Recent years have seen a rapid growth in movement research owing to new technologies contributing to the miniaturization and reduced costs of tracking devices. Similar trends have occurred in how environmental data are being collected (e.g., through satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles, and sensor networks). However, the development of analytical techniques for movement research has failed to keep pace with the data collection advances. There is a need for new methods capable of integrating increasingly detailed movement data with a myriad of contextual data - termed context aware movement analysis (CAMA). CAMA investigates more than movement geometry, by including biological and environmental conditions that may influence movement. However, there is a shortage of methods relating movement patterns to contextual factors, which is still limiting our ability to extract meaningful information from movement data. This thesis contributes to this methodological research gap by assessing the state-of-the art for CAMA within movement ecology and human mobility research, developing innovative methods to consider the spatio-temporal differences between movement data and contextual data and exploring computational methods that allow identification of patterns in contextualized movement data. We developed new methods and demonstrated how they facilitated and improved the integration between high frequency tracking data and temporally dynamic environmental variables. One of the methods, multi-channel sequence analysis, is then used to discover varying human behaviour relative to weather conditions in a large human GPS tracking dataset from Scotland. The second method is developed for combing multi-sensor satellite imagery (i.e., image fusion) of differing spatial and temporal resolutions. This method is applied to a GPS tracking data on maned wolves in Brazil to understand fine-scale movement behaviours related to vegetation changes across seasons. In summary, this thesis provides a significant development in terms of new ideas and techniques for performing CAMA for human and wildlife movement studies.

This diploma thesis deals with problems of development of chatbots. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the concept of the conversational interface in general and analyzes available technologies for its development. The practical part deals with the design and implementation of a particular chatbot, whose goal is to be a virtual assistant in the process of selecting and purchasing goods. This is accomplished by connecting the chatbot to the product information management system using OData web services. One of the biggest problems was to determine the order of questions asked about product properties. For the implementation was used decision tree theory.

No Brasil, em nível federal, a exploração mineral está submetida a ordenamentos normativos. A Agência Nacional de Mineração (ANM) é o ente regulador, atuando como protagonista na concessão, fiscalização e cumprimento de legislação específica para fiscalizar e fomentar a exploração dos recursos minerais e, portanto, deve organizar e tornar público os atos normativos que produz. A pesquisa apresenta diretrizes para organizar, disseminar e recuperar os atos normativos da ANM, enquanto documentos normativos, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise de Domínio, para a organização do conhecimento e recuperação da informação dentro de domínio específico - Mineração no Brasil. Apresenta reflexão sobre a conceituação e os aspectos formais da documentação jurídica, pela qual os atos normativos são manifestados. Das leituras específicas sobre documentação jurídica na Administração Pública Federal, foi organizado glossário com as principais espécies documentais, considerando o contexto da ANM. Apresenta análise descritiva do domínio Mineração a partir de: resumo histórico da atividade de regulação no Brasil; dos principais diplomas legais; dos pressupostos do Direito Minerário; e de sucinto perfil do órgão regulador. As leituras para descrever o domínio, principalmente dos atos normativos e diplomas legais utilizados nas atividades de regulação da mineração no Brasil, permitiram elencar vários conceitos pertinentes ao domínio estudado, os quais deram origem à terminologia da mineração no Brasil. Apresenta análise exploratória do menu legislação do portal das agências reguladoras do Brasil e do Sicon, Legin e LexML Da análise, foi verificado que, apesar de boa parte das agências possuírem catálogos on-line para os acervos de suas bibliotecas e também para seus atos normativos (legislação), muitas delas duplicam a forma de disponibilizar as informações normativas e não há padrão na organização e disseminação de tais documentos, principalmente com relação à representação temática, o que dificulta a recuperação da informação. Os resultados da análise exploratória evidenciaram que há um grande hiato entre o tratamento dos documentos normativos disponibilizados pelos órgãos do Poder Legislativo, quando comparado com os dos órgãos do Poder Executivo, estes necessitam estruturar e padronizar as atividades, tornando o tratamento, disseminação e recuperação mais eficiente e confiável. A partir das reflexões teóricas e dos resultados da análise exploratória, considerando o perfil da comunidade discursiva e a tipologia documental, foram definidos os metadados que contemplam as especificidades dos atos normativos da ANM e os campos de acesso para a ferramenta de busca avançada