurs, la vision mécanique du cœur comme une pompe hémodynamique ou musculaire conditionne la compréhension de la physiopathologie de la IF-FEp.Dans ce contexte, nous avons mis au point un modèle porcin de dysfonction diastolique avec éjection préservée secondaire à une hypertension artérielle induite par une perfusion continue d'angiotensine II pendant 28 jours. Dans ces conditions, nous avons démontré une altération de la fonction ventriculaire gauche alors même que l'éjection était préservée. Ceci était objectivé par 1) une augmentation paradoxale des durées relatives de contraction et de relaxation isovolumiques, 2) des réponses inappropriées des phases isovolumiques du cycle cardiaque à des augmentations de la fréquence et de l'inotropisme cardiaques et 3) une étroite relation entre ces deux phases isovolumiques (couplage contraction-relaxation). L'inadéquation entre les niveaux de fréquence cardiaque et des phases isovolumiques nous a amené à évaluer les effets de la modulation pharmacologique de la fréquence cardiaque sur le couplage contraction-relaxation. Ainsi la réduction sélective de la fréquence cardiaque par l'administration d'ivabradine, un inhibiteur des canaux If, a réduit significativement la durée de ces deux phases et favorisé le remplissage. Cependant, cette normalisation n'était qu'apparente puisque le ratio entre la contraction et la relaxation isovolumiques restait augmenté à J28, en défaveur de la contraction isovolumique.En conclusion, le développement d'une dysfonction diastolique avec une éjection préservée s'accompagne d'une dysfonction systolique qui entrave une réponse adéquate du myocarde à un stress dans un contexte d'hypertension chronique. / Approximately 20 millions individuals in the world experience heart failure symptoms; heart failure prevalence is continuously rising with population aging. Left ventricular function evaluation by the ejection fraction allows distinguishing two different patient sets: one with and one other without ejection fraction alteration, respectively named Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HF-rEF) and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HF-pEF). It is unknown if these two clinical presentations represent two different pathologies or two manifestations of the same clinical entity. HF-pEF is found in about 40-50% of patients with heart failure and its evolution is similar to that of patients with HF-rEF.However, several conceptual difficulties deal with the HFpEF: on one hand, talking about preserved ejection fraction implies the knowledge of its basal value; on the other, the normality needs to be established. Moreover, considering the heart either as a hemodynamic pump or as a muscular pump may modify the understanding of HFpEF physiopathology.We therefore set up a swine model of diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection induced by chronic hypertension, which was obtained by continuous perfusion of angiotensin II during 28 days. In these conditions, we clearly demonstrated a LV function impairment, while the ejection phase parameters remained preserved. The LV impairment is demonstrated by: 1) the paradox increase of the relative durations of isovolumic contraction and relaxation; 2) the blunted responses of the isovolumic phases of cardiac cycle to heart rate augmentation and cardiac inotropisme; 3) a straight relationship between these two isovolumic phases (contraction-relaxation relationship).The mismatch between the heart rate and the isovolumic phases behaviour led us to investigate the possible effects of the heart rate pharmacological modulation on the contraction-relaxation coupling. The selective reduction of the heart rate by ivabradine administration (a selective If channel inhibitor) was able to significantly reduce the isovolumic contraction and relaxation phases' durations, thus improving filling phase dynamics. Anyway, this “normalisation” was only apparent, because the contraction to relaxation ratio was increased at day 28, to the detriment of the isovolumic contraction.In conclusion, chronic hypertension induces a diastolic dysfunction with a preserved ejection fraction paralleled by a systolic dysfunction which is responsible of a blunted myocardial response to stress.

