Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette thèse porte sur l'évaluation de projets/programmes dans les pays en voie de développement. Partant de l'exemple de quatre projets du Burkina Faso, cette recherche s'est interrogée sur la pertinence du type d'évaluation externe à privilégier entre l'évaluation ex-ante (évaluation avant) et l'évaluation à mi-parcours. Il a été aussi question de déterminer les causes de l'insuffisance de la pratique de l'évaluation dans les pays en voie de développement. Les différentes investigations menées auprès de bénéficiaires de projets humanitaires, ont démontré qu'il est plus intéressant de choisir l'évaluation externe à mi-parcours qui favorise l'atteinte des objectifs visés du projet. Par ailleurs, en interrogeant les principaux acteurs de projets : consultants, ONG, bailleurs de fonds, ministères, etc. il ressort que l'ignorance du bien-fondé de l'évaluation, le coût élevé de l'évaluation et la perception de l'évaluation comme sanction (contrôle) sont les trois premières raisons qui freinent la pratique de l'évaluation externe. Enfin, cette thèse propose des outils pratiques en évaluation de projets. En effet, un regard critique a été porté sur l'évaluation en binôme. En outre, en prenant l'exemple concret d'une mission d'évaluation réalisée au Mali, les différentes phases de la conduite d'une évaluation de projet, allant de la commande à la livraison du rapport d'évaluation en passant par le recueil des données et/ou informations ont été détaillées. / This thesis concerns the evaluation of projects/programs in developing countries. Based on the example of four projects in Burkina Faso, this research wondered about the relevance of the type of external evaluation to favor between an ex-ante evaluation (evaluation before) or a mid-term evaluation. It was also necessary to question the causes of an insufficient practice of evaluation in developing countries. From various investigations led with beneficiaries of humanitarian projects, it is possible to demonstrate that it is more interesting to choose a mid-term external evaluation which favors the achievement of the objectives aimed by the project. Besides, by questioning the main actors of projects: consultants, NGOs, donors, ministries, etc. it emerges that the first three reasons which slow down the practice of the external evaluation are: ignorance of the legitimacy of evaluations, the high cost of evaluations and the perception of evaluation as a sanction (control). Finally, this thesis proposes practical tools in projects evaluation. Indeed, a critical look concerned the evaluation in binomial. Besides, by taking the concrete example of an evaluation mission accomplished in Mali, various phases related to the conduct of a project evaluation, starting from the order to the delivery of the appraisal report as well as the data and/or information collection, were detailed.

Développer des analyseurs statiques nécessite une manipulation intensive de structures d'arbres et de graphes représentant le programme. La finalité de cette thèse est de proposer des constructions de langage dédiées au prototypage d'outils d'analyse et de transformation de programmes et inspirées de la réécriture de termes et de termes-graphes. L'originalité de notre approche est d'embarquer ces nouvelles constructions dans les langages généralistes sous la forme d'un langage dédié embarqué. Les travaux de cette thèse se fondent sur le langage Tom qui propose d'embarquer des constructions de réécriture dans des langages généralistes comme Java. La première contribution de cette thèse a été de formaliser les langages embarqués sous le concept de langage îlot. Ce formalisme a ainsi permis de certifier la compilation du langage Tom. Nos travaux sur l'analyse de Bytecode nous ont ensuite conduit à réfléchir à la représentation et la manipulation de graphes de flot de programmes et nous avons alors proposé des constructions de langage inspirées de la réécriture de termes-graphes. Une autre contribution de cette thèse est la conception d'un langage de stratégies adapté à l'expression de propriétés sur un programme. Associé au filtrage, ce langage permet d'exprimer de manière déclarative des analyses et des transformations sur des arbres ou des graphes. Enfin, l'ensemble des propositions de cette thèse a été intégré au langage Tom sous la forme de nouvelles constructions syntaxiques ou d'améliorations de constructions existantes et a ainsi pu être appliqué à l'analyse du langage Java. / Developing static analyzers requires an intensive handling of tree and graph structures representing the program. Even if generalist languages such as Java or C++ have libraries dedicated to the manipulation of such structures, the absence of specialized statements makes the code complex and difficult to maintain. The purpose of this thesis is to provide dedicated language constructs to prototype tools for analysis and program transformation inspired by the term and term-graph rewriting. The originality of our approach is to embed these new statements in generalist languages. This is motivated by the development of the Tom language that offers rewriting constructs for generalist languages like Java. The first contribution of this thesis is to formalize embedded languages in the concept of island languages. This formalism enables the certification of the Tom compiler. Our work on Bytecode analysis leads us to propose a dedicated language for the representation and manipulation of program flow graphs. Thus we propose language constructs based on the term-graph rewriting. A further contribution of this thesis is to design a strategy language adapted to the expression of properties on a program. Associated with matching capabilities, this language allows to express in a declarative way analysis and transformations on trees or graphs. Finally, all the proposals of this thesis have been integrated into the Tom language in the form of new statements or improvements of existing ones. This language proposal has been applied to the analysis of Java programs.

