This essay is about the religious care in 19th century prisons in Sweden from a prison priest’s perspective. The spectacle of the study is Varberg former penal labour penitentiary, today fortress, and the main character is Hampus Franz August Lönegren. This case study is focused from a micro-historical perspective on the period 1867-1870 when Lönegren worked as a prison priest, with the goal to reverse the condemned prisoners from a sinful life to a Christian and moral life. The material used for the study consists of published and unpublished sources written by Lönegren himself and his work instructions. The survey aims to find out how he did his work, if he made local initiatives, which values he cared about and if he succeeded to discipline and/or civilize any prisoner through religious conversion. Discipline and civilizing are based on Michel Foucault and Norbert Elias respective theories: Discipline as the exercise of power and the Civilizing process. The results show that Lönegren followed the guidelines of his superiors as well as making several local initiatives. Values such as religion and friendship are promoted and a few prisoners become reversed and disciplined to civilized Christians, until their prison time was due, after which most of them relapsed to their earlier criminal life.

This study is an examination of the office of high priest from its beginning with Adam as the first and down through the restoration of the Church in the last days. This study revealed that the office of high priest was the only priesthood office that was held from the time of Adam until the Melchizedek Priesthood was taken, generally, away from the congregation of Israel in Moses' day. The office did however remain but was exclusive only to a few. Another important aspect of the history of the office of high priest that will be shown is how the doctrine of foreordination applies to the office. The Book of Mormon prophet Alma discourse on the subject will be analyzed and used to show many of the requirements men who have desired the office of high priest have and continue to meet. This study also details the restoration of the office of high priest in the dispensation of the fullness of times. The Doctrine and Covenants is scriptural backdrop of this section. Historical examples from journals and other writings of those who were there will show how the office has been understood in the Church since the days of Joseph Smith. Further, a detailed account of how the Church came to understand the office of high priest in regard to the Melchizedek Priesthood office of Seventy is set forth. Lastly, a brief examination of vicarious bestowal of the office of high priest and the future of the office of high priest is also given.