This diploma thesis deals with a historical development of the nature preservation. Then it shifts its focus to various commitments emerging from the international as well as EU laws. At the international level, the work individually describes several international contracts related to the preservation of natural ecosystems. Within the scope of the European law, the thesis focuses on the realization of the nature preservation, using the system called Natura 2000 and its factual implementation into the Czech law. The text also examines the nature preservation and its impacts in the constitution of the Czech Republic. After a brief introduction to the law no. 114/1992 Coll., on the preservation of nature and landscape, the work in detail analyzes individual categories of general and specific territorial preservation. Finally, the thesis examines the case study on the mining towers in the micro-region Frenštátsko in the context of several questions related to the preservation of nature and landscape.

Ainda que resulte na sobrevida do paciente, o tratamento atual de queimaduras profundas e extensas é imperfeito. A contratura cicatricial e o aspecto rendilhado persistentes na área enxertada produzem resultados estéticos e funcionais pobres. A principal dificuldade no adequado restabelecimento do tegumento destes pacientes é o déficit de derme, decorrente da reposição das perdas com enxertos relativamente finos. Neste trabalho são relatados quatro casos, decorrentes da familiaridade obtida em nossa prática clínica com o emprego de pele preservada em glicerol, nos quais foi utilizada a enxertia combinada, isto é, derme alógena residual sobreposta por enxertos de espessura parcial autógenos, como forma de reposição de matriz dérmica. Os tegumentos resultantes da enxertia combinada mostraram-se estáveis e duráveis, dentro do período de seguimento dos casos apresentados. / Although it results in the patient\'s survival, the current treatment of deep and extensive burns is imperfect. Scar contracture and the persistent lacy aspect in the grafted area produce aesthetic and functional poor results. The main difficulty in the appropriate re-establishment of the tegument of these patients is the deficit of dermis, due to the replacement of the skin losses with relatively thin grafts. In this work, decurrent of the familiarity obtained in our clinical practice with glycerol preserved cadaver skin, four cases are reported, which the combined grafting was used, that is, residual allogeneous dermis put upon by split thickness autogenous grafts, as form of replacement of dermal matrix. The resulting teguments of the combined grafting were shown stable and durable, inside the follow-up period of the presented cases.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Ferreira Leboreiro.pdf: 2285061 bytes, checksum: ea7ccf42f3bf8a1ce453dfc214d39de9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-18 / The increase of scientific knowledge concerning the human behaviour improves the search for more precise and effective practices. In this sense, among the several study lines, it is notable the study of the working memory defined as the temporary storage and the manipulation of particular information destined to guide a specific action. The aim of this research, carried out in the psychological knowledge field associated with the neuroscientific knowledge, is to investigate the performance of the individuals diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder with preserved intelligence regarding their semantic and visual working memory. As a specific objective it has been made an attempted to correlate their working memory performance with their intellectual quotient. Eleven individuals with the mentioned diagnosis who attend special schools catered to those diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder have taken part in this study, being 10 of them male and 1 female. Among these participants, six of them attend regular schools. The tools used to achieve the objectives were some subtests of the batteries WISC-III, WISC-IV and NEPSY-II. All the data obtained from the tests were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated difficulties related to the semantic and visual working memory, the first of them having obtained better scores. Among the others evaluated quotients, good performance regarding the Verbal Comprehension, Performance and Perceptual Organization abilities are remarkable, as well as the difficulties concerning Freedom from Distractibility, Working Memory and Visual Memory. The correlations between the semantic aspect of the working memory and the intellectual quotients are significant, especially the items related to the evaluation of verbal abilities, in spite of the noticeable differences of scores. The visual aspect, correlated with executive abilities, in particular amongst the ones who are attending regular schools, has presented results far behind the expected. Schooling has proved to be of great importance