This study was initiated to evaluate the level of integration between infrastructure- and spatial planning at local government level in South Africa. Municipalities have been given a constitutional obligation to provide their communities with effective and efficient municipal services. Most if not all of these municipal services require adequate infrastructure to be delivered in a sustainable manner. In addition, infrastructure has been identified as being an enabler of economic growth and development by providing a foundation on which economic and social interaction can occur. The planning of infrastructure is therefore of absolute importance. Additionally, ‗Green Infrastructure‘1 has increasingly been viewed as a means to create sustainable human settlements with numerous benefits. Unfortunately, it seems that the important task of infrastructure planning has not been receiving the necessary attention at municipal level especially in rural municipalities. This has resulted in both over and under provision of infrastructure in certain areas. As physical infrastructure lays down influential structural elements that can last for centuries, it is proposed that infrastructure be planned in conjunction with strategic spatial planning in a structured manner. This research will determine the feasibility of such integration at municipal level by scrutinising the existing spatial planning system on local government level while considering the infrastructure planning system. The spatial planning system in South Africa has undergone several paradigm shifts over the past number of decades; altering from a master planning approach that was too rigid to adapt to any sudden form of change, to a more conceptual approach drawing on abstract elements such as nodes and corridors. The South African Presidency has commissioned at least two departments with the task of integrated infrastructure planning on a national level. The first is the National Planning Commission (NPC), and the second is the Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME). The former develops long term integrated development plans for all sectors including infrastructure and produced the National Development Plan (NDP) as a long-term vision for South Africa up to 2030, while the latter is dedicated to the advancement of economic infrastructure. Although the focus of this study is on local government level, cognisance must be taken of national and provincial government policy and guidelines. The practice of spatial planning in South Africa is done on three levels of government as set out in the Constitution (Act 108 of 1996); national, provincial and local. Spatial planning on a local level is additionally subject to various other forms of policy and legislation including the Municipal Systems Act (No 32 of 2000) which instructs local government to undertake integrated development planning for their area of jurisdiction. This function involves the creation of an Integrated Development Plan (IDP), which must link, integrate and co-ordinate plans from all sectors within the municipality. Such IDP must additionally include a Spatial Development Framework (SDF) which must give form to the long term spatial vision of the IDP. Infrastructure planning on a local level is subject to various institutional arrangements that are aimed to facilitate the large number of role players involved such as service authorities and service providers amongst others. Municipal infrastructure is therefore divided into different categories relating to the scale and function thereof. Firstly, municipal infrastructure is divided into civil and electrical infrastructure where the former consists of roads, water and sanitation infrastructure amongst others and the latter consists of infrastructure concerned with facilitating electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Civil infrastructure can additionally be divided into bulk, connector and internal infrastructure where bulk is larger in scale and normally situated outside formal urbanised areas, leading down to internal infrastructure which is designed to serve individual properties. The division in electrical infrastructure is normally only made between bulk and reticulation, where the latter includes both internal and connector infrastructure. As in the case with conventional infrastructure, green infrastructure is made up of a large variety of different elements and is practiced on various scales. These scales distinguish between the ownership and responsibility of such green infrastructure. The appropriate level of involvement of local government in green infrastructure practices is fairly uncertain as many municipalities do not make provision for green infrastructure in their development plans. This study makes several proposals on how to incorporate both conventional and green infrastructure into strategic plans. Such proposals include but are not limited to the introduction of an administrative framework aimed at intergovernmental co-operation, the introduction of lower-order spatial plans as well as the introduction of a multi-disciplinary planning team. / MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The present study focuses on the application of electronic governance (e-governance) or implementation of ICTs by governments. This topic has been a worldwide focus for several years to date. This study has unpacked and analysed various contrasting views on the use of ICTs in promoting e-governance. In some quarters there is criticism about challenges and problems which include: lack of in-depth training of public personnel; the particular need to skill public managers in the use of ICTs; the development of training models for ICT/e-governance for public managers in order to improve the services rendered by governments. On the same note, some criticisms have been highlighted on insufficient alignment between governments and legislations governing the use of ICTs. The lack of adequately trained public managers in ICTs has also become a critical factor in African countries, including South Africa and its provinces. This study works toward constructing a training model in e-governance for the selected Free State provincial departments. The aim was especially to empower public managers in order for them to participate effectively in e-governance applications and implementations and thereby fulfil the mandate of the South African legislation governing the use of ICT in Government. This study will start off with an orientation of the problem statement, as well as the goal and objectives as outlined in Chapter 1. The process of developing the e-governance training model will be aligned in Chapter 2 with training principles and