國立政治大學英國語文學系碩士在職專班 碩士論文提要 論文名稱：對比修辭：高中學生英文寫作中介語言之研究 指導教授: 林啟一博士 研究生: 彭宜秝 論文提要內容: 學習者的語言，中介語言，已經被視為有它自己的規則的一個獨特的語言系統。本研究旨在探討學生英文寫作上的中介語言的結構及形成原因。 本研究蒐集了576篇高三學生模擬考英文作文，加以分析歸納出錯置的主詞和不良的虛主詞兩大類高中生中介語句型。這兩類句型正如銅板的兩面，凸顯了主題明顯的中文和主詞明顯的英文類型結構的對比，也證明學生在以英文表情達意時，不自覺的以中文主題明顯之架構為其中介語之基底結構，以致於表面上雖為主詞+動詞之英語句式卻仍有不知所云的困窘。本研究結果建議在英語教學上同時也應喚醒學生主題明顯的中文語言意識，並在生活上營造真正以英語為第二語言的情境，使學生能耳濡目染充分接觸英語，浸潤在主詞明顯的英語環境中，以利學生中介語更趨近目標語之發展。 / Abstract Learners’ language, interlanguage, has been recognized as a unique language system with rules of its own. The purpose of this study is to figure out the constructions and causes of senior high school students’ interlanguage (termed as SSIL) in their English compositions. Five hundred and seventy six compositions written by seniors in senior high schools in the Taipei area, were collected and analyzed in this study. Two major SSIL constructions were derived: Misused Subjects and Ill-formed Expletives. The two constructions are like the two sides of a coin manifesting the contrast between topic-prominent Chinese and subject-prominent English. Two major factors contribute to the construction of SSIL: topicalization and poor awareness of L1 structures. It is suggested that students’ language awareness of their native language, Chinese, should be aroused, and that the creation of a more English conscious environment in real life situation may facilitate the development of SSIL toward the target language, English. key words: interlanguage, topic-prominence, subject-prominence, topicalization, language awareness

The goal of this master's thesis is to perform strategic analysis and assessment of corporate strategy by using the system of Balanced Scorecard. The thesis itself consists of two parts. The first (theoretical) part describes mission, vision, strategy and the most common tools and methods for creating strategic analysis. This analysis contains external and internal analysis. The results are summarized in SWOT analysis, which is the baseline for creation of corporate strategy. The second (practical) part combines theoretical part and real data of analyzed company.

The purpose of this case study is to examine how talent management is applied in a university environment and how development in leadership skills for the participants of a project affects their willingness to stay at the university. This study also highlights the purpose of using a strategy like talent management to keep key people in the organization to stay and also that theories about talent management needs to be complete with theories about loyalty and commitment. This is done through examining the project Real-- Research and Leadership that the University of Umeå provided for 21 researchers and the first round of the project took part between 2015 and 2016. The purpose of this project is to work as a supporting instance for the researcher’s research career in an long term goal to get the young prominent researchers to stay and keep working at the University. To do so, ReaL, as the project is commonly called, offered the researchers a course with the possibility to develop their leadership abilities that would help them in their future research career. But also to introduce them to interdisciplinary contacts in an attempt to broaden their research network and to give them an increased general knowledge sharing. The data gathering for this study was partly done through surveys that were handed out to the participants at the last day of the course and by interviews with selected participants from the course. The quantitative results of the study show that the participants showed a positive feeling against the impact on the participant’s willingness to stay at the University of Umeå and that the support for their research careers and an enhance in their ability in communication and conflict management was highly contributed towards their willingness to stay at the university. ReaL as a support tool for the participants was also a highly contributed factor for their willingness to stay. The Qualitative results on the other hand shows a more complex situation. Even thou that the project had a positive impact, other external factors paid more contribution to the researcher’s willingness to stay then what the quantitative results shows. These factors were the layout of the city of Umeå, their family situation and their partner’s works situation.

