L'étude des facteurs psychosociaux qui déterminent les comportements liés à la création d'entreprise est essentielle à l'explication de l'intention entrepreneuriale et du processus cognitif de sa transformation en action. Dans cette perspective nous nous sommes intéressés à la dynamique personnelle impliquée dans les conduites de création d'entreprise. Trois catégories de personnes ont participé à cette étude : les étudiants, les entrepreneurs en création et les entrepreneurs actifs. Cela nous a permis de contourner la difficulté méthodologique liée à la réalisation d'une observation longitudinale. A partir de la littérature internationale sur le sujet, nous présentons l'entrepreneuriat comme un processus téléologique qui s'élabore dans le temps. Ainsi, nous avons construit un modèle d'analyse par équations structurales établissant les liens entre les variables déterminantes de l'intention entrepreneuriale, les variables intermédiaires en particulier en référence au modèle du comportement planifié, à celui de Gollwitzer sur les phases de l'action et à Kuhl sur le contrôle de l'action et les conduites de création d'entreprise. Nos résultats nous ont permis de proposer un modèle théorique dit de la hiérarchisation de la mobilisation des capacités volitionnelles. Son postulat est semblable à celui de la théorie des besoins de Maslow. Toutefois, contrairement à la pyramide des besoins, nous faisons l'hypothèse d'une remobilisation possible des capacités volitionnelles d'une phase inférieure du processus / The study of psychosocial factors which determine the behaviors associated with business creation is essential to the explanation of entrepreneurial intention and of the cognitve process of its transformation into action. At this prospect, we have been interested in the personal dynamics involved in business creation management. Three professional categories have participated in this study : students, entrepreneurs in creating and active entrepreneurs. This has allowed us to get around the methodological difficulties related to the achievement of a longitudinal observation. On the basis of international literature on the subject, entrepreneurship can be presented as a teleological process that develops over time. Thus, we have constructed a model of analysis by structural equations establishing the relationship between the determining variables of the entrepreneurial intention, the intermediate variables, especially in reference of the theory of planned behavior, to that of Gollwitzer on the phases of action and that of Kuhl on the control of action and business creating management. Our results have allowed us to propose a theoretical model so called hierarchical organization of the mobilization of volitional capacities. Its premise is similar to Maslow's theory of needs. However, contrary to the pyramid of needs, we make the hypothesis of a possible remobilization of volitional capacities of a lower phase of the process.

The dissertation explores the relationship between gender and professions with a historical sociological analysis of the sociology profession in Sweden, Britain and the US. The theoretical framework draws upon three conceptual terrains: professions, organizations and gender. A variety of sources are utilized, such as published and unpublished material, interviews, available statistics, auto/biographies and archival material. The aim of the dissertation is twofold. First, it seeks to add to theorizing about the relationship between gender and professions by exploring the ways in which the emergence, organization of and knowledge production in an academic profession interrelates with gender. Second, the dissertation considers how gender is interrelated with the historical development of sociology as a profession. A revised concept of the “professional project” - which involves historically specific strategies of occupational closure - is used as an analytical tool to examine gendered processes of exclusion and demarcation that occurred in the three national histories of sociology. The dissertation considers three dimensions that are central to that framework of analysis - professional associations, academic departments and sociological canon – to explore how the restructuring of gender relations varied in different organizational spheres and over time. Although both women and men were involved in the sociological movement that preceded the emergence of the sociology profession, men came to dominate the institutional arenas such as sociology departments and professional associations. The conception of sociology as a field excluded the previous work of women, and some men, whose work did not fit the new agenda of objective science. Despite the fact that sociology as a profession institutionalised in different periods in Sweden, Britain and the US, until the late 1960s women were largely absent from higher posts in professional associations, sociology departments and the sociological canon. Also in all three sociology fields, there were social movements and women’s professional organizations that sought to bring women into the sociology profession and to put gender research on sociological agenda. Of the three arenas linked to the professional project, i. e. professional associations, academic departments and sociological canon, my analysis shows that women have made the greatest inroads in professional associations in terms of broadening the associations’ membership and representation as well as institutionalising gender caucuses and programs into the associations. Academic departments, where the production of future professionals and most knowledge takes place, have been slower to change. Finally, despite notable achievements in gendering sociological theory and research, gender has not yet become fully integrated into sociological canon.