Erosional processes of solid materials have been the focus of many researchers around the world. Erosion can commence within a wide range of material strengths depending on the amount of water-driven energy and material properties. Erosion could also occur due to Aeolian effects as well as chemical weathering but these forcings are not of the focus of this research. Instead, the focus here is on rock erosion in waterways and in particular downstream of dams. Rock erosion mostly takes place at the downstream of dams where the water conveys through the spillbays from upstream to the downstream during an extreme event. This phenomenon threatens both the structural soundness of the dam with implications to the public safety. It usually occurs when the applied hydrodynamic forces (average and fluctuating) exceed the strength of the rock mass formation. Rock scour at the downstream of dams due to high velocity impinging jet is a complex and highly dynamic process. So a deeper understanding of the process is crucial to determine the rock scour rate and extent. Hydraulic laboratory models have been employed to investigate hydraulic processes and proved to be reliable tools for testing soil/sediment erosion; however, the study of rock scour remains challenging. The prototype rock formation cannot be utilized in the laboratory models because the flowing water in the scaled model contains much less energy and exerts less forcing. On the other hand, the use of granular sediment (non-cohesive), as a standalone approach to mimic the rock formation is not a precise method, since it will most probably lead to inaccurate results. The idea of using a mixture of granular and cohesive sediment is investigated here to adequately simulate the rock erosion process in the laboratory scaled models. The granular sediment represents the rock blocks while the cohesive additive is a binder to keep the granular sediment together. The rock scour process can occur through four mechanisms; fracture failure, block removal, fatigue failure and abrasion. In this study, because the focus is on the hydrodynamic forcing effects on rock erosion, we assume that in the completely and intermittently jointed rock, erosion is mostly governed by fracture, block removal and fatigue failure. Abrasion is triggered by collisional effects and is not the focus here. So, we hypothesize that if the rock formation considered being pre-fractured, it can be simulated using a mixture of non-cohesive sediment with cohesive additive. This method was utilized to assess the rock scour process at the downstream of the Priest Rapids Dam. The Priest Rapids Dam project was part of a series of projects that was conducted at IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering at The University of Iowa and sponsored by the Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Ephrata, Washington (GCPUD) to investigate juvenile salmonid migration at the Wanapum/Priest Rapids Development. It is a hydroelectric, concrete gravity, and mid-elevation dam owned and operated by Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington (the "District"). To aid the District in their evaluation of fish passage, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering constructed comprehensive three-dimensional physical models of the forebay and tailrace of Priest Rapids Dam and a third model of spillbays 19-22 and powerhouse Unit 1 (sectional model). As part of the last phase of the project, it was crucial to assess the effects of the newly designed fish bypass system on the downstream rock foundation scour. To investigate this process, the 1:64 Froude-based scale tailrace model of the dam was utilized. The mixture of gravel, bentonite clay, and water was employed to mimic the rock formation and simulate the bedrock scour process in the model. Series of preliminary experiments were conducted to find the optimum mixture of gravel, bentonite and water to accurately replicate an existing scour hole observed in the prototype tailrace. Two scenarios were considered. First, tests were conducted to estimate the scour potential downstream of the fish bypass, which is currently under construction. Second, the scour potential downstream of the dam was also assessed for the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) with the fish bypass system running. Based on the model tests results and observations, the simulated bedrock (mixture of gravel and cohesive bentonite) was able to replicate the rock scour mechanisms, i.e. fracture process, block removal and fatigue observed in nature. During the fish bypass scour tests, it was observed that the erosion process occurs in the form of block removal and fatigue failure. During the PMF scour test, instead, it was observed that the mixture is eroded in chunks of substrate. This process can be representative of fracture failure in rock which occurs when the induced pressure fluctuation exceeds the fracture strength or equivalently toughness of the rock. In the preliminary phase of this work it was recognized that a prerequisite for replicating the processes in the laboratory is the proper preparation of the mixture. There is limited information available in the literature about how much cohesive additive is required to simulate the erosional strength of the prototype rock formation. For this reason, in this study the effort has been made to develop a method to simulate the rock formation for studying rock scour process in the laboratory analog scaled models. To simulate the bedrock formation, various combination of granular sediment (gravel), cohesive additive, and water were created and tested. Choosing an appropriate cohesive additive concentration is critical and nearly a balancing act. An appropriate cohesive additive concentration should be cohesive enough to bind the material and not too strong to be eroded by the flowing water in the scaled models. Moreover, its properties should not change over time. Various cohesive additives can be mentioned i.e. kaolin clay, bentonite clay, cement, grease, paraffin wax. Among all of them, bentonite clay was chosen as the appropriate cohesive additive due to its swelling characteristic. When bentonite is mixed with granular sediment, it is restricted by the non-cohesive sediment grains. The bentonite expands to fill the voids and forms a tough, leathery mineral mastic through which water cannot readily move. In order to assess the erodibility of the mixture the Jet Erosion Test (JET) apparatus was used. The JET apparatus is a vertical, submerged, circular, turbulent impinging jet which is widely accepted and utilized to assess cohesive soil erosion through flow impingement. There are devices such as flumes which could be effectively used for bank erosion where the flow shear action is prevalent. In this study, it was sought important that the forcing replicated in the experiments was of the same nature (normal impinging forcing instead of shear forcing) as observed in the downstream end of a dam. For this reason, JET was chosen as it provided a larger range of stresses (ranging between 100-1000 Pa) comparing to the flume device. The apparatus was designed based on the device developed by Hanson and Hunt (2007) and built at the IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering. Various replicate samples were made with different combinations of gravel, sodium bentonite clay, and water. To determine the erosional strength of the samples (critical stress) they were tested using the JET apparatus. The critical stress was determined as the stress associated with zero eroded mass. The results revealed that the erosional strength of the simulated bedrock mixtures highly depends on the amount of adhesive component (bentonite clay). The mixtures with the higher percentage of bentonite clay are less susceptible to erosion. The erosion threshold plot - similar to Annandale's plot - for the simulated bedrock mixtures was developed. Using the erosional strength of the simulated bedrock mixtures, a step-by-step systematic method was developed to determine the optimum combination of weakly cohesive substrate in order to simulate the strength of the prototype bedrock. The method is based on the Annandale's erodibility index method and requires information about the prototype bedrock strength (erodibility index). The method is explained in conjunction with the Priest Rapids Dam project example. The old trial and error method to establish an optimum weakly cohesive substrate is costly and time consuming especially in the case of large scale laboratory models. Also, the applicability of the method would be questionable when there is not enough information or a past data set that can be used as a baseline (witness) test. The new method eliminates these problems and the optimum mixture can be established using the geological information of the prototype bedrock formation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Philosophy, Interpretation and Culture Program, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p> 1958 was the year women became recognized as priests in The Church of Sweden- this event formed the initial idea for the study. This is a qualitative comparative inquiry, which seeks to understand gender structures within The Church of Sweden. It has its focus on men and women’s working conditions, which includes their experience of reality and their experienced differences and similarities in their role as priests. Six priests from one concealed diocese have been interviewed and the methodological approach is induction, which has been applied to best ability. Cross-case analysis has been implemented to enable comparison of gender conditions. Through the stage of analysis the data have been interpreted with an open mindset and was not structured in groups by male vs. female. This allowed patterns to emerge with all possibilities, not only with gender taken into consideration. Organizational and gender theories along with previous research have been the main resource for this project. The historian Yvonne Hirdman and the scientist Rosabeth Moss Kanter are two theorists in whom the results are mainly based upon, together with statements and quotations from my informants. The findings in this thesis are due to structural and gender mechanisms. A suggestion to discard the theological conviction and defining resentment against female priests as an issue solely determined by working environmental problem is to be considered. The main differences found in gender due to a structural consequence are the experience of career opportunities and discrimination. It is clear that the structure of The Church of Sweden limits ones career opportunities within a position but also sets limitations due to the lack of higher alternative positions. The women in my study have been victims of the structural powers of men and/or organizations, which could be understood through Kanter´s three-factor theory. The female priests are all struggling with their working description, the assumption of gender difference in this issue is to be drawn. This is also true when it comes to the informant’s role as priests. There are expected differences in leadership between men and women and women are being compared to their male colleges which is an indication of Hirdman´s theory <em>A vs. a. </em>Female vicars working conditions as well as the hierarchy system of The Church of Sweden are suggestions of further studies in the field.</p>