Scholars have studied the Biblical Hebrew verbal system for an extended period of time. Over the last 150 years, scholarship on Biblical Hebrew grammar has been in transition. Historically, scholars observed the function of Hebrew verbs through the lens of traditional grammars. Currently, scholars are moving toward the study of Hebrew verbs through the application of complex linguistic methodologies. As a result of advancement and transition, the study of Biblical Hebrew grammar is convoluted. In 2012, John Cook and Jan Joosten each published their own understanding of the function of the Biblical Hebrew verbal system. Through the application of an aspect prominent method, Cook considers the Biblical Hebrew verbal system to primarily express aspect. Joosten approaches the Biblical Hebrew verbal system through the lens of relative tense theory and concludes that Biblical Hebrew is primarily a temporal and modal language. Each scholar establishes their interpretation of verbal function through an observation of the same texts, but each arrives at an opposing conclusion. In this thesis, I provide a review of each scholar's theory. Particular attention is given to the YIQTOL verbal form. Following an exhaustive review, I provide possible criteria that can be used to determine YIQTOL function in real instances in real texts. I take the criteria of each method and apply them to Pss 1-41 as a test case. I provide each method an opportunity to observe YIQTOL's function in Biblical Hebrew poetry. This study reveals that each method can effectively be applied to Biblical Hebrew poetry despite the fact that this genre of literature was the focus of either methodology. While each method is seen to be transferable between literary genres, I highlight instances where either theory could not explain YIQTOL's function. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This work deals with the life and work of historian, educator, and priest Josef Sakař. Josef Sakař is one of the most prominent Týn nad Vltavou natives. His monumental four-volume work, The History of the town Tyn nad Vltavou and the Surrounding Area, includes the building blocks of South Bohemian regional history. Even though the greater balance of the work was written in the 1930s, to this day it has not been surpassed. Pardubice, like Týn nad Vltavou, owes much to Josef Sakař. It is the city where he spent most of his productive years and where he worked as a secondary school teacher. He wrote his major works here, among them a six-volume history of Pardubice nad Labem. Josef Sakař's activity was more than merely regional: for his efforts to protect historical monuments he was appointed (as the only one of thirty candidates from across the country) an honorary member of the Club for Old Prague in 1925.This thesis analyzes and compares sources, and it determines the importance and value of key events, family ties, friends and personalities that influenced Josef Sakař's life. For 21st-century educators, the thesis looks for inspiration that can be taken from his life and works. The work focuses on Josef Sakař's relationships with relatives, his life's story and activities in Týn nad Vltavou and Pardubice. It is organized chronologically, from his birth to his death. The last part concerns itself with seeking traces of evidence of Josef Sakař in contemporary life. A separate section is devoted to an analysis of four of his key works. The work includes all biographical data and important life milestones of Josef Sakař and contains a complete bibliography.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josealvarogasques_tese (1).pdf: 475777 bytes, checksum: 596f8b3f62d5b000afd77aab0e98e39b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-05 / Objective: To appraise the psychosocial effects of otoplasty on children suffering from prominent ears. Casuistic and Method: A total of 15 male and 15 female patients were studied, with ages ranging from 6 to 14 years, clinical diagnosis of prominent ears and complaints related to the presence of this deformity. Pre-operative social competence and behavioral disturbance tests were applied to the children s guardians and teachers. Additionally, the inventory of anxiety trait-state for the child (Idate C) and the child depression inventory (CDI) were employed, as was a self-image study using drawings. Six months after corrective otoplasty by the Converse technique used by Tanzer, all the children were re-assessed. The statistical analysis was performed for pure scores in the descriptive phase using basic statistics, the mean, standard deviation, median and percentages. To compare the pre- and post-operative phases, the non-matched indication test of the median was used. Results: When the CBCL was applied to guardians, there were reductions in the anxiety and depression, aggressiveness and attention, thinking and social deficits. There were also improvements in both school and out-of-school activities. When the CBCL was applied to the teachers, reductions in anxiety and depression, aggressiveness, attention and social deficits, somatic complications and impulsiveness were observed. Improvements in academic performance, stable work, learning and happiness were also evidenced. Comparing the anxiety state assessed in the pre- and post-operative periods using Idate C, we observed that 18 had a reduction in anxiety in the post-operative period, 2 remained the same and 7 children had an increase. Comparing the anxiety traits of the children, we verified that in 8 the anxiety diminished, 14 had no changes and in 5 the anxiety trait increased in the post-operative period. Analysis using CDI demonstrated that all patients with