to the data analysis, and vital to the differentiation of the results, revealing better performances amongst the ones who attend regular schools. Therefore, despite the existence of working memory deficits, the regular education system selects more cognitive-capable individuals, generating differences among the ones with the same diagnosis / O aumento do conhecimento científico a respeito do comportamento humano facilita a busca de práticas mais precisas e eficazes. Nesse sentido, dentre as diversas linhas de investigação, destaca-se o estudo da memória de trabalho definida como o armazenamento temporário e a manipulação de uma determinada informação destinados a nortear uma ação específica. Esta pesquisa, realizada dentro do campo do saber psicológico integrado ao conhecimento neurocientífico, tem como objetivo geral investigar o desempenho de sujeitos diagnosticados com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento Com Inteligência Preservada quanto à memória de trabalho semântica e visual. Como objetivo específico buscou-se correlacionar o desempenho desses sujeitos em memória de trabalho com o quociente intelectual. Participaram do estudo 11 sujeitos, sendo 10 do sexo masculino e 1 do sexo feminino, com o diagnóstico acima referido que freqüentam uma instituição de ensino não regular especializada no atendimento a indivíduos com diagnóstico de Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento. Dentre esses sujeitos, seis também frequentam o ensino regular. Os instrumentos utilizados para que os objetivos fossem contemplados foram alguns subtestes das baterias WISC-III, WISC-IV e NEPSY-II. Os dados obtidos a partir da aplicação desses instrumentos foram analisados quantitativamente. Os resultados encontrados indicam dificuldades relacionadas à memória de trabalho tanto semântica quanto visual, com melhores escores da primeira. Dentre os demais quociente avaliados, destaca-se o bom desempenho em habilidades relativas à Compreensão Verbal, à Execução e à Organização Perceptual e as dificuldades em Resistência à Distração, Memória de Trabalho e Memória Visual. As correlações entre o aspecto semântico da memória de trabalho com os quocientes intelectuais são significantes, especialmente com fatores que avaliam habilidades verbais, apesar das diferenças de escores. O aspecto visual, correlacionado às habilidades executivas especialmente dentre os que frequentam ensino regular, apresenta resultados muito aquém do esperado. A questão escolaridade demonstrou ser de grande importância na análise dos dados e fator fundamental na diferenciação dos resultados, com melhores desempenhos dentre os que frequentam sistema regular de ensino. Portanto, apesar de existirem déficits quanto à memória de trabalho, o sistema de ensino regular seleciona os indivíduos mais capazes cognitivamente, promovendo diferenças entre os que possuem o mesmo diagnóstico

This thesis is composed of two essays that investigate whole farm planning and crop marketing in western Kentucky. In the first essay, contracting decisions between food corn producers and a mill are analyzed to observe factors affecting the bushel amount farmers contract. Unbalanced panel data containing seven years’ worth of pricing and contract information are used with a fixed-effects model to generate parameter estimates and quantify their effect on bushels contracted. It was found that contract attributes, market condition, and relationship-specific assets had a significant effect on producers’ food corn contracting decisions. The second essay utilizes mixed-integer programming to optimize resource allocation and marketing strategy for a hypothetical farm. Post-optimal analysis is performed to determine non-binding capacities for drying and storage equipment. The model is re-run with these non-binding capacities to observe changes in net returns as well as planting, harvesting, and marketing strategies. New equipment and associated costs are identified, and the change in net returns from the base case is used as net cash flow in a net present value investment analysis. Results of the investment analysis indicate increasing drying and storage capacity is a wise investment given the scenario modeled.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFCVL.pdf: 804823 bytes, checksum: 48e645ad54e3430addcbcd601ba1ef0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-20 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The present thesis investigated the role of coordination and management supply chain in face of identifies no-GM crops and the need to preserve the identity of grains. This change traverses the entire productive chain, from the seeds industry to the final consumer, ever more demanding in terms of issues related to food safety. A new arrangement in the system (Strictly Co-ordination) will be linked to the capacity of the various agents of the agroindustrial systems to coordinate and manage these relationships, mainly by means of the development of mechanisms of incentives