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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-206).

Privataus kaltinimo procesas yra įtvirtintas daugumos valstybių baudžiamojo proceso teisės sistemose. Pagrindinė šio proceso formos ypatybė –nukentėjusysis yra svarbiausia figūra baudžiamajame procese, nuo kurio valios ir veiklos priklauso visa bylos nagrinėjimo eiga ir rezultatas. Šio baudžiamojo proceso formos įtvirtinimo baudžiamojo proceso įstatyme tikslas- užtikrinti nuo nusikaltimo nukentėjusiojo asmens efektyvią teisių ir interesų apsaugą, plėsti nukentėjusiojo kaip baudžiamojo proceso subjekto teises, stiprinti jo statusą baudžiamajame procese. Tačiau privataus kaltinimo bylų nagrinėjimo pirmosios instancijos teismuose praktika rodo, kad teisingumo įgyvendinimas šia baudžiamojo proceso forma susidūrė su sunkumais, kurių vienas – įrodinėjimo veikla. Šiame darbe analizuojamas įrodinėjimo procesas privataus kaltinimo bylose, siekiant nustatyti įrodinėjimo ypatumus ir išskirti problemas, su kuriomis susiduria privatus kaltintojas, atlikdamas kaltinimo funkciją. Šiuo tikslu buvo ištirtos 154 Vilniaus m. 3 apylinkės teismo 2005 -2007 m. privataus kaltinimo tvarka išnagrinėtos baudžiamosios bylos. Pirmoje darbo dalyje analizuojama privataus kaltinimo instituto teorinė koncepcija, jo raida, reglamentavimas Lietuvos ir užsienio baudžiamojo proceso įstatymuose, išskiriami pagrindiniai privataus kaltinimo bruožai, galintys turėti įtakos įrodinėjimo procesui privataus kaltinimo bylose. Antroje darbo dalyje išskiriami įrodinėjimo ypatumai, kurie išryškėjo privataus kaltinimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Private prosecution proceedings are included in criminal proceeding law systems of many states. The key peculiarity of this form of proceedings: the aggrieved party is the key actor of the criminal proceedings, so the run and the results of the examination of the case depend on the will and the activities of the said party. The purpose of the said form of criminal proceedings – to ensure an affective protection of rights and interests of the aggrieved person, to extend the rights of an aggrieved person as a subject of criminal proceedings, to strengthen its status in criminal proceedings. However, the practice of investigation of private prosecution proceedings at courts of first instance shows that implementation of justice by this form of criminal proceedings comes into collision with difficulties – the averment-related activities. In the Paper, the process of averment in private prosecution case is analyzed striving to establish the peculiarities of the averment and to single out the problems met by a private prosecutor while executing the indictment function. For this purpose, 154 criminal cases investigated by Vilnius Circuit Court No. 3 in the years 2005-2007 according to the procedure of private prosecution were examined. In the Part One, the theoretical conception of the institute of private prosecution, its evolution and regulation in Lithuanian and foreign laws on criminal proceedings are analyzed; the key properties of private prosecution that can impact the... [to full text]

This thesis aimed to understand the factors which shape the police and CPS response to domestic violence in the light of recent policy changes which recommended arrest in such cases. The decisions made by victims, police and prosecutors were charted in over one thousand three hundred reported cases of domestic violence in the Thames Valley during a seven month period in 1993. A random sample of 387 of these incidents were examined in detail. The study sought to understand the needs, desires and expectations of victims and how their choices impacted on the decisions made by police and prosecutors. Having evaluated feminist theories, the thesis argues that police and prosecutors do not randomly exercise their discretion nor can their response be explained by reference to cultural or individual prejudices. Rather, their decisions are best understood in terms of a set of informal 'working rules' developed by police and prosecutors for dealing with these complex and difficult cases. It is shown that whilst evidence of an offence was highly correlated with decisions regarding arrest and prosecution, evidence did not determine police action nor did its absence preclude such action. Rather, evidence facilitated police action where the working rules pointed towards an arrest. One of the strongest working rules related to the willingness of the victim to support a prosecution or not. The majority of victims did not want their partners or ex-partners to be prosecuted even when they had requested that the police arrest the perpetrators. Police and prosecutors believe the criminal justice system to be an extremely clumsy tool in dealing with domestic disputes. They therefore did not pursue independent evidence when victims withdrew their statements and they consequently discontinued these cases or did not initiate prosecution in the first place. Previous research has started from the premise that withdrawal of complaints by victims and the discontinuance of cases represents some kind of failure on the part of the agencies involved and that this would be remedied if the police arrested and prosecuted wherever possible. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that the criminal justice system as it presently operates is capable of responding effectively to the needs of victims of domestic violence. This thesis throws some doubt on the validity of these assumptions.

The prosecutorial standard for incitement is subject to different approaches in the common law and civil law traditions respectively. The most crucial difference lies in the role attributed to the result as a definitional element of the offence. While the civil law generally characterizes proof of results as a prerequisite to liability, the common law views it as significant but not determinative of guilt. This divergence is expounded at the international level, which condones both approaches with respect to different crimes, employing the common law approach only to genocide and relegating all other crimes to the purview of the civil law approach. The practical effect is a focus on the gravity of the substantive crime to which incitement attaches, rather than on the crucial role of incitement itself. This thesis will seek to elucidate the parameters of this debate with the aim of deconstructing and redrawing preconceived barriers in international criminal law.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat, Göttingen, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-317).