moderate pre-operative depression suffered from mild depression after the surgery. In relation to the drawings in the pre- and post-operative periods, we noted that a new somatic image was formed, creating a new sensorial perception of the internal world and a better adaptation to the self and to others (relations, environments). The surgical technique used for the correction of protruding ears, otoplasty, is recognized and employed in several specialist services giving harmonious and satisfactory anatomical results in the post-operative period of all patients. / Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos psicossocias da otoplastia em crianças portadoras de orelhas proeminentes. Casuística e método: foram estudados 30 pacientes, 15 do sexo masculino e 15 do feminino, com idade entre 06 e 14 anos, com diagnóstico clínico de orelhas em abano, e queixas relativas à presença da deformidade. Utilizados no pré-operatório testes que avaliaram competência social e transtornos comportamentais - (CBCL) aplicado aos pais ou responsável e ao professor das crianças, aplicado o inventário de ansiedade traço-estado para criança (Idate C) e o inventário de depressão para crianças (CDI). Também utilizamos o estudo de auto-imagem, através de desenhos. após 6 meses da otoplastia, pela técnica de Converse aplicada por Tanzer, foram replicados os testes e colhidos os desenhos. A análise estatística foi efetuada para os escores puros, na fase descritiva por meio de estatísticas básicas: média, desvio padrão, mediana e percentuais. Para comparação das fases pré e pós-operatória, foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico do sinal para a mediana. Resultados: No CBCL aplicados aos pais ou responsável, houve diminuição da ansiedade e depressão, da agressividade, dos problemas de atenção, de pensamento e sociais; aumento nas atividades escolares e extra. No CBCL aplicado ao professo, observamos diminuição da ansiedade e depressão, da agressividade, dos problemas sociais e de atenção, nas compliacações somáticas e na impulsividade; aumento no desempenho acadêmico, trabalho firme, aprendizado e alegria. Aplicando Idate C: Comparando a ansiedade estado na fase pré com pós-operatória, verificamos que 18 diminuíram a evidência de ansiedade estado no pós-operatório, 2 permaneceram iguais e 7 crianças aumentaram. Comparando ansiedade traço na fase pré com pós-operatória: verificamos que 8 diminuíram a evidência de ansiedade traço no pós-operatório, 14 permaneceram semelhantes e 5 crianças aumentaram. O CDI mostrou um desaparecimento completo dos pacientes com depressão Nota de Resumo moderada no pós-operatório, transformando em depressão leve. Com relação aos desenhos no pré e pós-operatório, notamos que com uma nova imagem somática formada, criou-se uma nova percepção sensorial do mundo interno e uma melhor adequação ao self (eu) e ao outro (relações, ambientes). A técnica cirúrgica aplicada para a correção da orelha em abano é de conhecimento e aplicabilidade em vários serviços da especialidadem, trazendo-nos resultados anatômicos harmônicos e satisfatórios no pós-operatório de todos os pacientes.

本論文以優選理論探討上海話之入聲變調，試圖將文獻中所認為表現不規律之入聲變調納入與舒聲變調相容之分析中。本研究認為入聲變調與舒聲變調皆受制於ANCHOR-L(tσ1, Hd)，因此其首音節之基底聲調在輸出值中皆出現於重讀音節。以此觀之，則入聲變調與舒聲變調的差異主要在於節律重音的位置：在舒聲變調中首音節重讀；在入聲變調中重音則後移──在陰入變調中係移至第二音節，在陽入變調中則移至末音節。 本論文提出兩點假設：上海話中舒聲音節為重量音節，入聲音節為輕量音節；節律結構基本上為一位於左端之雙音節音步。據此，本研究提出COINCIDE (LightHd, FT-final)，認為陰入變調中重音所以後移至第二音節是因為重讀之輕量音節傾向於由音步末音節核可(licensing)。另一方面，由於陽入的單字調為曲拱調，與陰入的水平調有別，是以本研究另外提出COINCIDE(Contour, PrWd-final)，此制約顯示陽入變調中重音的遠距移位是為了遵行「曲拱調須由末音節核可」之普遍現象。 綜述之，本論文提供了一個重量音節、節律重音、曲拱調以及邊際位置等韻律顯著位置間彼此對映的實例。此外，本研究亦顯示上海話的連讀變調涉及聲調與重音的互動，是以所提出之分析或許對相關類型之研究亦有所貢獻。 / This thesis offers an Optimality-theory approach to the tone sandhi of checked tones (TSC) in Shanghai, in an attempt to regulate its surface patterns which have long been considered anomaly as opposed to the tone sandhi of smooth tones (TSS). With a reanalysis in the present study, TSC and TSS arguably have in common that their process of tone mapping is both subject to ANCHOR-L(tσ1, Hd), by which the un- derlying tone of the initial syllable ends up at the stressed syllable in the output. It follows that TSC is different from TSS in the way that metrical head is assigned: all domains undergoing TSS are stressed on their initial syllable; only in domains of TSC does the stress move rightwards, either to the second place in the tone sandhi of Yinru (TSYI), or to the final syllable in the tone sandhi of Yangru (TSYA). Given the assumption that checked syllables and smooth syllables in Shanghai are light and heavy, respectively, in terms of moraicity, and that foot-parsing is binary and left-aligned in general, the one-syllable shift of stress in TSYI can be accounted for by positing COINCIDE(LightHd, FT-final), which sets up the preference for light stress- bearing syllables to be licensed foot-finally. On the other hand, given that Yangru in the citation forms represents a rising contour, different from the level tone of Yinru, a licensing constraint, namely COINCIDE(Contour, PrWd-final), is further posited so that the long-distance movement of metrical head observed in TSYA emerges to satisfy the requirement for the retained rising contour to be licensed word-finally. Taken together, this thesis instantiates a remarkable case of the mapping among multiple prominent positions, including heavy syllables, metrical head, contour tones, and edge positions. Also, the present analysis demonstrates that Shanghai tone sandhi involves an interaction between tone and stress, thus a contribution to the general OT tone-prominence typology literature (cf. Zhang 2001, Barnes 2002, De Lacy 2002).

