Naicker, Nisha. student no: 8900519E. MMed thesis, Public Health Medicine, 2006. / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Soul City is a non-governmental organisation that runs a HIV/AIDS Adult Education Training Programme. The training involves fourteen partner organisations. The training programme uses the Soul City HIV/AIDS materials to train master trainers, who then train others (community trainees) to use the materials (A cascade model of training). Objectives of the study The study evaluated whether the training programme has met its objectives, the effectiveness of the training cascade model and the impact of the training. Methodology Study design: The study was divided into 2 sub – studies. The respondents were randomly and proportionately selected per province. Questionnaires were developed and the participants were interviewed telephonically or face to face. Study Period: July- August 2004. Study population: 1. Partner organisations managers and master trainers. Sample size of 30. 2. Community trainees. Sample size of 265. Results Master trainers: Impact of the training on the organisations and individuals was positive, since it strengthened the organisations and improved knowledge and attitudes of participants.A few, mainly administrative problems were experienced by the partner organisations, however these problems were subsequently dealt with. Community Trainees: A large number of community trainees are being trained and they are training others in the community. The majority of the training took place in urban areas. Reaching rural areas was a challenge. 83% of participants had a very good knowledge and understanding of HIV/AIDS related issues. Participants scored highly on assessment of their behaviour as well. The majority of trainees had positive views of the training. Conclusion The study showed that the training programme had met its objectives and the cascade training model used was effective. Thus the training process was effective in training individuals and contributing to positive changes in the partner organisations and on an individual level.

This study explores the perceptions of health care workers regarding men’s participation in HIV programmes with the objective of identifying factors that may facilitate or hinder the participation of men in such programmes. A sub aim was to explore how perceptions regarding the effects of different constructions of masculinity may be implicated in the ways men respond to HIV programmes. The study was conducted with permission from HIV/AIDS clinics: Thembalethu clinic in the Helen Joseph Hospital, Tshwarisanang couples’ VCT clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital and two Johannesburg University campus clinics. Data was collected using a purposive sample of 8 health care workers. Each participant took part in one-on-one semi-structured interviews, which yielded the results of this study. The data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results showed that a majority of the health care workers perceived men to be nonparticipatory in HIV programmes. They perceived barriers to men’s participation to be men’s varied perception of fear knowing their HIV status, fear of dying and fear of the emotional consequences of testing positive such as anger and depression. Men also see counselling as a sign of weakness and as a result, they do not participate in HIV programmes. In conclusion, health care workers identified the need to develop new strategies and best suited programmes that promote HIV testing amongst men.

The study assesses the Lesotho government’s assistance programmes in addressing the financial implications of Education for All (EFA) at secondary school level. It does this by examining the objectives of the financial assistance programmes, their main problems and tensions in the implementation, and how they impact on the education of poor learners. This research was conducted using a qualitative methodology, which relied in part on the case study approach by focusing on two schools in the poor areas of Lesotho. The study used a multi-method data collection approach with interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The respondents were selected on the basis of their relationship to the implementation of these government programmes. The school sample comprised two (2) principals, four (4) parents of learners targeted by such assistance programmes, and four (4) teachers working with learners who were beneficiaries of these programmes and who knew how these programmes assisted them (or not). There were two MOET officials, the bursary manager at central level, responsible for all government assistance programmes; and the district education bursary administrator responsible for the OVC programmes and entrusted with implementing the programmes in line with the regulations. The decision to get information from these respondents was because they were knowledgeable or experienced in different aspects of these government programmes, their implementation, and the impact on schools and learners. ii Using the rational and political analytical approaches, the findings reveal the limited conceptualization of the financial assistance programmes designed to widen the secondary education of poor learners as these did not address the deeper problems of Orphans and Vulnerable Children’s (OVC) problems in accessing and completing their education. The rational approach indicates poor system resources and capacity to effectively manage these programmes, as well as poor monitoring and accountability at all levels of the system. The political approach emphasises the poor implementation context of these assistance programmes due to the conflicting agendas of various programme implementers. The role of leadership is identified as crucial in interpreting and effectively mediating the operationalisation of these programmes on the ground so that the more deserving poor learners benefit. However, such leadership appears to be lacking at various levels of the implementation process. The study concludes that in order for these government assistance programmes to have a lasting and meaningful impact on OVC secondary schooling, there is a need to review their assumptions and scope to address more fully the OVC needs. Additional resource mobilization coupled with strong leadership, monitoring and evaluation are necessary for this to be realised.