theoretical underpinnings as perceived by various theorists who advocate management training. This implies that managers should be trained in interactions between levels and units of analytical skills in a work place. Furthermore, the study will focus in Chapter 2 on the legislation that governs the training of public managers in South Africa. This legislation applies as a legal framework that guides the use of ICTs in government. This discussion will be followed by an examination (in Chapter 3) of the worldwide practices and models on the use of e-governance and ICTs. A selected number of these global e-governance practices and models in chapter 3 will be incorporated (in Chapter 4) into a workable, drafted e-governance training model for the selected Free State provincial departments, while the basic elements of managerial training and model development will be discussed as well. The process of model development will be discussed in Chapter 4 based on the overarching principles such development. The exposition will focus on the concentric layers as macro-, meso- and micro- levels of model development. This will be followed by the processing in Chapter 5 of the empirical findings obtained from the data analysis on training in e-governance. This analysis will be a prelude to the development in Chapter 6 of a comprehensive, operational e-governance training model for Free State provincial public managers. The final, comprehensive e-governance training model will be presented in Chapter 6, after refining the drafted training model from Chapter 4, when the data will be collected, analysed and interpreted in Chapter 5. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This study was initiated to evaluate the level of integration between infrastructure- and spatial planning at local government level in South Africa. Municipalities have been given a constitutional obligation to provide their communities with effective and efficient municipal services. Most if not all of these municipal services require adequate infrastructure to be delivered in a sustainable manner. In addition, infrastructure has been identified as being an enabler of economic growth and development by providing a foundation on which economic and social interaction can occur. The planning of infrastructure is therefore of absolute importance. Additionally, ‗Green Infrastructure‘1 has increasingly been viewed as a means to create sustainable human settlements with numerous benefits. Unfortunately, it seems that the important task of infrastructure planning has not been receiving the necessary attention at municipal level especially in rural municipalities. This has resulted in both over and under provision of infrastructure in certain areas. As physical infrastructure lays down influential structural elements that can last for centuries, it is proposed that infrastructure be planned in conjunction with strategic spatial planning in a structured manner. This research will determine the feasibility of such integration at municipal level by scrutinising the existing spatial planning system on local government level while considering the infrastructure planning system. The spatial planning system in South Africa has undergone several paradigm shifts over the past number of decades; altering from a master planning approach that was too rigid to adapt to any sudden form of change, to a more conceptual approach drawing on abstract elements such as nodes and corridors. The South African Presidency has commissioned at least two departments with the task of integrated infrastructure planning on a national level. The first is the National Planning Commission (NPC), and the second is the Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME). The former develops long term integrated development plans for all sectors including infrastructure and produced the National Development Plan (NDP) as a long-term vision for South Africa up to 2030, while the latter is dedicated to the advancement of economic infrastructure. Although the focus of this study is on local government level, cognisance must be taken of national and provincial government policy and guidelines. The practice of spatial planning in South Africa is done on three levels of government as set out in the Constitution (Act 108 of 1996); national, provincial and local. Spatial planning on a local level is additionally subject to various other forms of policy and legislation including the Municipal Systems Act (No 32 of 2000) which instructs local government to undertake integrated development planning for their area of jurisdiction. This function involves the creation of an Integrated Development Plan (IDP), which must link, integrate and co-ordinate plans from all sectors within the municipality. Such IDP must additionally include a Spatial Development Framework (SDF) which must give form to the long term spatial vision of the IDP. Infrastructure planning on a local level is subject to various institutional arrangements that are aimed to facilitate the large number of role players involved such as service authorities and service providers amongst others. Municipal infrastructure is therefore divided into different categories relating to the scale and function thereof. Firstly, municipal infrastructure is divided into civil and electrical infrastructure where the former consists of roads, water and sanitation infrastructure amongst others and the latter consists of infrastructure concerned with facilitating electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Civil infrastructure can additionally be divided into bulk, connector and internal infrastructure where bulk is larger in scale and normally situated outside formal urbanised areas, leading down to internal infrastructure which is designed to serve individual properties. The division in electrical infrastructure is normally only made between bulk and reticulation, where the latter includes both internal and connector infrastructure. As in the case with conventional infrastructure, green infrastructure is made up of a large variety of different elements and is practiced on various scales. These scales distinguish between the ownership and responsibility of such green infrastructure. The appropriate level of involvement of local government in green infrastructure practices is fairly uncertain as many municipalities do not make provision for green infrastructure in their development plans. This study makes several proposals on how to incorporate both conventional and green infrastructure into strategic plans. Such proposals include but are not limited to the introduction of an administrative framework aimed at intergovernmental co-operation, the introduction of