1958 was the year women became recognized as priests in The Church of Sweden- this event formed the initial idea for the study. This is a qualitative comparative inquiry, which seeks to understand gender structures within The Church of Sweden. It has its focus on men and women’s working conditions, which includes their experience of reality and their experienced differences and similarities in their role as priests. Six priests from one concealed diocese have been interviewed and the methodological approach is induction, which has been applied to best ability. Cross-case analysis has been implemented to enable comparison of gender conditions. Through the stage of analysis the data have been interpreted with an open mindset and was not structured in groups by male vs. female. This allowed patterns to emerge with all possibilities, not only with gender taken into consideration. Organizational and gender theories along with previous research have been the main resource for this project. The historian Yvonne Hirdman and the scientist Rosabeth Moss Kanter are two theorists in whom the results are mainly based upon, together with statements and quotations from my informants. The findings in this thesis are due to structural and gender mechanisms. A suggestion to discard the theological conviction and defining resentment against female priests as an issue solely determined by working environmental problem is to be considered. The main differences found in gender due to a structural consequence are the experience of career opportunities and discrimination. It is clear that the structure of The Church of Sweden limits ones career opportunities within a position but also sets limitations due to the lack of higher alternative positions. The women in my study have been victims of the structural powers of men and/or organizations, which could be understood through Kanter´s three-factor theory. The female priests are all struggling with their working description, the assumption of gender difference in this issue is to be drawn. This is also true when it comes to the informant’s role as priests. There are expected differences in leadership between men and women and women are being compared to their male colleges which is an indication of Hirdman´s theory A vs. a. Female vicars working conditions as well as the hierarchy system of The Church of Sweden are suggestions of further studies in the field.

The majority of studies on terrorist groups in the past have been conducted from the perspectives of political science, sociology, or psychology. This historical comparative study examines two terrorist organizations through a human resource development (HRD) lens. The study's goal is to provide a fresh perspective on terrorism to the current discussion of the subject within the public and private sectors. A comprehensive literature review is used to examine religiously based terrorist groups. The following HRD models and theories are used to frame this research: the Basic Systems Model of Swanson and Holton (2001), Daft's definition of an organization (2001), the work of Watkins and Marsick (1992 & 1993) on learning organizations, and group theory as discussed by Johnson and Johnson (2000). Crenshaw's (2001) work on terrorist group theory also helps provide a foundation to the discussion. The study begins with a short review of terrorism during the twentieth, and the first years of the twenty-first centuries. Next, the histories, cultures, and beliefs of the fundamentalist Islamic or Islamist movement and the Christian Identity movement are traced. The focus is then narrowed and an in-depth study of al-Qaeda and the Phinehas Priesthood, from the Islamist and Christian Identity movements, respectively, is conducted. The context of HRD organizational traits is used to portray the similarities and differences between these terrorist groups. There were eight major findings from this study. 1. Al-Qaeda and the Phinehas Priesthood possess structure and demonstrate input, output, process, and interaction with, and feedback from their external environment (Swanson & Holton, 2001) as do conventional organizations. 2. Both groups demonstrate structure and group dynamics similar to conventional organizations. 3. Members of both groups profess beliefs similar to those in mainstream Islam and Christianity, respectively. 4. The belief that God's law is superior to that of man in held in common by al-Qaeda and the Priesthood. This belief is based on the revealed word of God, the Koran and Bible, respectively. 5. Members of both groups believe they have been chosen by God to right the wrongs of society and/or the world. Violent acts in support of this mission are fully justified. 6. A common goal of these groups is to establish racially and culturally pure societies on some scale. 7. Al-Qaeda and the Phinehas Priesthood are both anti-Semitic. 8. Members of these groups are culturally isolated from mainstream society. The study makes four recommendations to HRD practitioners, government policy makers, and educators in pursuit of the goal of providing a fresh perspective on terrorism.

