Les entreprises de l’industrie du luxe sont aujourd’hui soumises à une pression constante de la part des marchés pour développer et produire une plus grande variété de nouveaux produits dans des délais toujours plus courts. Néanmoins, cela doit se réaliser en répondant tout à la fois aux critères fondamentaux de l’industrie tels que concevoir l’unique, réaliser l’extravagance et rendre le produit à son plus haut niveau de qualité. L’amélioration des processus de développement de produits par les paradigmes du lean et de l’agilité connus sous le terme «leagility» peut apporter des réponses à ces défis. Poursuivis conjointement, les objectifs du lean et de l’agilité se focalisent d’une part sur l’élimination des gaspillages tout en créant un flux continu sur la chaîne de valeur et d’autre part, se concentrent sur une réponse proactive face à la demande des marchés. Cependant, considérant la multiplicité de techniques et d’outils leagiles, il n’est pas simple pour une organisation de sélectionner les initiatives de transformation les plus performantes ainsi que les activités à réaliser afin de répondre efficacement aux besoins d’amélioration spécifique relatifs aux objectifs stratégiques de l’entreprise. Définir, déployer et piloter un plan de transformation cohérent par rapport à la vision de l’organisation et considérant son niveau de maturité d’adoption des bonnes pratiques en développement de produits requièrent une rigueur et une implication soutenue des membres de l’organisation ainsi qu’une vision claire des objectifs à atteindre lesquels s’illustreront par des résultats tangibles et mesurables. Reconnaissant cette difficulté industrielle, cette thèse propose une méthodologie de transformation leagile en développement de produits permettant de conduire la transformation d’une organisation sur tout son cycle de vie allant de l’initialisation de la vision jusqu’au pilotage des initiatives d’amélioration leagiles de manière incrémentale. En d’autres termes, l’approche soutient les utilisateurs et les guide dans la conduite d’un diagnostic de maturité, dans la sélection des leviers d’amélioration appropriés, dans le choix des outils et des techniques d’amélioration associés ainsi que dans la construction et dans le déploiement d’un plan d’intervention reposant sur une séquence détaillée d’activités prenant en compte les bonnes pratiques de la conduite du changement. / .Luxury industry companies are subjected to constant pressure from markets to develop and produce more varieties of new products in shorter delays. Nevertheless, this must be realized without compromising fundamental criterion such as designing unique products, developing extravagance, achieving top quality level and renewing the offering while, at the same time, retaining the brand image and elitism of the product. Lean and agile concepts, known by the term “leagility”, offer potential answers for facing these challenges and to improve product development processes . Pursued together, lean and agile objectives focalize on waste elimination while creating a continuous flow on the value chain. However, considering the large number of leagile techniques and tools, it is not easy for an organization to select the most efficient transformation initiatives and the most adequate activities to be implemented to meet achieve their strategic objectives. Defining, deploying, and steering a consistent transformation plan in line with the organisation’s vision and its level of maturity in terms of adoption of best practices calls for rigour and considerable involvement of the organisation members, as well as a clear vision of the objectives to be achieved. This thesis proposes a leagile transformation methodology for guiding industrials in a product development organisation transformation along its entire life cycle from the definition of a clear vision to the deployment of leagile improvement initiatives. The proposed approach supports users in conducting a maturity diagnostic, in selecting appropriate levers for improvement, in choosing related tools and related improvement techniques with the aim of constructing, and rolling out a transformation plan which relies on change management best practices.