Contexte - La majorité des fumeurs adultes ont commencé à fumer à l'adolescence et sont devenus dépendants avant l'âge de vingt ans. La plupart des efforts de lutte contre le tabagisme des jeunes se sont centrés sur la prévention de l'initiation et peu sur l'aide au sevrage. Sur ce constat, nous avons proposé de mettre en place une démarche originale de sevrage basée sur une offre de proximité associant le sevrage médicamenteux aux thérapies cognitivo-comportementales. Dans une perspective de réduction des inégalités sociales de santé, nous avons souhaité centrer notre action sur une population particulièrement vulnérable habituellement peu sollicitée, celle des jeunes apprentis. Avant de généraliser une telle intervention, il était important d'en évaluer l'efficacité. Objectif - 1) décrire les caractéristiques du tabagisme dans une population socialement défavorisée, les apprentis 2) puis mettre en évidence les déterminants de la dépendance au tabagisme dans cette population 3) et enfin répondre à l'objectif principal qui est l'évaluation de l'efficacité de l'offre d'un programme de sevrage tabagique au sein de cette population.Méthode - Cette étude quasi-expérimentale, prospective, comparative s'est déroulée au cours des 2 années d'apprentissage. La population était composée de l'ensemble des stagiaires de huit CFA (Centre de Formation des Apprentis) en Lorraine. Le groupe intervention (3 CFA) a bénéficié du programme TABADO, et le groupe témoin (5 CFA) n'a reçu aucune intervention spécifique autre que les services éducatifs généralement disponibles. Résultats - Parmi les 1.814 élèves interrogés (770 dans le groupe intervention, 1044 dans le groupe témoin), 52% étaient fumeurs dont 89,4% de fumeurs quotidiens, et 5,7% ex-fumeurs. L'âge moyen d'initiation au tabagisme était de 12,1 ans (ET=2,1) et celui du début du tabagisme régulier de 13,8 ans (ET=1,6). La consommation actuelle des fumeurs s'élevait en moyenne à 12,8 cigarettes par jour (ET=7,8). Le score moyen de dépendance des adolescents fumeurs interrogés était de 6,1 (ET=2,8), d'après le test du Hooked On Nicotine Checklist (score de 0 à 10= fortement dépendant). Les déterminants de la dépendance mis en évidence étaient : le genre féminin, le tabagisme quotidien, une forte consommation moyenne journalière, la co-consommation de cannabis, un environnement fumeur et un haut score de vulnérabilité perçue. Les facteurs perçus comme incitant à fumer (automatisme du geste, gestion du stress et soutien du moral) étaient également des facteurs de dépendance. Sur les 584 fumeurs à J0 suivis à J0+12 mois, 17% étaient devenus abstinents dans le groupe d'intervention vs. 11,9% dans le groupe témoin (p = 0,08 univariée, p = 0,008 ajusté ; odds ratio [OR] 2,1; 95% intervalle de confiance [IC] 1.2 à 3.6). Conclusion - Notre étude a permis de produire des données originales sur l'efficacité d'une action de sevrage tabagique dans une jeune population socialement défavorisée qui avait été très peu investiguée jusqu'à présent. La combinaison de la proximité de l'action d'information et de soutien psychologique, et d'une offre gratuite de substituts nicotiniques paraît comme une condition du succès. La mise en évidence d'un effet groupe devrait permettre à l'avenir d'élaborer des programmes facilitant cet effet des réseaux sociaux / Context - Most smokers start smoking during adolescence and became smoking dependent before the age of 20. Efforts to fight against smoking in the teenage population have focused largely on programs to prevent rather than quit smoking. On this basis, we implemented an original approach of help to smoking cessation based on a nearness offer associating pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioural strategy with. In a perspective of reducing social health inequalities, we wanted to focus our efforts on a particularly vulnerable population usually not sought, the apprentices. Before expanding such programs, their efficacy must be assessed.Objective- 1) describe the characteristics of smoking in a socially disadvantaged population, the apprentices 2) then highlight the determinants of tobacco addiction in this population 3) and finally meet the main objective which is the evaluation of the effectiveness of offering a smoking cessation program in this population. Method - This quasi-experimental, prospective, comparative study was conducted during two years ofvocational training. The population was composed of all the students from eight VTC (Vocational Training Center) in Lorraine (France). The intervention group (3 CFA) has benefited from the TABADO program, and the control group (5 CFA) received no specific intervention other than educational services generally available. Results - Among the 1,814 students included (770 in the intervention group, 1044 in the control group), 52.0 % were smokers among whom 89.4 % daily smokers, and 5.7 % were ex-smokers. The average age of tobacco use initiation was 12.1 years (SD=2.1) and the average age at inception of regular cigarette smoking was 13.8 years (SD=1.6). Current consumption of the smokers was 12.8 cigarettes per day (SD = 7.8). The average score of smoking addiction was 6.1 (SD = 2.8), according to the Hooked On Nicotine Checklist test (score from 0 to 10 = strongly dependent). Factors significantly associated with dependence were female gender, daily cigarette use, high mean daily cigarette use, co-consumption of cannabis, a smoking environment and a high score of perceived vulnerability. Factors perceived as leading to smoking (automatic gesture, combating stress and supporting morale) were also dependence factors. Of 584 original smokers at 12-month follow-up, 17% in the intervention group were abstinent vs. 11.9% in the control group (univariate p=0.08; adjusted p=0.008; odds ratio [OR] 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.6). Conclusions - Our study has produced original data on the effectiveness of a smoking cessation in a socially disadvantaged young people who had hardly been investigated so far. The combination of proximity to the action of information and psychological support, and an offer of free nicotine replacement therapy seems to be a prerequisite for success. The demonstration effect of a group should allow the future to develop programs that facilitate this effect of social networks

This thesis presents a series of three case studies of the Chinese Spring Festival Eve Variety Show selected between 1983 and 2010. The case studies were chosen to exemplify the overall trend in how China’s television has developed against the broader socio-political context of major economic reforms taking place since the late 1970s.