lower-order spatial plans as well as the introduction of a multi-disciplinary planning team. / MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The present study focuses on the application of electronic governance (e-governance) or implementation of ICTs by governments. This topic has been a worldwide focus for several years to date. This study has unpacked and analysed various contrasting views on the use of ICTs in promoting e-governance. In some quarters there is criticism about challenges and problems which include: lack of in-depth training of public personnel; the particular need to skill public managers in the use of ICTs; the development of training models for ICT/e-governance for public managers in order to improve the services rendered by governments. On the same note, some criticisms have been highlighted on insufficient alignment between governments and legislations governing the use of ICTs. The lack of adequately trained public managers in ICTs has also become a critical factor in African countries, including South Africa and its provinces. This study works toward constructing a training model in e-governance for the selected Free State provincial departments. The aim was especially to empower public managers in order for them to participate effectively in e-governance applications and implementations and thereby fulfil the mandate of the South African legislation governing the use of ICT in Government. This study will start off with an orientation of the problem statement, as well as the goal and objectives as outlined in Chapter 1. The process of developing the e-governance training model will be aligned in Chapter 2 with training principles and theoretical underpinnings as perceived by various theorists who advocate management training. This implies that managers should be trained in interactions between levels and units of analytical skills in a work place. Furthermore, the study will focus in Chapter 2 on the legislation that governs the training of public managers in South Africa. This legislation applies as a legal framework that guides the use of ICTs in government. This discussion will be followed by an examination (in Chapter 3) of the worldwide practices and models on the use of e-governance and ICTs. A selected number of these global e-governance practices and models in chapter 3 will be incorporated (in Chapter 4) into a workable, drafted e-governance training model for the selected Free State provincial departments, while the basic elements of managerial training and model development will be discussed as well. The process of model development will be discussed in Chapter 4 based on the overarching principles such development. The exposition will focus on the concentric layers as macro-, meso- and micro- levels of model development. This will be followed by the processing in Chapter 5 of the empirical findings obtained from the data analysis on training in e-governance. This analysis will be a prelude to the development in Chapter 6 of a comprehensive, operational e-governance training model for Free State provincial public managers. The final, comprehensive e-governance training model will be presented in Chapter 6, after refining the drafted training model from Chapter 4, when the data will be collected, analysed and interpreted in Chapter 5. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The purpose of this dissertation is to compare features of eleven Canadian provincial / territorial Child and Youth Advocates (CYAs) and identify factors that contribute to their success at influencing changes to public policies, practices and laws to improve services and programs for children and youth. This exploratory study compares and provides explanations regarding the CYAs’ evolution, institutional designs, legislated mandates, implementation, expectations and accountability structures. This study is based on reviews of publicly available documents and interviews with CYA key contacts, members of their legislative oversight committees and informed experts. The CYAs are statutory officers who assist their legislatures in protecting children’s rights and holding governments to account. They also provide a valuable source of information and advice for decision-makers and government agencies. Each CYA is uniquely designed to serve the needs and interests of their jurisdictions. They have overlapping functions and use some common approaches to systemic advocacy aimed at laying the groundwork for change. This study identifies several factors that contribute to the CYAs’ success at influencing systemic change. Comprehensive legislation and adequate resources enable some CYAs to undertake a full range of systemic advocacy functions. Raising awareness helps to build a common understanding of children’s rights and promotes a collective will for change to better serve their needs and interests. Effective use of the media is a powerful tool for raising awareness about the CYAs’ systemic concerns and recommended changes and for putting pressure on governments to take action. Educating and providing guidance to the media aids in controlling messages that are reported. Elevating the views and interests of young people who have direct experience with government systems is an effective strategy used by some CYAs to influence systemic change and increase the participation of young people in public decision-making. Building positive relationships with government agencies promotes greater cooperation with CYAs’ advice. The use of strategic plans for systemic advocacy may aid the CYAs to clarify their goals, objectives and performance measures and to monitor changes over time. / Graduate / Public Administration / thunter@uvic.ca

This research examines the emergence of cycling-supportive land-use and transportation policies in Ontario and Hamilton, Ontario between 1990 and 2016. The focus of this thesis is on two questions that have been unexplored in previous research: (1) what cycling-supportive policies emerged in Provincial and Municipal government during this time?; and (2) what role, if any, did the Provincial position on cycling play in the development of Hamilton, Ontario cycling policies? A primary and secondary document review was undertaken to identify patterns between historical Provincial and Municipal policies. Three types of results are presented: (1) an examination of amendments to the Ontario Planning Act, emphasizing its effect on the role of policy in Ontario, the structure of the Ontario planning system, and on Municipal conformity; (2) a detailed review of emergent cycling-supportive policies and trends in Ontario and Hamilton, Ontario between 1990 and 2016; and (3) an analysis of evidence showing the influence of Provincial cycling-supportive policies on Hamilton plan policies. This research concludes that (1) novel cycling-supportive policies have emerged at both the Municipal and Provincial levels during the research period, and (2) evidence exists that Provincial land-use and transportation policies have influenced Hamilton’s cycling policy over the research period. / February 2017