Thesis (LL.M.). / Written for the Faculty of Law. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/09/04). Includes bibliographical references.

No mundo todo, a importância da defesa das relações de consumo vem obtendo crescimento deveras significativo ao longo dos tempos, juntamente com a evolução das sociedades. No Brasil, vários motivos podem ser apontados para explicar tal fato, sendo que dentre os principais destacam-se os mais recentes, quais sejam: as mudanças nas relações de comércio, com a conscientização de consumidores e fornecedores de bens e serviços acerca de seus direitos e obrigações; a modernização e o aparelhamento dos órgãos estatais com atuação específica na defesa do consumidor (PROCONs, Ministério Público Federal e Estadual, Conselho Nacional de Defesa do Consumidor do Ministério da Justiça); o surgimento de várias instituições não governamentais (ONGs) de defesa do consumidor, criados pela sociedade civil organizada; a entrada em vigor de legislação específica, o Código de Defesa do Consumidor através da lei nº 8.078/90. Uma instituição como o Ministério Público, defensor da sociedade por definição, e mormente após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, teve ampliada sobremaneira sua incumbência e responsabilidade na defesa dos interesses da população consumidora em suas relações. Desse modo, a presente dissertação propõe-se a descrever e analisar as relações de consumo, tanto no Brasil quanto em outros centros capitalistas desenvolvidos, como os Estados Unidos da América e países da União Europeia. Será relatada e analisada, ainda, a maneira como o Ministério Público Federal executa sua missão constitucional, com a apresentação de alguns casos reais, concretos, que versam sobre a atuação do órgão ministerial na defesa dos consumidores, das comunidades e da ordem econômica. / All over the world, the importance of the defense in the consumption relations has gained a very signficant growth over time, along with the evolutions of societies. In Brazil, several reasons can be pointed to explain this fact, and among the main stand out the most recent, namely: the changes in trade relations, with the awareness of consumers and providers of goods and services about their rights and obligations; modernization and equipment of state agencies with specific actions in consumer protection (PROCONs, Federal Public Prosecution Service, the National Council of Consumer Affairs Ministry of Justice); the emergence of several non-governmental institutions (NGOs) in consumer defense, raised by civil society organization; the entry into force of specific legislation, the Consumer Protection Code by Law No. 8.078/90. An institution as the Public Prosecution Service, defender of society by definition, and especially after the promulgation of the Constitution of 1988, had greatly extended its mandate and responsibility in defending the interests of consumers in their relations. Thus, this paper proposes to describe and analyze the relations of consumption, both in Brazil and in other developed capitalist centers, such as the United States of America and European Union countries. It will be reported and analyzed, furthermore, how the Federal Public Prosecution Service performs its constitutional mission, with the presentation of some real cases, specific, which focus on the performance of ministerial body in protecting consumers, communities and economic order.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T13:07:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora Neto.pdf: 53173 bytes, checksum: 517ff122154b6fdac9bf01fcc5019fd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:21:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora Neto.pdf: 53173 bytes, checksum: 517ff122154b6fdac9bf01fcc5019fd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora Neto.pdf: 53173 bytes, checksum: 517ff122154b6fdac9bf01fcc5019fd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este estudo propõe-se a enfrentar os difíceis contornos para a resolução antecipada do mérito no processo penal indagando sobre a compatibilidade entre o princípio da adequação e a análise do processo como ferramenta para a solução de conflitos e preservação de garantias fundamentais em favor da boa administração da justiça. Para dar sustentação a esses objetivos serão estudados os princípios que vão nortear a abreviação da resolução do mérito e a tensão existente entre a razoável duração do processo e a qualidade do provimento jurisdicional que se espera sem descurar do devido processo legal da pretensão de instrumentalidade e da preservação da dignidade da pessoa humana. Com esse propósito serão identificadas as decisões que abreviam o mérito em caráter definitivo aptas à coisa julgada material e que devem ser enquadradas no conceito de resolução antecipada. Nessa linha será feito o devido aparte entre os propósitos e a pertinência da solução do mérito que evite a responsabilidade criminal e aquele de natureza sancionatória com a nota distintiva da disciplina da justiça consensual e a analogia ao julgamento antecipado existente no processo civil. / Salvador

This master thesis concerns itself with the alternative procedural measure, the institute of conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution and some of its relating issues. Conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is a type of diversion. It is employed by public prosecutors, or courts, to suspend the further criminal prosecution of those who are accused of committing less serious criminal offence. This is carried on the condition that the accused individual is presented with the opportunity to observe the behavioural rules of proper life throughout the probationary period. Should there be proof of the individual's observation of the rules, the decision regarding his/her case becomes final. However, should the accused fail to observe such rules during the probationary period, then the public prosecutor, or the court, for that matter, rule in favour of furthering his/her prosecution (albeit this rarely takes place in practice). Conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is a type of diversion designed to reduce the burden on law enforcement authorities. It is based on the idea of restorative justice with an emphasis on the victim and his/her interests. The primary objective is to bring the accused to the victim and compensate the damages. Before the ruling, it is not necessary...