In the present article, the author shows his critical position about the reform of the regulatory framework on public procurement matter.Parting from some relevant aspects of the law, he explains the reason why he considers that this reform seems to lack of motivation and an adequate consideration of the actual status of public procurement in our country, calling into question the fact that we are facing a real reform. / A través del presente artículo, el autor esboza una opinión crítica respecto a la reforma del marco normativo en materia de contrataciones del Estado.Tomando en cuenta algunos aspectos relevantes de la norma, nos explica por qué considera que esta reforma parece carecer de una motivación y una adecuada apreciación del estado de la cuestión de la actual situación de la contratación pública en nuestro país, cuestionado así que se trate de una verdadera reforma.

This article doesn’t pretend to be an exhaustive analysis about the proposals contended in the oncoming regulation of the new Public Procurement Peruvian Law.It begins with a reflection about the importance on trust, and it continues by analyzing inherent issues to the principles that characterize arbitration, and that, in a near future, should be used to ‘arbitralize’ arbitration on public procurement matter. / Este artículo no pretende un análisis exhaustivo sobre las propuestas contenidas en el futuro Reglamento de la Nueva Ley de Contrataciones del Estado.Comienza con una reflexión sobre la importancia de la confianza y prosigue con el análisisde diversos aspectos inherentes a los principios que caracterizan al arbitraje y que; en unfuturo cercano, deberían servir para «arbitrabilizar» el arbitraje en materia de contratación pública.

The present article, the author treats some of the most relevant modifications on the new public procurement law.On that basis, he will explain us the vision that inspires this reform and the vision that this reform tries to implement on the entities that are in charge of this matter. / En el presente artículo, el autor aborda algunas de las modificaciones más relevantes en la nueva normativa de contrataciones del Estado. A partir de ello, nos explica la visión a la que apunta esta reforma y la visión que se procura implementar en las entidades encargadas de dicho rol.

In the present paper, the author analyses some problems that he considers relevant on the field of the public procurement on Peru and Latin America. Parting from the problems on the application of the Public Procurement Law in Peru, he proposes the installation of a new instance that watches for the right behavior of supervisor entities of public procurement. / En la presente ponencia, el autor analiza algunos de los problemas que considera más relevantes en la situación actual de la contratación pública en el Perú y en Latinoamérica. A partir de los defectos que presenta la aplicación de Ley de Contrataciones del Estado en el Perú, propone la creación de una nueva instancia que vigile el correcto actuar de las entidades supervisoras de dichas contrataciones.

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the applicability of the exceptions of vertical (in-house) and horizontal cooperation among contracting authorities within the framework of public procurement law. For this purpose is in the thesis used descriptively analytic approach, which included the valid legislation of public procurement Czech Republic, as well as the relevant directives of European Union, although the focus of the thesis was based on the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the legislative framework of the European Union and the Czech Republic. The second chapter focuses on the basic principles of public procurement law. The third chapter deals with basic concepts and terminology of public procurement law.. The fourth chapter is divided into two major parts. The first part focuses on various factors related to the use of the exemption of vertical cooperation between contracting authorities (participation of private capital in the person of the supplier and contracting authority; the fulfillment of the control criterion and activity criterion; various forms of this exception). The second part is concentrated on the use of exception of horizontal cooperation between contracting...

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of Optimization of Public Procurement Process from the Perspective of Specific Contracting Authority. The thesis introduces the main contracting authority problems based on the analysis of concrete public procurement and an interview with Town Hall staff. Next there are described the main differences between the current and previous Public Procurement Law and the method Design - Build is presented.

This thesis deals with procurement. It focuses on the characteristics of public procurement, the procurement and evaluation. It describes the steps in the procurement and identifies risks that threaten the individual phases of the procurement process. The practical part is concerned with comparing the order of candidates established on the basis of two different evaluation methods stanovenýh in the Law on Public Procurement.

The thesis "Opportunities for corruption in the Public Procurement Act" deals with the identification of possible opportunities for corruption in public procurement under the current Act No. 134/2016 Coll., The Public Procurement Act and laws that dealt with public procurement after 1993. together with their amendments. The work is conceived as a case study according to Yin (Yin 1994) using the theory of networks of political actors, which is one of the most suitable for investigating cases of corruption (Potůček 2017). Furthermore, the concept of corruption is defined, including its development, and its types are known according to the academic literature. The aim of the thesis will be to find opportunities for corruption in the laws and also how these opportunities have changed over time, so the subject of the thesis is the period of public procurement from 1993 to the present (2020). The empirical part will analyze the laws and amendments for a given period of time in order to find corruption opportunities in public procurement laws. It will also be assessed whether the necessary changes have been achieved in relation to the reduction of corruption opportunities thanks to the amendment of public procurement laws. At the same time, a questionnaire survey is conducted among public procurement...