The focus of this thesis is the nature of the interaction between the civic elites and the civic coinage for which they were responsible. The Roman Province of Asia provides the ideal context for the study of local elites and their coinage because of the prevalence and prominence of the names of individual local notables, henceforth known as eponyms, recorded in civic coin legends. By combining the study of the function of coin eponyms and the prosopographical analysis of individual eponyms in the epigraphic record, it is possible to identify and explain the profound changes that affected civic coin production in the first three centuries AD. Local elites perceived coinage not only in terms of a functional means of exchange, but as a medium for personal and civic display. In this way the local elites exploited coin iconography in ways that paralleled other media of monumental display. New coin legends were developed, which identified explicitly the dedicatory nature of the coinage and the iconographic repertoire of coin types was radically expanded to express the cultural agendas and priorities of the civic elites. The first half of the thesis is devoted to the study of the relationship between office holding and coinage and the development of coin legend formulae during the first three centuries AD. The pattern and distribution of the various legend formulae is analysed in order to determine the extent of the eponym’s involvement in the production of coinage. In particular, this section intends to establish the extent to which coinage production was funded privately. The fourth chapter is arranged into a series of case studies discussing individual cases of personalized coin iconography. The final chapter of the thesis outlines how the civic elite’s conceptualization of coinage changed over the course of this period. It is argued that contact with the Roman monetary tradition affected civic elites’ attitude to coinage and that this manifested itself in the iconography and the fabric of the coins themselves.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as relações entre o Poder Executivo e o Poder Legislativo em nível provincial na Argentina. Tanto estas relações entre os poderes do Estado quanto a esfera estadual colocam-se como temas de relevância nos estudos de ciência política na atualidade, que analisam os sistemas presidencialistas em diferentes níveis. O federalismo e o presidencialismo são matérias recorrentes nos estudos sobre as instituições na Argentina. Os debates enfatizam o papel que o presidente tem na dinâmica das interações entre os entes e os poderes, ora na esfera nacional, ora nas próprias províncias. Tradicionalmente, as análises levavam em consideração um predomínio do executivo e da administração federal em distintas esferas, supondo que o legislativo era um simples homologador das decisões executivas e colocando um véu no que realmente se passava tanto nas arenas legislativas quanto nos níveis provinciais. Um novo grupo de estudos demonstrou, através de análises da produção legislativa, que o presidente argentino não é todo-poderoso, encontra empecilhos em sua relação com o legislativo, e só consegue aprovar metade das propostas que encaminha ao parlamento nacional, evidenciando que não há tal predomínio de um poder sobre o outro. Seguindo estes trabalhos, assim como a literatura que trata sobre a temática, a presente tese busca novos enfoques para estudar o que acontece no presidencialismo estadual na Argentina. Estudam-se os projetos de lei ingressados nas câmaras baixas provinciais e as taxas de sucesso que parlamentares e governadores conseguem em sua aprovação. Compara-se o comportamento dos atores nos trabalhos legislativos, levando em consideração os poderes constitucionalmente conferidos a eles, as regras eleitorais para os cargos executivos e legislativos, a estruturação do Poder Legislativo em uma ou duas câmaras, o tamanho das bases governistas e a organização interna do legislativo em forma mais e menos centralizada. Usando estes fatores que incentivam maior ou menor produção legislativa por parte de governadores e parlamentares, busca-se esclarecer o papel que eles cumprem no processo decisório das províncias argentinas. / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the relations between Executive and Legislative powers in the Argentinean provinces. Nowadays, these relations between the powers of the State in those two spheres of government are relevant subjects in the Political Science studies, which analyze presidential system at different levels. The federalism and presidentialism are frequent topics in the papers of Argentinean institutional analysis. The interactions between the spheres and powers at national or provincial levels are fundamental debates that emphasize the center role of the President in the power relation dynamics. Traditionally, scholars presupposed a predominance of federal Executive and administration. They assume that Legislative was a simple approval agency of Executive decisions, putting a veil in what really happened in both legislative and provincial levels. Recently studies demonstrate, using a legislative production analysis that Argentinean President is not almighty, as was thought to be. They found obstacles in the relation between the Executive and Legislative power, and demonstrate that the success rate rise about to the half of the bills, showing that there is no dominance of one power over another. Following these researches and the literature on the issue, this thesis looks for new approaches to study the provincial presidentialism in Argentina. The success rates of the bills presented by Governors and representatives to the provincial low chambers are used here as performance indicators. This work compares the behavior of actors at legislative office, taking into account their constitutional instruments, the electoral rules to executive and legislative positions, the difference between the legislative structure (one or two chambers), the parliamentary group of the official coalition, and the internal legislative organization depending on a more or less centralized way. It pretends to achieve their role in decision process at Argentinean provinces using all these factors that incentive Governors and representatives to higher or lower legislative production.