L’objectif qui a présidé à la conduite de ces travaux de recherche était d’étudier l’inscription du projet dans la dynamique identitaire de bénéficiaires de prestations d’accompagnement à la construction de projets professionnels. La littérature sur le projet est disparate, Boutinet (1990, 2002) en propose une synthèse mettant en exergue la complexité de ce construit, à la fois personnel, collectif, pragmatique et existentiel. L’existentialisme athée de Sartre (1943, 1946) nous invite à considérer l’humain comme ce qui se définit d’abord lui-même par ses projets. Le projet n’est donc pas simplement professionnel mais engage en même temps des questions existentielles. Bien loin de s’intégrer passivement à la dynamique identitaire du sujet, nous postulons du projet qu’il l’organise en fonction des finalités du sujet. Nous avons donc voulu révéler chez nos sujets comment un tel projet composite, à la fois existentiel et pragmatique, peut organiser les représentations identitaires en son sens. Une première recherche exploratoire au moyen de la méthode d’investigation IMIS issue de la théorie ego-écologique de l’identité (Zavalloni & Louis-guérin, 1984 ; Zavalloni, 2007) met en évidence la complexité des transactions qui concourent à la construction du sens et de manières d’être et d’agir au sein de la dynamique identitaire. Une série d’entretiens auprès de cinq sujets nous a amené à considérer la complexité de la dynamique identitaire sous l’angle de ce qui l’organise, le projet de soi existentiel, de ce qui la concrétise, l’action socialement située, et de ce qui la justifie, la socialisation du sujet au sein de son environnement socioculturel. Ces travaux que nous présentons viennent enrichir le modèle théorique de la dynamique du système capacitaire (Costalat-Founeau, 1997, 2008) en approfondissant les liens entre le projet, qui comporte une composante existentielle et une autre pragmatique, la socialisation qui est à la fois reconstruction des définitions du social et quête de reconnaissance par le sujet, puis enfin l’action qui apporte une concrétisation expérientielle et une validation sociale aux représentations identitaires et capacités subjectives. Une seconde étude, menée selon une approche méthodologique quantitative et longitudinale, se centre sur l’évolution des niveaux de capacité subjective liée au projet professionnel, avant et après une prestation de bilan de compétences. Elle fait l’objet de la création et de la validation d’une nouvelle échelle intitulée « ECS-PP » pour échelle de la capacité subjective liée au projet professionnel. Proposée à 50 bénéficiaires de bilan, elle fait ressortir que toutes les dimensions de la capacité liée au projet n’évoluent pas ensemble dans les mêmes proportions. / Our aim in conducting these works was to study the inclusion of the project in identity dynamics of people attending a career orientation counseling. The literature about the project is disparate, Boutinet (1990, 2002) offers a synthesis underlining the complexity of this construct, as being personal, social, pragmatic and existential at the same time. Sartre’s (1943, 1946) atheist existentialism invites us to consider human being as what describes itself first by its projects. The project therefore is not simply professional but engages at the same time existential questions. Far for passively integrating itself in identity dynamics, we postulate that the project organizes these dynamics in respect of the subject’s finalities. We wanted to reveal in our subjects how such a heterogeneous project, both existential and pragmatic, could organize identity representations in its way. A first exploratory research using the IMIS methodology of investigation derived from the ego-ecological theory of identity (Zavalloni & Louis-guérin, 1984 ; Zavalloni, 2007) gives rise to the complexity of transactions that combine to construct meaning and ways of thinking and acting inside identity dynamics. A series of interviews with five subjects leaded us to consider the complexity of identity dynamics under the angle of what organizes it, the existential project of self, of what concretizes it, socially situated action, and of what justifies it, socialization of the subject in his social and cultural environment. These works we are presenting enrich the theoretical model of the dynamics of the system of capability (Costalat-Founeau, 1997, 2008) by deepening in the links between the project, that includes an existential element and another pragmatic, the socialization which is both reconstruction of definitions of the social environment and quest for recognition by the subject, then at last the action which brings an experiential concretization and social validation to identity representations and subjective capabilities. Another study, with a quantitative and longitudinal approach, centers on the evolution of levels of subjective capability in regard to the professional project, before and after a career orientation counseling. This led to an attempt of creating and validating a new scale named “SSC-PP” for scale of subjective capability related to the professional project. Submitted to 50 participants of a career orientation counseling, it showed that all dimensions of capability related to the project don’t evolve together in the same proportions.