Les hôpitaux sont confrontés à des contraintes économiques fortes et à des exigences de plus en plus élevées en termes de qualité et de sécurité des soins. La prise en charge médicamenteuse est également soumise à ces contraintes d'autant qu'elle relève d'un processus complexe pluriprofessionnel et présentant également des enjeux économiques et sociétaux importants. Afin de répondre à ces difficultés, une solution pourrait être la réorganisation des processus et la relocalisation des ressources grâce aux démarches d'amélioration de processus issues du génie industriel. Le Lean, une approche d'amélioration des processus métiers mise au point dans les années 90 par les chercheurs du Massachussetts Institute of Technology, consiste à optimiser la valeur pour le patient tout en minimisant les gaspillages et en recherchant l'excellence opérationnelle à travers l'amélioration continue. Des résultats encourageants consécutifs à l'utilisation de cette approche en milieu hospitalier ont déjà été rapportés. Cependant, une analyse approfondie de la littérature a montré qu'aucune des démarches Lean décrites dans la littérature n'était construite de manière à fournir un support méthodologique robuste permettant d'entreprendre une démarche Lean pour l'amélioration des processus métiers à l'hôpital. Face à ce constat, nous proposons une méthode Lean pour l'amélioration des processus métier, structurée et adaptée au milieu hospitalier, basée sur une triangulation entre données de la littérature, entretiens semi-dirigés et un cas d'étude. Cette méthode a été validée sur le site de l'hôpital Antoine Béclère lors d'un projet d'amélioration du processus de prise en charge médicamenteuse. Son application a entre autre permis d'améliorer la qualité, la sécurité et l'efficience de la prise en charge médicamenteuse en Médecine Adulte Polyvalente. / Hospitals are facing strong economic constraints and increasing requirements in terms of quality and safety of care. Medication management, a complex and multi-professional process with major economic and social issues, is also subject to these constraints. To address these difficulties, a solution could be to reorganize processes and relocate resources through the use of industrial engineering Business Process Improvement approaches. Lean is a Business Process Improvement approach developed in the 90s by researchers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It aims at maximizing the value for the patient while minimizing waste and seeking operational excellence through continuous improvement. Many encouraging results related to the use of this approach in hospitals have been reported. However, a thorough analysis of the literature showed that none of the Lean approaches described in the literature was structured to provide sufficient methodological to perform a Lean journey aiming at improving business process in hospitals. This is why we propose a Lean method to improve business processes in hospitals based on a triangulation between literature data, semi-structured interviews and a case study. This method was tested and validated in the Antoine Béclère hospital where quality, safety and efficiency of the medication management process in a medicine unit were improved.

Context: Software Process Improvement uses lean principles for eliminating wastes in the software development process. Waste is defined as anything that does not add value to the customer and product. The seven traditional wastes in software engineering are partially done work, extra process, extra features, waiting, motion, task switching and defects. Using the lean principles and practices, the wastes can be reduced or eliminated. It is important to know the lean practices that are widely used in software development and to know the practices, which captures the seven wastes. From the literature, the ability of waste reduction is theoretically discussed [2], but practically only little empirical evidence is available on ‘which practice is best capable in reducing specific kinds of waste.’ Objectives: Many software development organizations have adopted lean practices and agile practices for eliminating wastes of different kinds. Therefore, this study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of lean practices in their ability to reduce the seven types of wastes associated with Lean Software Engineering. Methodology: The methodology that is used in this study is systematic literature review and industrial survey. In order to achieve the objective on evaluating the lean practices and agile practices in their ability to reduce the seven types of wastes that have more attention in research, a systematic literature review is conducted. Thereafter, to capture the effectiveness of lean practices in waste removal, a survey is designed to capture the perception of practitioners. Results: The systematic literature review has identified 53 relevant studies to the research topic. From these primary studies, the lean practices/principles, hybrid agile and lean practices, and the efficiency of agile practices in eliminating the seven wastes were identified. In addition to that, wastes that are captured by using lean practices; hybrid lean and agile practices were also identified. The reason for considering agile practices is that, agile and lean have similarities in eliminating the wastes and creating value to the customer [2][3]. Through the systematic literature review, it can be observed that researchers have not investigated all the seven wastes captured by lean practices. Thereafter, survey is the main contribution to this research where, the responses of 55 respondents from different countries were recorded. Most of the respondents are from India with 42% of the responses. We have asked the role of every respondent in their companies, and 19 respondents are Team leaders, 16 respondents are project managers and remaining people perform various other roles in software development. 38 respondents are from large-scale industry, which constitutes the majority part of the survey. The main contribution of the survey is identifying the ability of lean practices in eliminating different wastes. The respondents were asked to provide their level of agreement related to the effectiveness of each lean practices and agile practice in waste removal. A comparison between the results of SLR and survey reveals that there is a lot of variance in the perception of researchers and practitioners regarding the lean practices in eliminating wastes. Survey captures more wastes than SLR. From the results of survey, it was also identified that using the lean practices i.e. Kanban and VSM can eliminate most of the wastes. Kanban (41) and VSM (33) are mostly used and more efficient in industries. Conclusions: To conclude, the obtained results from this study will be quite useful for the real-time execution of lean practices. Team leaders, project managers, and organizations can adopt lean by choosing lean practices in accordance to the wastes that have to be eliminated from their software development process. This study has also identified the benefits and limitations of lean practices implemented in industry. This study helps researchers in providing necessary information that is very useful for further research in lean practices. The combinations of lean practices were also presented, which in terms one lean practice can compensate another in capturing all the seven wastes. In the survey, the additional wastes were identified when compared to SLR and this complements the literature. There is a considerable reach gap between the state of art and state of practice. It has been identified that VSM and Kanban practices have much attention in the literature. The remaining practices like Kotter and Kaizen are less concentrated in most of the research literature. From the literature, it is evident that none of the practices is capable of eliminating all the seven wastes in software development. VSM is capable of capturing wastes like waiting, extra process and motion. In addition, Kanban captures and eliminates wastes like partially done work, defects, task switching and extra features. With respect to the survey, Kanban and VSM practices are efficient in eliminating wastes. When the practitioners consider hybrid lean and agile practices, the combination of Kanban and Scrum, Scrum and VSM are efficient in eliminating wastes. The practitioners can consider the benefits of lean practices that are identified in this research. / V S S N R Ram Nanduri vssnrram@gmail.com