Durant les situations de crise, telles que les catastrophes, le besoin de recherche d’informations (RI) pertinentes partagées dans les microblogs en temps réel est inévitable. Cependant, le grand volume et la variété des flux d’informations partagées en temps réel dans de telles situations compliquent cette tâche. Contrairement aux approches existantes de RI basées sur l’analyse du contenu, nous proposons de nous attaquer à ce problème en nous basant sur les approches centrées utilisateurs tout en levant un certain nombre de verrous méthodologiques et technologiques inhérents : 1) à la collection des données partagées par les utilisateurs à évaluer, 2) à la modélisation de leurs comportements, 3) à l’analyse des comportements, et 4) à la prédiction et le suivi des utilisateurs primordiaux en temps réel. Dans ce contexte, nous détaillons les approches proposées dans cette thèse afin de prédire les utilisateurs primordiaux qui sont susceptibles de partager les informations pertinentes et exclusives ciblées et de permettre aux intervenants d’urgence d’accéder aux informations requises quel que soit le format (i.e. texte, image, vidéo, lien hypertexte) et en temps réel. Ces approches sont centrées sur trois principaux aspects. Nous avons tout d’abord étudié l’efficacité de différentes catégories de mesures issues de la littérature et proposées dans cette thèse pour représenter le comportement des utilisateurs. En nous basant sur les mesures pertinentes résultant de cette étude, nous concevons des nouvelles caractéristiques permettant de mettre en évidence la qualité des informations partagées par les utilisateurs selon leurs comportements. Le deuxième aspect consiste à proposer une approche de modélisation du comportement de chaque utilisateur en nous basant sur les critères suivants : 1) la modélisation des utilisateurs selon l’évolution de l’évènement, 2) la modélisation de l’évolution des activités des utilisateurs au fil du temps à travers une représentation sensible au temps, 3) la sélection des caractéristiques les plus discriminantes pour chaque phase de l’évènement. En se basant sur cette approche de modélisation, nous entraînons différents modèles de prédiction qui apprennent à différencier les comportements des utilisateurs primordiaux de ceux qui ne le sont pas durant les situations de crise. Les algorithmes SVM et MOG-HMMs ont été utilisés durant la phase d’apprentissage. La pertinence et l’efficacité des modèles de prédiction appris ont été validées à l’aide des données collectées par notre système multi-agents MASIR durant deux inondations qui ont eu lieu en France et des vérités terrain appropriées à ces collections. / During crisis events such as disasters, the need of real-time information retrieval (IR) from microblogs remains inevitable. However, the huge amount and the variety of the shared information in real time during such events over-complicate this task. Unlike existing IR approaches based on content analysis, we propose to tackle this problem by using user-centricIR approaches with solving the wide spectrum of methodological and technological barriers inherent to : 1) the collection of the evaluated users data, 2) the modeling of user behavior, 3) the analysis of user behavior, and 4) the prediction and tracking of prominent users in real time. In this context, we detail the different proposed approaches in this dissertation leading to the prediction of prominent users who are susceptible to share the targeted relevant and exclusive information on one hand and enabling emergency responders to have a real-time access to the required information in all formats (i.e. text, image, video, links) on the other hand. These approaches focus on three key aspects of prominent users identification. Firstly, we have studied the efficiency of state-of-the-art and new proposed raw features for characterizing user behavior during crisis events. Based on the selected features, we have designed several engineered features qualifying user activities by considering both their on-topic and off-topic shared information. Secondly, we have proposed a phase-aware user modeling approach taking into account the user behavior change according to the event evolution over time. This user modeling approach comprises the following new novel aspects (1) Modeling microblog users behavior evolution by considering the different event phases (2) Characterizing users activity over time through a temporal sequence representation (3) Time-series-based selection of the most discriminative features characterizing users at each event phase. Thirdly, based on this proposed user modeling approach, we train various prediction models to learn to differentiate between prominent and non-prominent users behavior during crisis event. The learning task has been performed using SVM and MoG-HMMs supervised machine learning algorithms. The efficiency and efficacy of these prediction models have been validated thanks to the data collections extracted by our multi-agents system MASIR during two flooding events who have occured in France and the different ground-truths related to these collections.

Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode. / Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.