do futuro Sistema de Recuperação de Informação. Os metadados refletem contexto de produção, peculiaridades, disseminação, recuperação e uso, dos atos normativos pela comunidade discursiva (servidores da ANM; procuradores da AGU a serviço da ANM; e mineradores). A definição e implementação das diretrizes para o tratamento e a disseminação dos atos normativos da ANM é prerrogativa para que informação relevante e pertinente seja recuperada pelos usuários aptos a atribuírem valor estratégico e agregarem novos valores à informação na tomada de decisões; o que otimiza as atividades dos servidores da Autarquia e, consequentemente, a tramitação dos processos minerários. / In Brazil, exploring minerals requires specific mining laws and legal acts, which are made by the National Mining Agency (NMA). This governmental agency is responsible for regulating and boosting mineral resources exploration in the country. NMA deals with the concession, inspection and compliance of the Brazilian mineral resources exploration. Furthermore, to fulfill its mission, NMA must organize and publicize all legal acts about mining regulation. The goal of the research was to define procedures and guidelines to organize, disseminate and retrieve these legal acts based on theoretical and methodological statements Domain Analysis. Considering that acts are classified as legal documents, conceptions about them and legal information were introduced to highlight their features. Legal documents have specific form and demand different management in comparison to other administrative documents. In order to justify the use of Domain Analysis statements and also approaches recommended by Hjørland a descriptive analysis of Mining Domain in Brazil was presented. This description was based on the historical summary of the regulation activity in Brazil, main assumptions of mining law, main legal acts and a brief profile of the NMA. Afterwards, metadata were presented, analyzed and selected considering features of legal acts and the contexts of production, dissemination, retrieving and use in a state institution. This study also presented the results of exploratory analysis of the databases of Brazilian regulatory agencies and prominent legal databases - LexML and Federal Senate. Ensuring fast and effective access to relevant, reliable and consistent information that would enable the discursive community to improve its decision-taking process and to optimize its activities, speeding up the procedures of mining processes and improving Brazilian economy.

Cherchant à établir un pont théorique et pratique entre les sciences de l'éducation, les sciences cognitives et la philosophie des sciences, la thèse développe un modèle didactique à l'interface entre ces disciplines : le modèle allostérique de l'apprendre initié et développé par Giordan (1988) et al. (1992), qui s'inscrit dans le paradigme des théories du changement conceptuel. Nourri par les travaux récents des psychologues cognitifs sur les processus d'apprentissage tels que les théories du recyclage neuronal (Dehaene, 2007) ou de l'inhibition cérébrale (Houdé & Tzourio-Mazoyer, 2003), ainsi que sur diverses théories relatives à l'élaboration de la pensée telles que l'économie comportementale (Tversky & Kahnernan, 1982) ou le modèle-cadre SRK (Rasmussen, 1990), ce modèle développe et précise le concept d’allostérie à travers la description et la formalisation des processus de déconstruction-reconstruction des conceptions, qui ont lieu lors des apprentissages complexes. De la phase de théorisation du modèle, effectuée par un recours aux formalismes de la réactivité chimique en accord avec la métaphore initiale de l'allostérie, il est possible de déduire divers environnements didactiques opératoires et féconds pour le praticien de l'enseignement et de la médiation scientifiques. Ces prévisions théoriques sont alors mises à l'épreuve de l'expérimentation didactique à travers une recherche de terrain centrée sur la notion d'expérience contre-intuitive (Eastes & Pellaud, 2004) menée auprès de différents types de publics. / Aiming at bridging education sciences, cognitive sciences and philosophy of science both theoretically and practically, this thesis develops a didactical model at the interface between these fields: the allosteric learning model developed by Giordan (1988) et al. (1992), understood in the context conceptual change theories paradigm. Fueled by the recent works of cognitive psychologists on learning processes such as neuronal recycling (Dehaene, 2007) or cerebral inhibition (Houdé & Tzourio-Mazoyer, 2003), as well as on various theories related to the thought processes such as behavioral economies (Tversky & Kahneman, 1982) or the Skills-Rules-Knowledge framework model (Rasmussen, 1990), this model develops and refines the concept of allostery through the description and formalization of specific processes that take place in complex learning situations : the deconstruction-reconstruction of conceptions. Based on the theorization of the model, done through the use chemical reactivity formalisms in line with the initial metaphor of allostery, it is possible to deduce various operational and fruitful didactical environments for teaching practitioners or science communication professionals. These theoretical projections are then put to the test through didactic experimentation taking the shape of field research on the notion of counter-intuitive experiment (Eastes & Pellaud, 2004) conducted with different types of target groups.