Submitted by PPG Hist?ria (historia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-09T11:44:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS, M. L. ?TEIS A SI MESMOS E A P?TRIA-AS CLASSES DE MENORES APRENDIZES DO ARSENAL DE GUERRA .pdf: 1382118 bytes, checksum: a9bc7d50a2fb85d3c04b3d6b36bfcc98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-23T16:23:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS, M. L. ?TEIS A SI MESMOS E A P?TRIA-AS CLASSES DE MENORES APRENDIZES DO ARSENAL DE GUERRA .pdf: 1382118 bytes, checksum: a9bc7d50a2fb85d3c04b3d6b36bfcc98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T16:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS, M. L. ?TEIS A SI MESMOS E A P?TRIA-AS CLASSES DE MENORES APRENDIZES DO ARSENAL DE GUERRA .pdf: 1382118 bytes, checksum: a9bc7d50a2fb85d3c04b3d6b36bfcc98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present paper is dedicated to the study of the existing political relations and interactions among work, education and welfarism at the Oficinas do Arsenal de Guerra de Porto Alegre (Porto Alegre War Arsenal Workshops) through the class of Menores Aprendizes (Underage Apprentices) between the years of 1850 and 1870. The existence of the Underage Apprentices class was a common-practice by the Imperial Army in several provinces in Brazil in the century XIX, and in this way, we try to understand how, in the case of the Rio Grande do Sul province, the admission and teaching of these destitute, orphans, exposed and indigenous within the Arsenal Workshops worked. Therefore, the main analysis involves the existence of a work and education structure organized by the Imperial State for the development of specialized and free work force, the social relations of the time in the province of S?o Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul and the mechanisms of survival of the poor population before the difficulties of keeping education as childhood subsistence at the time. Thus, we will show the existence of a social and political dynamics that dialogues in three biases analyzed when referring to the functioning of the institution, such as the welfarism, social control and professional formation. In this sense, we will also provide how the underage apprentices, inserted in this military context, made use of strategies and regulations imposed to them, by a superior state power, in order to also ascend within the context of the poor society in the XIX century in Porto Alegre. / O presente trabalho dedica-se ao estudo das rela??es e intera??es pol?ticas e sociais existentes entre trabalho, educa??o e assistencialismo nas Oficinas do Arsenal de Guerra de Porto Alegre atrav?s das classes de Menores Aprendizes entre os anos de 1850 e 1870. A exist?ncia de classes de Menores Aprendizes foi uma pr?tica do Ex?rcito Imperial em diversas prov?ncias do Brasil no s?culo XIX; e desta maneira, procuramos compreender como se dava, no caso da prov?ncia do Rio Grande do Sul, a admiss?o e o aprendizado destes menores desvalidos, ?rf?os, expostos e ind?genas dentro das oficinas do Arsenal. Logo, a principal an?lise envolve a exist?ncia de uma estrutura de trabalho e educa??o organizada pelo Estado Imperial para o desenvolvimento de m?o de obra especializada e livre, as rela??es sociais da ?poca na prov?ncia de S?o Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul e os mecanismos de sobreviv?ncia da popula??o pobre frente ?s dificuldades de manter a educa??o como subsist?ncia infantil no per?odo. Desta forma mostramos a exist?ncia de uma din?mica social e pol?tica que dialoga com tr?s vieses analisados ao nos referirmos ao funcionamento da institui??o, sendo eles o vi?s do assistencialismo, do controle social e da forma??o profissional. Neste sentido, mostramos tamb?m como os menores aprendizes, inseridos dentro deste contexto militar, utilizavam de estrat?gias e normativas impostas a eles, por um poder estatal superior, para tamb?m ascender dentro do contexto da sociedade pobre da Porto Alegre do s?culo XIX.

No description available.