The law has yet to catch up adequately with conventional aviation. This lag is nowhere more noticeable than in the field of criminal law and criminal jurisdiction as applied to civil aircraft1. Crimes that are committed on board the aircraft will include crimes like assault, theft and unruly behaviour2. A common dominator amongst these crimes is that the rules dealing with jurisdiction pose a significant source of controversy. Early expressions of the criminal conduct in international flights exposed lacunae in air law, which international lawyers are struggling to fill3. Because of this lacuna, as familiar problems present themselves in changing ways, therefore there is a need for a regime governing crimes in the air to be continuously reassessed and developed. In the last years, it became apparent that no rules exist for misbehaviour on board the aircraft in flight4, rules governing the exercise of jurisdiction over common crimes in airspace and on board the aircraft are sophisticated and unsettled / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

Doctor Legum - LLD / This study analyzed the investigation and prosecution of corruption in Uganda. The study assessed the phenomena of corruption and how it can create an unjust society. It also examined the legal framework governing the investigation and prosecution of corruption in Uganda. The study thereafter discussed the institutional framework governing the investigation and prosecution of corruption in Uganda and its limitations. It further appraised the legal framework governing the private prosecution in Uganda. It also dealt with the possibility of using private prosecutions to fight corruption, where public institutions charged with the duty are weak or have been compromised by an undemocratic environment within which they are situated.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa’s main anti-money laundering legislation consists of 2 pieces of legislation, namely: The Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA)1 and the Prevention of Organised Crime Act (POCA).2 Money Laundering is often defined as the concealment of funds or property which has been obtained as the result of unlawful activity. It is also defined as giving the unlawfully obtained funds the appearance of legality when in actuality the funds or property is obtained unlawfully. POCA defines unlawful activity which includes any criminal offence in South African law, whether it has occurred in South Africa or elsewhere.3 Any person who has the knowledge of the aforementioned money laundering act or ought to have the knowledge may be guilty of an offence.

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The presented diploma thesis focuses on the parliamentary immunity of Deputies and Senators in the Czech Republic and consists of two not explicitly titled parts. The first one deals with the genesis of the concept of immunity; the historical course describes the origin of the concept that goes back to the 13th century. Immunity might have been described as protection given by an English monarch towards Representatives; it gradually changed in privileged status recognition of a newly emerging institution, nowadays called Parliament. This excursion back into the 800 year history is supposed to help us understand the basic idea that the immunity of deputies or senators serves as an instrument of protection of a legislative body, or rather the Parliament of the Czech Republic. As for the immunity of deputies (senators) in the Czech Republic, relevant chapters deal with the first attempts to create functional constitutions at the end of the 19th century when Bohemia was part of the Austrian empire. Significant space is dedicated to the 1920 Constitutional Act, which may be considered as a crucial document for today's concept of the immunity of deputies and senators in the Czech Republic. Finally, the first part includes also chapters dealing with later constitutions from 1948 and 1960. The second part...