Orientador: Eliane Mauerberg-de-Castro / Resumo: Em 2012 o Comitê Paralímpico Internacional (IPC) lançou a Agitos Foundation (tratada nesse estudo como “Fundação Agitos – FA”), com o objetivo de cumprir os objetivos estratégicos de desenvolvimento e educação através do esporte. Após os Jogos Paralímpicos de Londres 2012, juntamente com o início de um novo ciclo rumo aos Jogos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, a FA iniciou seus trabalhos com a implantação de programas de desenvolvimento paradesportivos, incluindo a realização de workshops para capacitação profissional, como treinadores, atletas, classificadores e gestores. Esse estudo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto dos programas implementados pela FA em treinadores do esporte Paralímpico considerando o perfil profissional, habilidades, intenções e motivações através de componentes atitudinais e formação, direta e indiretamente relacionados ao esporte Paralímpico / paradesporto. Participaram desse estudo 28 treinadores que atenderam aos workshops da FA entre 2012 e 2016, representantes de 14 países da América do Sul, Central e do Norte (20 do sexo masculino e 8 do feminino), com média de idade de 37 anos, a maioria apresentando nível superior em educação física. Um questionário foi construído para avaliar dimensões de origem intrínseca: motivação, competências, formação; e dimensões de origem extrínseca: situação local sobre os esportes para pessoas com deficiência e questões culturais no que diz respeito aos direitos de pessoas com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In 2012 the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) launched the Agitos Foundation (herein referred as “Fundação Agitos – FA”), with the objective of fulfilling the strategic objectives of development and education through sport. After the Paralympic Games of London 2012, along with the beginning of a new cycle towards the Paralympic Games Rio 2016, FA began its work with the implementation of parasport development programs, including the organization of workshops for professional qualification, like coaches, athletes, classifiers and sport managers. This study aims to analyze the impact the programs implemented by FA have on Paralympic coaches considering their professional profiles, skills, intentions and motivations through attitudinal components and training background, directly and indirectly related to the Paralympic sport / parasport. Twenty-eight coaches that participated on the FA workshops between 2012 and 2016 representatives from 14 South, Central and North American countries (20 males and 8 females), average age 37 years, participated in this study, majority with degree in physical education. A questionnaire was constructed to assess dimensions of intrinsic origin: motivation, competences, training background; and dimensions of extrinsic origin: situation of local disability sports and cultural issues towards disability rights. Regarding the attitudinal and professional competences, the profile presented by these coaches indicated that participation in the FA wo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Marriage is an important phenomenon that occurs in most societies across the world. Within the Islamic belief system, marriage is regarded as a sacred union and is obligatory on all Muslim people. This qualitative study explored the perceptions that eight young Muslim South African adults have regarding marriage, using semistructured interviews. The data was analysed by following a thematic content analysis framework which highlighted aspects such as the extent to which participants ascribed to their religious beliefs regarding marriage, any societal influences that may have shaped their views on marriage as well as the factors they believed lead to the success as well as the breakdown of marriages. From the results, it was evident that young Muslim South African adults had positive views on marriage, and expected to get married at some point in their lives. This was primarily due to their religious Islamic backgrounds and family upbringings. Moreover, the results indicated that young Muslim adults are more flexible with regard to engaging in pre-marital romantic relationships, yet continued to hold marriage in high regard. Participants outlined factors such as teamwork from spouses, trust, commitment, understanding, honesty as well as communication between spouses as integral in achieving and maintaining a successful marriage. These perceptions are discussed in relation to findings from other studies. The need for pre-marital programmes for young Muslim adults is highlighted.