No Brasil, em nível federal, a exploração mineral está submetida a ordenamentos normativos. A Agência Nacional de Mineração (ANM) é o ente regulador, atuando como protagonista na concessão, fiscalização e cumprimento de legislação específica para fiscalizar e fomentar a exploração dos recursos minerais e, portanto, deve organizar e tornar público os atos normativos que produz. A pesquisa apresenta diretrizes para organizar, disseminar e recuperar os atos normativos da ANM, enquanto documentos normativos, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise de Domínio, para a organização do conhecimento e recuperação da informação dentro de domínio específico - Mineração no Brasil. Apresenta reflexão sobre a conceituação e os aspectos formais da documentação jurídica, pela qual os atos normativos são manifestados. Das leituras específicas sobre documentação jurídica na Administração Pública Federal, foi organizado glossário com as principais espécies documentais, considerando o contexto da ANM. Apresenta análise descritiva do domínio Mineração a partir de: resumo histórico da atividade de regulação no Brasil; dos principais diplomas legais; dos pressupostos do Direito Minerário; e de sucinto perfil do órgão regulador. As leituras para descrever o domínio, principalmente dos atos normativos e diplomas legais utilizados nas atividades de regulação da mineração no Brasil, permitiram elencar vários conceitos pertinentes ao domínio estudado, os quais deram origem à terminologia da mineração no Brasil. Apresenta análise exploratória do menu legislação do portal das agências reguladoras do Brasil e do Sicon, Legin e LexML Da análise, foi verificado que, apesar de boa parte das agências possuírem catálogos on-line para os acervos de suas bibliotecas e também para seus atos normativos (legislação), muitas delas duplicam a forma de disponibilizar as informações normativas e não há padrão na organização e disseminação de tais documentos, principalmente com relação à representação temática, o que dificulta a recuperação da informação. Os resultados da análise exploratória evidenciaram que há um grande hiato entre o tratamento dos documentos normativos disponibilizados pelos órgãos do Poder Legislativo, quando comparado com os dos órgãos do Poder Executivo, estes necessitam estruturar e padronizar as atividades, tornando o tratamento, disseminação e recuperação mais eficiente e confiável. A partir das reflexões teóricas e dos resultados da análise exploratória, considerando o perfil da comunidade discursiva e a tipologia documental, foram definidos os metadados que contemplam as especificidades dos atos normativos da ANM e os campos de acesso para a ferramenta de busca avançada do futuro Sistema de Recuperação de Informação. Os metadados refletem contexto de produção, peculiaridades, disseminação, recuperação e uso, dos atos normativos pela comunidade discursiva (servidores da ANM; procuradores da AGU a serviço da ANM; e mineradores). A definição e implementação das diretrizes para o tratamento e a disseminação dos atos normativos da ANM é prerrogativa para que informação relevante e pertinente seja recuperada pelos usuários aptos a atribuírem valor estratégico e agregarem novos valores à informação na tomada de decisões; o que otimiza as atividades dos servidores da Autarquia e, consequentemente, a tramitação dos processos minerários. / In Brazil, exploring minerals requires specific mining laws and legal acts, which are made by the National Mining Agency (NMA). This governmental agency is responsible for regulating and boosting mineral resources exploration in the country. NMA deals with the concession, inspection and compliance of the Brazilian mineral resources exploration. Furthermore, to fulfill its mission, NMA must organize and publicize all legal acts about mining regulation. The goal of the research was to define procedures and guidelines to organize, disseminate and retrieve these legal acts based on theoretical and methodological statements Domain Analysis. Considering that acts are classified as legal documents, conceptions about them and legal information were introduced to highlight their features. Legal documents have specific form and demand different management in comparison to other administrative documents. In order to justify the use of Domain Analysis statements and also approaches recommended