Abstract—Background: Software Process Improvement (SPI) maturity models have been developed to assist organizations to enhance software quality. Agile methodologies are used to ensure productivity and quality of a software product. Amongst others they are applied in Small and Medium – sized Enterprises (SMEs). However, little is known about the combination of Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models regarding SMEs and the results that could emerge, as all the current SPI models are addressed to larger organizations and all these improvement models are difficult to be used by Small and Medium – sized firms. Combinations of these methodologies could lead to improvement in the quality of the software products, better project management methodologies and organized software development framework. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the main Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models applied in SMEs, the combinations of these methodologies, and the results that could emerge. Through these combinations, new software development frameworks are proposed. What is more, the results of this study can be used as a guide with the appropriate combination for each SME, as a better project management methodology or as improvement in the current software engineering practices. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review was conducted, resulting in 71 selected relevant papers ranging from 2001 to 2013. Besides, a survey has been performed from June 2013 to October 2013, including 49 participants. Results: Seven Agile methodologies and six different SPI maturity models were identified and discussed. Furthermore, the combination of eight different Agile methodologies and Software Process Improvement maturity models is presented, and as well as their benefits and drawbacks that could emerge in Small and Medium – sized firms. Conclusion: The majority of the Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models are addressed to large or very large enterprises. Thus, little research has been conducted for SMEs. The combinations of the Agile methodologies and SPI maturity models are usually performed in experimental stages. However, it has been observed that such type of combination could present numerous benefits, which can also be applicable in SMEs as well. The combinations that are most common are the CMMI and XP, CMMI and Scrum, CMMI and Six Sigma, and the PRINCE2 and DSDM. / 0034-636835645

The purpose of the presented research is to identify these of the areas that significantly matter for the strong positive correlation between the Employee Enagement and the Service Quality in a particular business case concerning business process improvement of an order management team in a multinational company. The significant areas are identified through a correlation analysis of the answers to an online survey. The results are used for further Measurement, Analysis, Improvement and Control of the key areas identified. The main findings are aimed to serve as a scientifically validated plan of action for the group in charge for the business process improvement in the order management team which is studied. Particularly, recommendations are provided how to increase the First Time Right performance metrics of the order management team through focus on the Define part of the DMAIC model in the Six Sigma methodology for business process improvement. Main findins: there is evidence for strong significant positive correlation between the employee engagement and the service quality factors in the answers of the respondents to the online survey questions; the team members' perception of the leadership style is positively correlated with their perception of the service quality.

The human resources department of a financial institution implemented a multi-component intervention to replace a paper-based hiring system. Organization-wide impacts included changes in the background check operations. To support changes, training was conducted and procedure manuals distributed. Turn time for background checks decreased, but a combination of factors may be responsible. Other metrics are either inconclusive or suggest a confounding variable, yet quality of work did not suffer was maintained. Desired system use was achieved, accompanied by improvements in time-to-fill, voluntary turnover, and quality of applicants. Considerations for analysis and challenges faced are discussed, along with suggestions for further clarification and improvements.