The Department of Social Development introduced the Community Shepherds life skills Project at two schools in the Ficksburg community, in the Thabo Mofutsanyane district of the Free State in 2007 due to the high rate of crime that occurred in the schools. The project targeted children with a history of criminal behaviour and learners who exhibited other forms of anti-social behaviour, and provided them with life skills that could help them face life challenges. No systematic evaluation of the project has been made since its inception and, therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the perceived impact of the Community Shepherds Project in reducing crime in schools in the Ficksburg community in the Free State province. To achieve the aim the following objectives were identified: To establish the perceived impact of the Community Shepherds Project’s life skills programme on the behaviour and conduct of learners who are participating in the project; to identify factors impacting on the successful implementation of the Community Shepherds project; and to suggest ways of strengthening the Community Shepherds Project. The study population consisted of learners who were members of the Community Shepherds Project in Ficksburg, who had participated in the project since its inception, and their parents. Teachers from the schools participating in the project and the police in Ficksburg constituted the key informants. The sample included 15 learners who were participating in the project who had been arrested for committing different offences and who displayed anti-social behaviour at home and in school, their 12 parents and 4 key informants from the police and the schools. A qualitative research design was used to collect data from the participants in order to obtain in-depth information concerning the perceived impact of the life skills programme on the behaviour and conduct of learners who participated in the programme. Different semi-structured interview schedules were administered to the learners, their parents and the key informants. The findings reveal that the perceptions of the respondents was that the life skills programme had an impact on the behaviour of learners because the life skills that they had gained from the programme helped them to stop committing the offences that they used to commit. The life skills also helped them to stop displaying the anti-social behaviour that they used to exhibit. 2 The findings revealed that the factors that contributed to the success of the project included the approaches that the facilitators used to run the project, like motivating the learners in everything that they did, and the cooperation between the facilitators, the school and the parents. The findings also reveal that the good team work that occurred between the learners, support from the parents, as well as support from the Department of Social Development, all contributed to the success of the project. The suggested ways of strengthening the Community Shepherds Project were that the project should be implemented in all schools in the community, including the primary and multiracial schools. It was also suggested that the project should include all youths in the community. The final suggestion was that the project should include all stakeholders in the community. The life skill projects should target unemployed youths in the communities so that they can gain skills that can help them become self-employed. The study also recommends that the life skills project should be implemented in all schools in South Africa to provide learners with life skills that can help them to face life challenges. Learners who have been involved in criminal activities should not be the only ones who are taught life skills – all learners should have the same opportunity.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is particularly widespread in South Africa and it is reaching alarming proportions. Violence in South Africa is considered normative. Cognizance needs to be taken of the negative consequences thereof for the lives of men, women and children. Highly publicized acts of violence by men have captured the concern of the country, yet traditional intervention responses continue to focus more on women as victims. This research explored perceptions of non-perpetrating men involved in a GBV gender-based violence prevention programme at Sonke Gender Justice, Johannesburg. A qualitative research approach was used. Purposive sampling was applied when study participants were selected. Twelve participants were accessed from “One Man Can” – a prevention programme at Sonke Gender Justice. All the participants were male and had been involved in the prevention programme since its inception. Semi-structured interviews were used to conduct in-depth interviews. To enhance trustworthiness and rigour, data was triangulated, and in-depth interviews were also conducted with three key informants. The interviews were audio-recorded with the participants’ consent and transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze all data collected, resulting in the identification of themes, sub-themes and categories. The data was subjected to literature control against the existing body of knowledge. The research report indicated that there was awareness by participants in the GBV prevention programme of the multiple forms of GBV as well as the interrelatedness of the different forms. Substance abuse was found to both cause and exacerbate GBV. Prevention programmes were acknowledged to be beneficial to participants in terms of the knowledge and skills that were gained. The research study will make a valuable contribution to social work’s understanding of GBV and the positive role men can play in prevention interventions. Subsequently the recommendations indicate that men can be positively involved as partners in raising awareness and development of GBV programmes.