by Hjørland a descriptive analysis of Mining Domain in Brazil was presented. This description was based on the historical summary of the regulation activity in Brazil, main assumptions of mining law, main legal acts and a brief profile of the NMA. Afterwards, metadata were presented, analyzed and selected considering features of legal acts and the contexts of production, dissemination, retrieving and use in a state institution. This study also presented the results of exploratory analysis of the databases of Brazilian regulatory agencies and prominent legal databases - LexML and Federal Senate. Ensuring fast and effective access to relevant, reliable and consistent information that would enable the discursive community to improve its decision-taking process and to optimize its activities, speeding up the procedures of mining processes and improving Brazilian economy.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια οι εφαρμογές συνεχούς μετάδοσης ροών πληροφορίας στο διαδίκτυο έχουν γίνει ιδιαίτερα δημοφιλείς. Με τον συνεχώς αυξανόμενο ρυθμό εισόδου νέων αντικειμένων πληροφορίας, γίνεται ολοένα και πιο επιτακτική η ανάγκη για την ανάπτυξη πληροφορικών συστημάτων που να μπορούν να προσφέρουν στους χρήστες τους μόνο εκείνες τις πληροφορίες που τους ενδιαφέρουν, φιλτράροντας τεράστιους όγκους από άσχετες για τον κάθε χρήστη, πληροφορίες. Ένα μοντέλο διάδοσης πληροφορίας ικανό να ενσωματώσει τέτοιου είδους ιδιότητες, είναι το μοντέλο δημοσιεύσεων/συνδρομών βασισμένο στο περιεχόμενο ( content-based publish/subscribe) Βασική συνεισφορά μας στο χώρο είναι η εφαρμογή του μοντέλου δημοσιεύσεων/συνδρομών βασισμένου στο περιεχόμενο (content-based publish/subscribe) πάνω στα δίκτυα ομοτίμων ώστε να μπορέσουμε να προσφέρουμε στους χρήστες υψηλή εκφραστικότητα κατά την δήλωση των ενδιαφερόντων τους, λειτουργώντας σε ένα πλήρως κατανεμημένο και κλιμακώσιμο περιβάλλον. Ο κορμός των προτεινόμενων λύσεων σε αυτή τη διατριβή είναι: (α) η ανάπτυξη αλγορίθμων για την αποθήκευση των κλειδιών των δημοσιεύσεων σε κατάλληλους κόμβους του δικτύου με βάση τις συνθήκες στο περιεχόμενο που έχουν δηλωθεί και (β) αλγορίθμων δρομολόγησης δημοσιεύσεων στο διαδίκτυο έτσι ώστε να ((συναντούν)) αυτούς τους κόμβους οι οποίοι περιέχουν συνδρομές που ικανοποιούνται από την πληροφορία της δημοσίευσης. Οι προτεινόμενοι αλγόριθμοι υλοποιήθηκαν και εξετάσθηκαν ενδελεχώς με προσομοίωση μελετώντας την απόδοσή τους με βάση μετρικές όπως: η δίκαιη κατανομή του φόρτου στους κόμβους του δικτύου από τη διακίνηση μηνυμάτων κατά την επεξεργασία των συνδρομών/δημοσιεύσεων, ο συνολικός αριθμός μηνυμάτων που διακινούνται, ο συνολικός όγκος επιπλέον πληροφορίας που απαιτούν οι αλγόριθμοι να εισέλθει στο δίκτυο (network bandwidth), και ο χρόνος που απαιτείται για την ανεύρεση των συνδρομών που συζευγνύουν με κάθε δημοσίευση. / In the past few years the continuous data streams applications have become particularly popular. With the continuously increasing rate of entry of new information, it becomes imperative the need for developing appropriate infrastructures that will offer only the information that users are interested for, filtering out large volumes of irrelevant for each user, information. The content-based publish/subscribe model, is capable of handling large volumes of data traffic in a distributed, fully decentralized manner. Our basic contribution in this research area is the coupling of the content-based publish/subscribe model with the structured (DHT-based) peer-to-peer networks, offering high expressiveness to users on stating their interests. The proposed infrastructure operated in a distributed and scalable environment. The proposed solutions in this thesis are related to the development and testing: (a) of a number of algorithms for subscription processing in the network and (b) of a number of algorithms for processing the publication events. The proposed algorithms were developed and thoroughly tested with a detailed simulation-based experimentation. The performance metrics are: the fair distribution of load in the nodes of network from the distribution of messages while processing subscriptions and publication events, the total number of messages that are generated, the total volume of additional information that is required from the algorithms to operate, and the time that is required for matching publication events to subscriptions.