Student Number:9402474A Master of Education (Educational Psychology) School of Human and Community Development Faculty Humanities / The aim of the study was to determine the beliefs and practices regarding HIV/Aids awareness and prevention among service providers working in the field of intellectual disability. In order to investigate this aim, a cross-sectional survey research design was employed which incorporated a purposive sampel that consisted of 28 participants representing 21 organizations catering for adults with intellectual disability in Gauteng. These participants were interviewed using a structured interview schedule and the data were analysed using both descriptive statistics and content analysis. The results indicated that the majority of participants perceived that their organization had a role to play in raising awareness and preventing the spread of HIV/Aids and considered adults with intellectual disability to be a risk for contracting HIV.

Thesis (M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of the North, 1996 / Refer to document

Notre étude porte sur la professionnalisation des étudiants interprètes et traducteurs du français au vietnamien – et inversement et s’insère dans le contexte historique déjà ancien de cette formation au Viêt-Nam. Comment et dans quel cadre former à la complexité de la traduction telle qu’elle est perçue et s’impose aujourd’hui ? Cette question se pose avec acuité dans le contexte universitaire vietnamien qui constitue le champ d’investigation de cette thèse, car la professionnalisation était jusqu’à présent absente de l’horizon universitaire, même si elle est une préoccupation émergente. Nous étudions dans un premier temps, en quoi consiste l’acte de traduire, en vue de discerner sa nature et ses spécificités. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons deux enquêtes : l’une conduite dans les établissements universitaires pour étudier les curricula de formation en traduction-interprétation, l’autre réalisée auprès de traducteurs et interprètes professionnels vietnamiens. Dans un troisième temps, nous confrontons les curricula de formation à la réalité du terrain professionnel pour analyser les enjeux et les défis que rencontrerait une formation universitaire et professionnalisante aux métiers de traducteur et interprète. / Our research focuses on the professionalization of French to Vietnamese - and vice versa - interpretation and translation students is part of the historical context of this training subject in Vietnam. How and in what context can we train students to the complexity of translation as it is perceived and imposed today? This question is particularly involved with the University education context in Vietnam, which is the subject of investigation in this thesis, because translating professionalization has hitherto been absent from the university curriculum, despite of its emerging concern.First, we study what the act of translation consists of, with a view to discerning its nature and specificities. Secondly, we present two surveys: one conducted in academic institutions to study translation-interpretation training curricula, the other conducted with professional Vietnamese translators and interpreters. Thirdly, we will compare the training curricula with the professional practices in reality in order to analyze the difficulties and challenges that would be faced by university education of translating and interpreting professions.

Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2010. / The focus of the study was on the contribution of media exposure towards the functionality of dysfunctional schools in Limpopo Province: Capricorn District. The study was qualitative in nature and concentrated on the schools in Capricorn District that were affected by the media industry. Seven schools were selected as follows: one from Mankweng Circuit, two from Nokotlou Circuit, One from Sepitsi Circuit, One from Seshego Circuit, One from Pietersburg Circuit and one from Mogodumo Circuit. According to the research findings, the majority of the schools which were exposed by the media improved their functions. A positive impact of media exposure has also been identified through research findings in terms of the Department of Education’s involvement in the schools which were affected by the media.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2008 / Land reform is divided into three sub-programmes, which are redistribution programmes, restitution and tenure reform. The redistribution programme consists of Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development settlement and non-agricultural enterprises. Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme was established to redress the imbalances of land owners aroused from the previous government and its policies. A person who qualifies to purchase farms through the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme is a previously disadvantaged person, that is, an African, Coloured and Indian. If a person belongs to a previously disadvantaged group and that particular person works for the government he/she does not qualify to be funded by the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme. The National Department of Agriculture introduced a new programme called the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme. The primary aim of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme is to make provision for agricultural support to targeted beneficiaries of the land reform and agrarian reform programme. This dissertation proposed an investigation of the success factors of Comprehensive agricultural Support programme on the farms allocated under the Land redistribution for Agricultural Development in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province. The objectives of study were: i. To determine factors influencing the success of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme projects on farms allocated under the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms ii. To suggest recommendations for the improvement of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme. iv A case study approach was used to investigate the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme funded projects. Personal interview questions were posed to participants who were the farmers who receiving the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme grant and managers who were managing the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms. Open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data and four farms allocated under Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development funded by the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme and four municipal managers in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province were interviewed. The qualitative approach was used to process the data The chapter layouts of this research are as follows: Chapter 1: Problem Statement, Aims and Objectives of the Study, Chapter 2: Literature Survey, Chapter 3: Research Design, Chapter 4: Analysis of Data and Interpretation, and Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusion. The analysis of the data revealed that Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme is a success on the farms allocated under the Land redistribution for Agricultural Development in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province.