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This study sought to explore the existence of a relationship between age and/or military affiliation (active, veteran, or family member) and awareness of local community mental health programs available for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. The study separated age from military affiliation to better distinguish between influences on awareness level. Considerations that remain critical regarding post-traumatic stress disorder were described and used to guide a comprehensive review of the literature to find directions to fulfill the goal of this study. A survey was conducted and 586 active military, veterans, and their family members responded to an instrument that contained 40 items. This study was constrained to three items from the survey; age, military affiliation, self-rated awareness of treatment for PTSD. Multiple analysis techniques found no significant (p < .05) correlation between either age and awareness or military affiliation and awareness. Further analysis found a significant (p = .003) correlation between veterans and awareness, as well as between family members of veterans (p = .017) and awareness. Veterans and their family members indicated a greater awareness of local community mental health programs available for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder than did active troops and/or their family members. The significance of this finding presents new opportunities to study and improve both the marketing and the delivery of mental health treatment for PTSD to the active military population. Multiple opportunities for future research are discussed.

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Cirka 3 % av kvinnor som fött barn uppfyller DSM-5 diagnostiska kriterier för PTSD, och minst en tredjedel uppger att de upplevt förlossningen som traumatisk. Prolonged exposure (PE) är en evidensbaserad traumafokuserad kognitiv beteendeterapi och en effektiv behandling för att reducera PTSD-symptom över en varierad traumatiserad population. Terapeutperspektivet gällande behandling av patienter med förlossningstrauma (PTSD-FC) är sällsynt i forskningen. Övergripande syfte var att belysa KBT-terapeuters perspektiv av att arbeta med behandlingsmetoden PE vid PTSD-FC med frågeställningar som; Vad kan vara utmärkande med att behandla patienter med PTSD-FC? Vilka kliniska erfarenheter har terapeuterna av att tillämpa PE-manualen med aktuell patientgrupp? Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med åtta terapeuter. Bearbetning av data utgick från reflexiv tematisk analys. I resultatet genererades tre teman med subteman utifrån terapeuternas erfarenheter. ”Ett förlossningstrauma har vissa utmärkande drag”, ”Betydelsen av traumat”  samt ”PE-manualens möjligheter”. Terapeuterna ansåg att PE är en flexibel, hjälpsam och effektiv traumabehandling som fungerar väl med patientgruppen. Patienterna var vanligtvis motiverade och fullföljer terapin i hög grad. Tillgången till adekvat vård var god inom terapeuternas egna verksamheter medan en problematisk bild kom fram avseende andra vårdgivare. Utmaningar och möjligheter diskuteras angående det terapeutiska arbetet med patientgruppen. Kliniska implikationer som tas upp är till exempel behovet av ökade terapeutiska resurser inom kvinnosjukvården för adekvat bedömning och behandling vid PTSD-FC, där fördelen är samverkan mellan olika professioner. / Approximately 3% of women who have given birth, meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, and at least a third say they experienced childbirth as traumatic. Prolonged exposure (PE) is an evidence-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and an effective treatment for reducing PTSD symptoms across a diverse traumatized population. The therapists’ perspective regarding the treatment of patients’ with postpartum trauma (PTSD-FC) is rare in research. The overall aim was to highlight CBT therapists' perspectives of working with the treatment method PE at PTSD-FC with questions such as; What may be distinctive about treating patients’ with PTSD-FC? What clinical experience do therapists’ have of applying the PE manual with the current patient group? The study has a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with eight therapists’. Processing of the data was based on reflexive thematic analysis. In the results, based on the therapists' experiences, three themes with subthemes were generated. “A postpartum trauma has some distinguishing features”, “The meaning of the trauma” and “The possibilities of the PE manual”. The therapists’ considered PE to be a flexible, helpful, and effective trauma treatment that works well with the patient group. The patients’ were usually motivated and completed the therapy to a high degree. Access to adequate care was good within the therapists' own settings, while a problematic picture emerged regarding other caregivers. Challenges and opportunities are discussed regarding the therapeutic work with the patient group. Clinical implications addressed are for example the need for increased therapeutic resources in women's healthcare for adequate assessment and treatment for PTSD-FC, where the advantage is collaboration between different professions. / <p>Linköpings universitet | Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande Psykoterapeutexamensuppsats/magisteruppsats/uppsats på avancerad nivå, 15 hp | Psykoterapeutprogrammet (KBT) Höstterminen 2022 </p>

The lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ranges from 1 to 14 percent in the general population. Diagnosis is based on criteria that address hallmark symptoms of the disorder from re-experiencing the trauma to hyperarousal, emotional numbing, and avoidance of memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the event. PTSD is particularly prevalent in vulnerable populations and comorbid with substance use disorders, serious mental illness, or both. Psychological treatment options are more strongly recommended than pharmacological treatment by the American Psychological Association (APA); however, the efficacy of psychotherapy is less studied in vulnerable populations for fear that substance use or mental health outcomes will worsen. Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) are the most investigated forms of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in vulnerable populations and involve overcoming the trauma through repeated exposure for PE or processing with a clinician for CPT. A review of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated the effect of either form of CBT on non-combat PTSD, substance use disorder (SUD), and mental health outcomes found that PE administered alongside SUD treatment had the greatest positive impact on PTSD and SUD outcomes. PE also had a better impact than CPT on PTSD outcomes in individuals with PTSD and serious mental illness (SMI); however, neither form of CBT performed substantially better than the other with respect to mental health outcomes. In future studies, the impact of psychological treatments on PTSD and other health outcomes needs to be assessed on the same variables in larger populations of vulnerable individuals that are inclusive and representative of those receiving care for SUD and SMI in community health care settings.