Orientador: Paulo Ferreira de Araujo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T12:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SanchesJunior_MoisesLopes_D.pdf: 10397381 bytes, checksum: c4c7decabe9d60577b657a6425b8e1d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Diversos são os recortes pelos quais se tem analisado as questões da inclusão da pessoa com deficiência, sejam nas pesquisas desenvolvidas nos foros acadêmicos, ou nos debates sócio-político-econômicos. É nítida, no âmbito histórico, uma rápida evolução conceitual nas diversas publicações acadêmicas e políticas em que se apresenta o tema, principalmente nas últimas quatro décadas, o que tem proporcionado um redirecionamento no olhar e práticas direcionadas a inclusão desta população. No entanto, ao destacarmos as políticas expressas na legislação, confrontadas com as práticas, planejamento e articulações desenvolvidas nos municípios, nos defrontamos com uma realidade que expõe a desarticulação entre essas atividades, e principalmente, a quase completa ausência de instrumentalidades que possibilitem aferir sua eficácia. Se por um lado, as agências formadoras tentam desenvolver em seus graduandos conceitos que possibilitem uma sociedade inclusiva e que contemplem com um novo olhar a pessoa com deficiência, de outro lado, observamos o descompasso entre a intenção e a prática, e principalmente, entre os setores que planejam e os que gerem os processos inclusivos. Isto resulta em processos não racionalizados, com sobreposição de tarefas, de custeio ou de atendimentos, retrabalho, falta de atendimento pela inferência de que alguma atividade seja de outro setor, além de um conjunto de informações dispersas ou desconexas, e por fim, ausência de indicadores confiáveis que propiciem validação de resultados. Desta percepção decorre a necessidade de modelos de integração destes conceitos (oriundos da pesquisa e ciência) e práticas (presentes nos ambientes sociais) em uma ação que apresente sincronia e alinhamento com um ponto de convergência comum (as necessidades humanas), e que possibilitem rastrear a eficácia dos resultados das políticas públicas. O presente trabalho evoca o uso da metodologia de modelagem e desenho de processos orientadas a valor, aliada a uma abordagem de resolução de problemas complexos, como alternativa para o estabelecimento, mapeamento e verificação de indicadores de gestão de processos inclusivos, e monitoramento, validação e rastreabilidade de resultados das ações voltadas à inclusão. Concluímos, pela otimização de processos e resultados obtidos pela aplicação desta metodologia, ela se demonstrou útil para certificar municípios, entidades ou quaisquer outros níveis de recortes estruturais, aferindo e validando processos de inclusão, além de fornecer indicadores para correção e planificação das ações de formação ou indicação de áreas de carência em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, contribuindo para a eficácia, e não somente eficiência, das atividades desenvolvidas no sentido da inclusão da pessoa com deficiência / Abstract: There are several clippings by which it has been analyzed the issues of inclusion of people with disabilities in research are developed in academic forums, or in the socio- political and economic debates. It is clear, in the historical context, a quick conceptual evolution in several academic publications and policies which presents the theme, especially in the last four decades, which has resulted in a redirect gaze and practices aimed at inclusion of this population. However, when we cut the policy expressed in legislation, confronted with the practical, engineering and joints developed in the municipalities, faced with a reality that exposes the lack of connection between these activities and especially the almost complete absence of instrumentalities that enable measuring its effectiveness. On one hand, the training agencies try to develop concepts that enable its graduates an inclusive society and contemplating a new look with the disabled person, on the other hand, we observe the gap between intention and practice, and especially among sectors planning and managing the inclusive processes, resulting in not streamlined processes, with overlapping tasks, or calls costing, rework, lack of care by the inference that some activity is of another sector, plus a set of Scattered or disconnected information, or lack of reliable indicators that provide validation of results . From this perception stems the urgent need of models of integration of these concepts (derived from the research and science) and practical (present in social settings) in synchrony to submit an action and alignment to a common point of convergence (human needs), and enabling to track the effectiveness of the results of public policy. This work evokes the use of the value-oriented methodology for modeling and designing processes, combined with an approach of solving complex problems, as an alternative to the establishment, mapping and verification of management indicators of inclusive processes and monitoring, validation and traceability of results of actions aimed at inclusion. We conclude that such a methodology, if applied, could make municipalities, entities or other levels of structural clippings, assessing and validating processes of inclusion and provide indicators to correction and planning of training activities or indication of areas of need in research and development contributing to the effectiveness, not just efficiency, of the activities developed for the inclusion of people with disabilities / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