Världens befolkning står inför en utmaning när det kommer till att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser, och uppnå hållbara levnadsvillkor. En bransch som bidrar till stora mängder utsläpp är bygg- och fastighetssektorn. Offentliga sektorn är en stor köpare på denna marknad, och offentlig upphandling har således en betydande roll i att driva på omställningen genom att efterfråga ekologiskt hållbara byggentreprenader. Utvärderingsgrunder för tilldelning av kontrakt i en offentlig upphandling görs utifrån tre grunder: Bästa förhållandet mellan pris och kvalitét, kostnad eller pris. Om någon av de två första utvärderingsgrunderna används ska kraven på det som ska upphandlas viktas inbördes, eller prioriteras för att det tydligt ska framgå för leverantörerna vad som är viktigast. Hur omfattas ekologisk hållbarhet i en offentlig upphandling av nybyggnation, och till vilket pris ska miljön få betala för våra nybyggnationer? Syftet med rapporten är att skapa en större förståelse för hur ekologisk hållbarhet omfattas i offentliga upphandlingar av nybyggnationer. Rapporten kommer också att behandla hur implementering av klimatdeklarationer kommer att påverka upphandlingsprocessen. Genom följande frågeställningar ska syftet besvaras: Hur utvärderar kommuner parametern ekologisk hållbarhet, av anbud i en offentlig upphandling? Vilka hinder och möjligheter medger lagen om offentlig upphandling för hållbart byggande? Hur arbetar kommuner för att implementera sina klimatmål vid upphandling? Hur kommer upphandlingsprocessen att påverkas med avseende till implementering av klimatdeklarationer? Metoden för att besvara frågeställningarna valdes till en kvalitativ forskningsdesign, där primärdatan från intervjuer utgör en central roll av empirin. Resultatet visar att anbud vid offentlig upphandling sällan utvärderas efter parametern ekologisk hållbarhet. Respondenterna menar på att ekologisk hållbarhet genomsyrar många delar av upphandlingen, och säkerställs genom så kallade ska-krav i förfrågningsunderlaget. Ska-krav är en förutsättning för att ett anbud ska få konkurrera om tilldelning. Att nybyggnationer ska byggas efter kraven för Miljöbyggnad Silver är en vanligt förekommande kravställning. Ekonomi och kompetens angavs som de två största hindren för att implementera hållbara lösningar i nybyggnationer, medan lagen om offentlig upphandling inte ansågs som varken en begränsning eller möjlighet för hållbart byggande. Än så länge har inte lagen om klimatdeklaration av byggnader påverkat arbetsprocessen i upphandlingsförfarandet nämnvärt, men det förutspås att de olika skedena kommer bli mer omfattande och ta längre tid med hänsyn till klimatdeklarationen. Respondenterna ställer sig positiva till införandet av lagen, och tror den kommer uppfylla sitt syfte, att skapa medvetenhet så att val av miljövänliga material kan göras därefter.

在世界貿易組織（WTO）的架構之下，各國對於政府採購的行為逐漸多所重視，因政府機關兼具有公權力行使單位，而以不同之民事主體身分到市場上購買貨物、勞務等的採購行為，進而影響國家的財經政策，並隨著政府行政部門在國家活動中的加強作用，政府採購金額不斷的擴大，政府採購職能也由簡單的節約公共資金和提高公共資金使用效率，拓展到政府解決貧困、扶持弱勢產業甚至走出經濟的低潮等等。當國家利用政府採購功能解決前述問題，進而影響國際自由貿易，產生國際經濟往來時的自由貿易壁壘，政府採購就成了國際經濟貿易規則所欲約制的對象。 政府採購協定（GPA），是WTO架構下的複邊協定之一，我國在2009年加入後，開啟了政府採購制度的新頁，也使我國廠商得以進入其他會員國的政府採購市場。中國大陸自2001年加入WTO時，就承諾加入的原則及立場，迄今尚未入會。 中國大陸實施政府採購法之前，對於政府採購規範的相關資料甚少，然中國大陸依其政治經濟的影響力，不論是掌有各經濟體之各國外債，或者國家之間所簽署的投資合作協議，甚至各國家、各經濟體都渴望中國大陸政府出手投資或挹注資金以解決其國內經濟問題的情況之下，中國大陸透過GPA尋拓商機的需要，與各國覬覦中國大陸的政府採購市場，在競爭當中產生有趣的博奕現象。 本文從兩岸相關政府採購制度沿革、政治經濟的發展過程、加入政府採購協定的相關資料，探討政府採購執行及台商參與中國大陸政府採購所發生的問題。 / Within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO), countries are paying more attention to the government procurement. The government agencies, despite being public authority bodies, act as civil subjects as well while purchasing merchandise and services in the market, hence the government procurement can affect a country's financial policy. Moreover, as the executive departments dominate national activities and the procurement amounts grow constantly, the functions of government procurement extend from saving public funds and improving their efficiency to addressing poverty, supporting declining industries and even overcoming the economic downturn, etc.. As long as the government procurement are used to solve the mentioned problems, and consequently trade barriers are set on free trade in terms of international economic exchange, government procurement become an object of international trade regulations. Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) is a plurilateral agreement under the framework of the WTO. Taiwan's accession to the GPA in 2009 not only turned a new page on our government procurement system, but also entitled our suppliers to enter the government procurement market of other Member States. On the other hand, the PRC is not yet a GPA member state, despite its policy and commitment to join since the accession to the WTO in 2001. Little information is available on government procurement specifications before the implementation of government procurement law in the PRC. Nevertheless, the PRC has great political and economic influence with its investment in the foreign debts of other economies, the investment cooperation agreements it signed with other countries and the fact that many economies are expecting its investment or capital injection to help them out of the domestic economic difficulties. It is under this circumstances that China wants to expand business opportunities through the GPA while other countries are eagerly eyeing the Chinese government procurement market. Their competition forms an interesting game phenomenon. In this dissertation I compile relevant information to compare the cross-strait government procurement system evolution, their political and economic development process and their accession to the Government Procurement Agreement. I also have interviews with government procurement officials from both sides of the strait, participating suppliers and Taiwanese businessmen in order to study the issues that occur when government procurement projects are implemented and when Taiwanese businessmen get involved with the PRC government procurement.