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Teorijos bei praktikos analizė leido pažvelgti į kaltinimo formų pakeitimą probleminiu aspektu. Teisės doktrinoje kaltinimo formų pakeitimo baudžiamajame procese problemos nekeliamos, tačiau tiek praktinė medžiaga, tiek patys praktikai išduoda, jog šiai temai turėtų būti skiriamas dėmesys – pirmiausiai iškeliant problemas į dienos šviesą, o po to jas sprendžiant. Praverstų tiek šiuo metu galiojančių teisės normų, susijusių su privačiai viešo ir ypač su privataus kaltinimo institutais, peržiūrėjimas, detalesnis reglamentavimas ar bent jau išaiškinimas, tiek bandymas formuoti kitokią praktiką. Šiame darbe analizuojamos Lietuvos, Vokietijos, Norvegijos bei Rusijos baudžiamuosiuose procesuose įtvirtintos kaltinimo formos. Detaliai aptariami jų požymiai bei sąlygos, leidžiančios vieną kaltinimo formą pakeisti kita. Tokia teorinė analizė atveda prie praktinių problemų, kurios apribojamos Lietuvos baudžiamuoju procesu. Daug dėmesio skiriama „visuomeninio intereso“ neapibrėžtumui bei formuluotės „dėl svarbių priežasčių negali ginti teisėtų savo interesų“ traktavimui, svarstomas privačiai viešo bei privataus kaltinimo veikų tinkamumas ir vertinamas nuoseklus baudžiamojo proceso vykdymas dviem kaltinimo formomis. / Theory and practice‘s analysis let aproach to a change of prosecution form in a problematic aspect. In the law doctrine the problems of a change of a prosecution form are not imposed, but as a practical matter, both issued by practitioners themselves, that this topic should focus on - primarily by bringing problems to light, and then solving them. Useful for both the current law relating to private public and especially the private prosecution institutions review, more detailed regulation, or at least the interpretation, and attempt to shape a different practice. This work examines Lithuanian, German, Norwegian and Russian prosecution forms enshrined in criminal proceeding. Discussed in detail the characteristics and conditions for a change of prosecution form. This theoretical analysis leads to practical problems that are limited by the Lithuanian criminal proceeding. Much attention is paid to an uncertainty of "public interest" and treatment of "unability to defend one‘s legitimate interests for valid reasons". Public private and private prosecution acts are under consideration and the appropriateness of criminal proceeding in two prosecution forms consistently is assessed.

Background: Due to the increase of crime in South Africa and the overcrowding of correctional facilities, there has been increasing pressure on courts to find and implement alternatives to imprisonment. In this regard, the so-called "desirability of prosecution" reports and diversion for youths is in general use throughout the country. A new trend is, however, an increase in requests of "desirability of prosecution" reports for adults by some courts, while others are still unaware of their potential use and its accompanying diversion for adults. This state of affairs has caused some uncertainty amongst probation officers regarding what precisely is expected of this type of investigations and the reports that must be presented to the courts. Objective: The primary aim of the study was to determine the nature and required content of the so-called "desirability of prosecution" report for adults. Method: The empirical research focused on magistrates' and control prosecutors' expectations regarding the particular type of report. It utilised a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods and involved three magistrates and seven control prosecutors from three different towns in three different provinces in central South Africa. Results: From the questionnaires and interviews it, first of all, became clear that not all the respondents were aware of the fact that the so-called "desirability of prosecution" reports and accompanying diversion can also be used for adults. It, secondly, showed that the vast majority of respondents viewed it as a mechanism that showed great promise and that it has already been utilised with some success by some courts. The study also produced a variety of guideline for the compilation of such reports. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis advisor: Thomas O'Hare / Domestic violence is a widespread social problem impacting an estimated 6.2 million women in the United States each year (Department of Justice, 2008). The purpose of this study was to determine the existence, prevalence, and degree of disparity in prosecution and sentencing based on domestic violence status, victim-offender characteristics, and victim-offender relationship. The study specifically looked at cases of assault and battery, which is the most prevalent type of offense in domestic violence (Buzawa, Buzawa, and Stark, 2012; Payne & Wermeling, 2009). This study utilized simple random sampling, involved an archival analysis of court records, and examined a ten-year period (2000-2010) at Salem District Court in Essex County, Massachusetts. This investigation found that the likelihood of a case not being prosecuted was affected by whether or not it was a domestic violence incident. Fifty-five percent of domestic violence cases resulted in dismissal, while only 45% of the non-domestic violence cases were dismissed. If prosecuted, 84% of domestic violence cases resulted in a suspended sentence, while only 21% of the non-domestic violence cases that were charged resulted in a suspended sentence. The results also showed that the degree of social closeness between a victim and offender influences the likelihood that a case will be prosecuted. For instance, an offender who assaults a family member or an acquaintance is more likely to be prosecuted than one who assaults an intimate partner. In addition, among prosecuted cases, domestic violence offenses resulted in shorter sentences and less severe sanctions relative to other offenses. The most significant implication of this study is that domestic violence victims continue to receive unequal treatment by the criminal justice system. Policy makers and those in the advocacy field can utilize this information to improve the prosecutorial and judicial response to domestic violence and to better guide victims through the judicial process. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work. / Discipline: Social Work.