and control, including efficient forms of identity preservation (IP), traceability and certification of the product throughout the chain. The latter will play a fundamental role in diminishing the information asymmetry between producers and consumers and valuated agri-food products. The theoretic framework utilized was Transaction Cost Economics, which allowed the foundation and systematization of the analysis, validated by case studies that involved situations of Identity Preservation in Brazil. Thus, four firms that work with non-GM soybeans and utilized segregation systems, incentives and monitoring of crops production were analyzed. It was verified that, indeed, the trend toward product segregation involves the need for adaptations and alteration in the predominating governance form. Identity preservation also involves increased costs, which permeate all phases of the productive chain. These costs are identifiable and have a strong relationship to the characteristics of the transactions and to the attributes of the product one wishes to segregate. The thesis also identified that incentive and monitoring strategies are fundamental for the success of the identity preserved (IP) system. The other relevant aspect was about reputation of the certificated entity. / O presente trabalho investigou o papel da coordenação e gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos em face à necessidade de identificação de não-GM e adoção de mecanismos de preservação de identidade para a exploração de oportunidades de mercado no sistema agroindustrial da soja. Devida à necessidade de garantir a credibilidade da informação, faz-se necessário gerenciar e controlar as relações entre diferentes agentes da cadeia produtiva, desde a indústria de sementes até o consumidor final. Para exercer tal controle, a adoção de um novo arranjo do sistema produtivo (SAGs estritamente coordenados), está vinculada à capacidade de coordenação da cadeia produtiva no desenvolvimento de mecanismos de incentivo e controle entre os elos da cadeia, incluindo a adoção de sistemas de preservação de identidade (PI), rastreabilidade e certificação ao longo da cadeia produtiva. O arcabouço teórico utilizado Economia de Custos de Transação (ECT) permitiu a fundamentação e sistematização da análise empírica, validada pela abordagem qualitativa de estudos de casos. Foram analisadas quatro empresas que exploram oportunidades comerciais advindas da soja não-GM e utilizam sistemas de identidade preservada, segregação de grãos, incentivos e monitoramento para a coordenação dos sistemas produtivos. Verificou-se que a exploração deste segmento de mercado implica adaptações de processo que alteram a forma de governança predominante no SAG genérico da soja, cuja adoção de sistemas de preservação de identidade (PI) corroboraram o pressuposto inicial da necessidade de um novo arranjo produtivo (SAGs estritamente coordenados). Além disso, foi constatado que a preservação de identidade também implica aumento nos custos, que permeiam todas as fases da cadeia produtiva. Esses custos são identificáveis e têm forte relação com as características das transações. Outro aspecto que se mostrou relevante diz respeito à reputação da entidade certificadora contratada para auditoria do processo produtivo.

Ainda que resulte na sobrevida do paciente, o tratamento atual de queimaduras profundas e extensas é imperfeito. A contratura cicatricial e o aspecto rendilhado persistentes na área enxertada produzem resultados estéticos e funcionais pobres. A principal dificuldade no adequado restabelecimento do tegumento destes pacientes é o déficit de derme, decorrente da reposição das perdas com enxertos relativamente finos. Neste trabalho são relatados quatro casos, decorrentes da familiaridade obtida em nossa prática clínica com o emprego de pele preservada em glicerol, nos quais foi utilizada a enxertia combinada, isto é, derme alógena residual sobreposta por enxertos de espessura parcial autógenos, como forma de reposição de matriz dérmica. Os tegumentos resultantes da enxertia combinada mostraram-se estáveis e duráveis, dentro do período de seguimento dos casos apresentados. / Although it results in the patient\'s survival, the current treatment of deep and extensive burns is imperfect. Scar contracture and the persistent lacy aspect in the grafted area produce aesthetic and functional poor results. The main difficulty in the appropriate re-establishment of the tegument of these patients is the deficit of dermis, due to the replacement of the skin losses with relatively thin grafts. In this work, decurrent of the familiarity obtained in our clinical practice with glycerol preserved cadaver skin, four cases are reported, which the combined grafting was used, that is, residual allogeneous dermis put upon by split thickness autogenous grafts, as form of replacement of dermal matrix. The resulting teguments of the combined grafting were shown stable and durable, inside the follow-up period of the presented cases.