Problem: Continuous improvement is important in modern healthcare to control increasing costs and fulfil the demand for higher quality. This requires interdisciplinary collaboration between healthcare professionals. However, these professions are seeking to maintain and improve their social status through a ‘professional project’. There are existing professional barriers based on historical privileges and boundaries, leading to nurses holding lower status. The extent to which this motivates medical professionals and nurses in particular to be involved in continuous improvement is unclear. Is it that nurses are driven to become involved in continuous improvement by their ‘professional project’, and is there any evidence that involvement in continuous improvement benefits their status? Purpose: This thesis explores (a) the effect that the ‘professional project’ of nursing, gaining relative equality with doctors, has on involvement in continuous improvement activities, and (b) how involvement in continuous improvement activities affects the status of nurses relative to doctors.  Method: This qualitative study has been performed through an interview study based on themes, on the topic of improvement in healthcare. The empirical data is gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with professionals from Sweden, New Zealand and The Netherlands. The participants were active within Hospitals and Primary Care, and had the position of nurse, manager or doctor. Data was analysed using the Thematic Analysis approach as proposed by Braun & Clarke (2006).  Findings: The results of our research suggest that nurses’ status has certainly improved. However, rational status-seeking described by many other researchers, could be better described as ‘seeking a voice’. Nurses are driven by ambition and improving patient care, rather than seeking strict equality with doctors. Continuous improvement has given nurses the opportunity to take on more technical roles and have more input on the way medical tasks are conducted. Enhanced communication between all levels of healthcare organisations has given nurses the opportunity to show their knowledge. It has resulted in more understanding and respect by doctors of what nurses are capable of. Nurses are highly motivated to participate in continuous improvement, driven by the common logic of patient centricity. However, external factors such as limited time and financial support slow them down.

L’évolution du contexte d’enseignement au cours des quarante dernières années invite à repenser la question de la réussite universitaire. Les métamorphoses de la population étudiante et des systèmes d’organisation des études universitaires ont engendré des difficultés importantes, en particulier sur les modalités d’accès au diplôme universitaire et les conditions d’insertion professionnelle des étudiants. Face à ces difficultés, des études, fortement orientées vers l’analyse des échecs et des abadons, se sont emparées de la question étudiante pour tenter de comprendre les mécanismes explicatifs des phénomènes constatés dans les universités. Notre approche rompt avec cette tradition sociologique mettant l’accent sur les défaillances, les défauts, les manques d’une population. Elle analyse les conditions de réussite des étudiants inscrits au sein de l’UFR SESS-STAPS de l’UPEC. Cette enquête porte sur l’étude des trajectoires des étudiants afin de mieux isoler les facteurs explicatifs de leur réussite. Ceux qui réussissent sont-ils tellement différents de ceux qui échouent ou quittent l’université ?Les éléments de définition de la réussite adoptés dans cette thèse ainsi que les données recueillies permettent de comprendre que les études universitaires sont loin d’être jouées à l’avance, il est possible de constater des réussites importantes de certains étudiants donnés perdants dès l’entrée à l’université. Notre investigation méthodologique appréhende ces différents mécanismes en oeuvre dans le parcours universitaire des étudiants en licence. / The changing educational environment that has occurred over the last four decades invites us to rethink the issue of academic achievement. The metamorphoses of student population and organisational systems of university studies have caused important difficulties, especially on the access to university diploma and on students’ professional integration conditions. Given these difficulties, research, greatly oriented to the analysis of failures and student dropouts, has focused on the student issue in order to try to understand the explanatory mechanisms of phenomena observed in universities. Our approach breaks with this sociological tradition by highlighting the weaknesses, flaws and lacks of a population. It analyses conditions for success concerning students registered in SESS-STAPS UFR at UPEC University. This research focuses on the analysis of students’ path so as to isolate in a better way the explanatory factors of their success. Those who succeed are they really different from those who fail or quit university ?The elements of definition for success in this thesis and the collected data enable us to understand that university studies are far from being a foregone conclusion. It is possible to determine important successes of some students given to be underdogs from the start of the academic year. Our methodological investigation apprehends these different mechanisms working within academic careers of bachelor students.

No description available.