Num curto período de tempo, a Web tornou-se o aspecto central de muitas aplicações em diferentes áreas. Rapidamente, cresceu e diversificou seu uso, e diversos setores de negócio realizam suas operações no ambiente da Web. Entretanto, à medida que cresce a extensão de uso de aplicações Web, que se tornam mais complexas, aumenta a preocupação com a maneira como as aplicações são desenvolvidas. Freqüentemente, a abordagem de desenvolvimento é ad hoc, desprovida de técnicas sistemáticas e de metodologias sólidas, resultando em aplicações de baixa qualidade. A fim de alcançar aplicações Web bem sucedidas, há a necessidade de melhores princípios de esenvolvimento que devem considerar as características especiais dessas aplicações. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho é propor Processos de Apoio ao desenvolvimento das aplicações Web, baseando-se nas características dessas aplicações e nos Processos de Apoio da ISO/IEC 12207. Os processos de Apoio visam auxiliar outros processos do ciclo de vida da aplicação a alcançar produtos de qualidade e o sucesso do projeto / Within a short period, the Web has become the central aspect of many applications in different areas. Rapidly, it has grown and diversified in its scope and use. Diverse business sectors improve their operations in Web environment. The Web application has become more complex and it has increased the concern with the way the application is developed. Frequently, the development is ad hoc, unprovide of systematic methods and methodologies, resulting in poor quality applications. In order to have successful Web applications, it is necessary better principles of development that have to consider the characteristics of these applications. The objective of this work is to propose Supporting Process for development Web applications, based on the characteristics of these applications and the Supporting Process of ISO/IEC 12207. The Supporting processes aim to assist other processes of the cycle of life of the application to reach quality products and successful projects

A pesquisa de opinião tem um papel importante dentro da Engenharia de Produção, para o auxilio da confiabilidade da pesquisa é necessário ferramentas que sejam capazes de medir e trazer resultados de confiança. No presente estudo buscou-se apresentar a melhor forma da criação de um questionário com a utilização de uma escala confiável e conseqüentemente usar o pacote estatístico computacional SPSS para avaliar o caso. A Escala de Likert, utilizada para o questionário, é uma abordagem de resposta que mede a extensão de satisfação com um conjunto de instruções e perguntas realizadas através do questionário, este tipo de categoria de resposta faz com que seja fácil de quantificar, simplificando a análise de dados. Com a utilização do softwares o SPSS pode demonstrar que mesmo as pessoas pouco familiarizadas com softwares o SPSS pode auxiliar para tabulação e análise dos dados, pois sua plataforma é auto interativa e com resultados confiáveis. / The opinion survey has an important role within Production Engineeringor the help of the search reliability is necessary tools to be able to measure and bring reliable results. In the present study we sought to present the best way of creating a questionnaire using a reliable scale and therefore use the computer SPSS to evaluate the case. The Likert scale used for the questionnaire is a response approach to measuring the extent of satisfaction with a set of instructions and questions asked in the questionnaire, this type of response category makes it easy to quantify, simplifying the analysis data. Using the software SPSS can demonstrate that even people unfamiliar with SPSS software can help for tabulation and analysis of data because its platform is self interactive and reliable results.

Softwérové a hardvérové aplikácie zaznamenávajú veľké množstvo informácií do protokolov udalostí. Každé dva roky sa množstvo zaznamenaných dát viac než zdvojnásobí. Dolovanie procesov je relatívne mladá disciplína, ktorá sa nachádza na rozmedzí strojového učenia a dolovania dát na jednej strane a modelovania a analýzy procesov na druhej strane. Cieľom dolovania procesov je popísať a analyzovať skutočné procesy extrahovaním znalostí z protokolov udalostí, ktoré sú v dnešných aplikáciách bežne dostupné. Táto práca mieri na spojenie obchodných príležitostí (organizácie bohaté na dáta; dopyt po službách BPM; limitácie na strane tradičnej dodávky BPM služieb) s technickými možnosťammi Dolovania procesov. Cieľom práce je návrh produktu, ktorý bude riešiť potreby zákazníkov a poskytovateľov služieb v oblasti Dolovania procesov lepšie než súčasné riešenie vybranej spoločnosti.