Submitted by FERNANDA DE CASTRO NAKAMURA null (jkr.nanda@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-06T18:10:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 896591 bytes, checksum: c674cad38f560727036c1313e3d8f742 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-10T16:28:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nakamura_fc_me_fran.pdf: 896591 bytes, checksum: c674cad38f560727036c1313e3d8f742 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T16:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nakamura_fc_me_fran.pdf: 896591 bytes, checksum: c674cad38f560727036c1313e3d8f742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Este trabalho tem como foco a análise da atuação do Ministério Público no âmbito do processo de judicialização da saúde na região de Ribeirão Preto. A pesquisa toma como referência o tema da Repercussão Geral nº262 no STF, que trata sobre a propositura de ações civis públicas em benefício de um grupo de pessoas com determinadas doenças. O objetivo é, portanto, a análise da dinâmica da judicialização da saúde por meio da atuação do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, do processo de expansão da Instituição e da sua inserção na esfera da política pública de fornecimento gratuito de medicamentos. Para tanto, a sua realização se deu mediante levantamento bibliográfico, com a utilização de fontes que tratam sobre temas relacionados à judicialização da saúde e à atuação do Poder Judiciário e Instituições paralelas nas políticas públicas. Do mesmo modo, foi realizada uma investigação sobre os pedidos realizados nas ações civis públicas visando o fornecimento de medicamentos propostas pelo Ministério Público de São Paulo nos anos de 2010 e 2011 na região de Ribeirão Preto. A pesquisa teve, ainda, como papel complementar a análise e comparação da Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais e da Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais do Estado de São Paulo, com os dados coletados nas ações civis públicas, o que permitiu aferir que a judicialização influencia de maneira virtual na reorganização das listas de medicamentos federal e estadual dos anos posteriores aos do recorte temporal da pesquisa. Em conclusão, chegou-se à delimitação de alguns parâmetros que se perfazem na adoção de critérios que atendam as necessidades regionais, por meio de um estudo epidemiológico a ser feito pelo Poder Público, bem como, da eventual elaboração de uma política específica para os insumos, com a utilização dos dados obtidos pela judicialização; o que, consequentemente, acarretaria em uma economia de recursos materiais e institucionais tanto para o Poder Judiciário e Ministério Público como para os entes federativos, por conta da readequação do sistema de fornecimento gratuito de medicamentos. / This work focuses on the analysis of the role of the Public Prosecutor within the process of judicialisation of health in the region of Ribeirão Preto. The research take as reference the issue of the general repercussion nº262 on Brazilian´s Supreme Court, which deals on the filing of public civil actions on behalf of a group of people with certain diseases. The objective is, therefore, the analysis of the dynamics of the judicialisation of health through the perfomance of the São Paulo State Prosecutor's Office, the expansion process of the Institution and its insertion in the sphere of the public policies of free supply of medicines. For this purpose, its realization took place through bibliographical research, with the use of sources that deal on issues related to health litigation and the role of the Judiciary and parallel institutions in public policies. In the same way, it was performed a research on the requests made in public civil actions aiming at the provision of drugs proposed by the São Paulo State Prosecutor's Office in 2010 and 2011 in the region of Ribeirão Preto. The research had as additional role the analysis and comparison of the National List of the Essential Drugs and the list of essential medicines of the State of São Paulo, with data collected in the public civil actions, which has allowed the measurement, in a virtual way, of the judicialisation influences in the reorganization of the lists of medicines, in federal and state governments, of the later years of the temporal cut of the search. In conclusion, some parameters, that are related to the adoption of criteria that meet regional needs, through an epidemiological study to be done by Public Power, as well as, the eventual elaboration of a specific policy for inputs, with the use of the data obtained by judicialisation, were delimited; which, consequently, could result in a saving of material and institutional resources, for the Judiciary Branch, Public Prosecution, and federal entities, because of the revision of the system of free supply of medicines.