Malgré une abondante littérature scientifique consacrée aux valeurs en tant que croyances et préférences partagées, les valeurs des adolescent.e.s sont peu étudiées. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse consiste à contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des valeurs, à travers l’analyse des déterminants du changement des valeurs à l’adolescence. Nous avons réalisé trois études auprès des élèves à l’aide du questionnaire des valeurs de Schwartz. La première étude porte sur l’analyse du lien entre le facteur âge et l’évolution des valeurs chez les adolescent.e.s. La deuxième étude analyse le rôle des variables personnelles et sociodémographiques sur le changement des valeurs. La dernière étude porte sur l’impact des événements de vie inopinés sur l’évolution des valeurs. A partir de l’examen de la littérature proposée à ce sujet et des résultats de ces trois études, un modèle théorique de l’évolution des valeurs est proposé. De même, l’implication pratique de cette recherche préconise une approche holistique et dynamique d’aide à l’élaboration des projets des adolescent.e.s. / Despite a wealth of scientific literature on values as shared beliefs and preferences, adolescent values are poorly studied. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of values, through the analysis of the determinants of change in values in adolescence. We conducted three student studies using the Schwartz Values Questionnaire. The first study deals with the analysis of the link between the age factor and the evolution of values in adolescents. The second study analyzes the role of personal and sociodemographic variables in changing values. The last study focuses on the impact of unplanned life events on the evolution of values. From the review of the literature proposed on this subject and the results of these three studies, a theoretical model of the evolution of values is proposed. Similarly, the practical implication of this research advocates a holistic and dynamic approach to assist in the development of adolescent projects.

Issue d'un contexte professionnel, cette thèse tente de mettre au jour, principalement à travers le concept d'activité et la médiation du processus d'autoconfrontation, l'émergence de questionnements majeurs au cœur de la pratique quotidienne des chargés d'insertion des travailleurs handicapés en centre de réadaptation professionnelle. Il s’agit de contribuer à montrer et comprendre comment ces professionnels interrogent leur posture dans leur travail d'insertion, pris entre des valeurs parfois contradictoires, entre marché du travail et accompagnement médico-social. / This thesis draws upon a professional context in an attempt to highlight the emergence of major queries central to the everyday duties of vocational project managers supporting disabled workers in vocational rehabilitation centers. The underlying approach is based on the concept of activity and mediation through the process of self-confrontation. The objective is to help demonstrate and understand how these vocational professionals, despite being caught between sometimes conflicting values, between the labour market and the medico-social support they provide, perceive their position as they strive to enable disabled persons to find employment.

No description available.

The present study had as objective to analyze the origin and cause of complaints about ethical irregularities on the professional practice of social worker, submitted to CRESS 18ª region. In this sense, the debate went around the operational dimension of ethics guided by the principles and ideals that consubstantiated each professional Code of Ethic. Concerning to methodological procedures, it’s a documental and bibliographic research with and qualitative approach, utilizing as technique the analyses of complaints filed in CRESS Sergipe, as well as the laws that govern the ethical dimension of Social Work. The research universe consists of 18 complaints filed in CRESS in time frame of 14 years. This study initially presents a reflexion about social work historical journey and the ideals which guided seizure of professional ethics. Then, it shows the place of ethics in contemporary Social Work with the backdrop of the Political Ethics Project, a result from the process of maturity and professional position from the ethical principles such as democracy, liberty, equality and citizenship and uncompromising defense of social rights. inally, it was found that the complaint as a public instrument of defense of the "interests" of the user and the profession, is presented as a possibility to observe the ethical and technical working conditions, guarantee the quality of provision of social services critically and zeal in the defense of human rights. / O estudo em foco teve como objetivo analisar a origem e motivo das denúncias acerca da irregularidade ética quanto ao exercício profissional do assistente social, apresentadas ao CRESS 18ª região. Neste sentido, o debate transcorreu em torno da dimensão operacional da ética norteada pelos princípios que consubstanciaram cada Código de Ética profissional. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como técnica a análise as denúncias protocoladas no CRESS Sergipe, bem como as legislações que norteiam a dimensão ética do Serviço Social. O universo da pesquisa é constituído por 18 denúncias protocoladas no CRESS em recorte temporal de 14 anos. O estudo apresenta inicialmente uma reflexão sobre a trajetória histórica do Serviço Social e os ideários que nortearam a apreensão da ética profissional. Em seguida, apresenta o lugar da ética no Serviço Social contemporâneo tendo como pano de fundo o Projeto Ético Político fruto do processo de amadurecimento e posicionamento profissional a partir dos princípios éticos como a democracia, liberdade, equidade e cidadania e a defesa intransigente dos direitos sociais. Por fim, constatou-se que a denúncia como instrumento público de defesa dos “interesses" do usuário e da profissão, é apresentada como possibilidade de observação das condições éticas e técnicas de trabalho, garantia na qualidade da prestação de serviços sociais de forma crítica e do zelo na defesa dos direitos humanos.