women. The womens social movements for emancipation and equality within marriage created both freedom and anxiety among the population. A Swedish suffragette, Ellen Key was in the forefront to form opinions that reached the population. In addition, she also became a friend to the Swedish journalist and writer Hjalmar Soderberg. In this way, Key influenced Soderbergs social knowledge and writing. Most likely she had an impact on his novel Doctor Glas, which he worked on during their long acquaintance. Moreover, several of the Nordic novelists during the period, were introduced to the writings of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Particularly, Key was one of the first women to read Nietzsche as she could oversee with his misogyny and turned it into benefits to the emancipation. The aim of this essay is to examine the influence of the emancipation debates on the novel Doctor Glas. In addition, I also examine the influence of the German philosopher on the thinking of the Nordic writers. Particularly, I will try to explain the behaviour of the protagonist of the novel that ended in the death of the priest. My conclusion is a misled doctor by a twisted mind filled with philosophical beliefs of “superior” mentality.

This thesis deals with history of the Volyně vicariate, focusing on the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. The thesis is divided into three major chapters which describe history of Volyně vicariate from various points of view. Chapter 1 is dedicated to archival sources which were used to obtain data for the purpose of this thesis. Archival collections of parish offices or vicar offices are introduced in this chapter, as well as wide range of usage of district office´s archival resources. All of these may be used as a source of knowledge on ecclesiastical administration. Beside this, three types of archival documents are analysed and described in this chapter - parish chronicles, visitation documents of canonical visitations, inventory of church and parish property. Chapter 2 aims to depict both movable assets and real estate in the Volyně vicariate´s parishes. Building development and reconstructions of churches and parishes in the Volyně vicariate are described in this chapter as well as equipment of churches, such as items made of metal, choir robes, bells and organs. Chapter 3 deals with clerics of the Volyně vicariate. The objective of this chapter is to introduce variedness of the parish priest´s work, duties of a chaplain and accustom of both clergymen. Duties of vicar office are also defined and specified in this chapter. The thesis also contains introduction, conclusion, bibliography, reference list and the concise history of the Volyně vicariate. At the very end of this thesis there are charts and graphs making particular chapters complete.

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T17:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAA.pdf: 1105982 bytes, checksum: 5a1b1b86335d222e7cba7369adb4fcee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T19:31:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAA.pdf: 1105982 bytes, checksum: 5a1b1b86335d222e7cba7369adb4fcee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T19:31:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAA.pdf: 1105982 bytes, checksum: 5a1b1b86335d222e7cba7369adb4fcee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T19:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAA.pdf: 1105982 bytes, checksum: 5a1b1b86335d222e7cba7369adb4fcee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This work deals primarily with the possible relationships and differences between Nietzsche and Foucault, considering the philosophical tonic each, from the way they understand and use the genealogical method. Then it makes a detailed analysis of the concept of resentment and ascetic priest present in the Genealogy of Morals. Finally, presents some possible correlations between resentment and pastoral concept of power Foucault, in order to explore their psychological substrate, a possible genesis of religious institutions and the proposal of a new concept, the ascetic teacher who comes to pass the ascetic priest for the appearance of the teacher in middle age. / Este trabalho trata, primeiramente, de possíveis relações e diferenças entre Nietzsche e Foucault, considerando a tônica filosófica de cada um, a partir da forma como eles entendem e utilizam o método genealógico. Em seguida, faz-se uma análise detalhada do conceito de ‘ressentimento’ e de ‘sacerdote ascético’ presentes na genealogia da moral. Por fim, algumas correlações possíveis são tecidas entre o ressentimento e o conceito de poder pastoral de Foucault, a fim de explorar seu substrato psicológico, uma possível gênese das instituições religiosas com a proposta de um novo conceito, o de mestre ascético, que trata da passagem do sacerdote ascético para o aparecimento do professor na Idade Média.