Abstract   The prostate gland, a male organ, situated right under the urine bladder, is involved in male reproduction. It can also be the place for more or less serious diseases such as inflammation, abnormal growth and cancer. Especially prostate cancer is very common in the Western world. Today PSA is the most widely used marker for detection of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, this method is not specific enough. Therefore, there is a need for a better marker for screening of malignant prostate cancer. The marker should be specific both for the organ prostate and for the cancer disease. One promising marker is the prostasome, a small vesicle emanating from epithelial cells in the ejaculatory ducts in the prostate. The aim of this project was to set up an ELISA and test a number of antibodies for their ability to work as suitable capture or detection antibodies. As blocking agent different concentrations of BSA were tested. Biotin-Streptavidin conjugate was used in the detection step. Two surface proteins, PSCA and PSMA were used as capture antigens; they are specific for prostasomes. Clusterin, a prostasomal surface-bound protein, was used as antigen for the secondary antibody in the assay. With this experimental setup the detection limit was 2500ng/mL, which is probably not enough to detect prostasomes in cancer. The development of the ELISA did not reach its final stage, a ready-to-use assay, during this project. We have not yet the knowledge of optimal antibody concentrations and the other test parameters are also at experimental state.

In this paper, the summarized definitions, the history of PSA in both China and abroad as well as related-Chinese background are presented so as to lay a background foundation for the research. The theories of signs and communication in semiotics, as well as the reception theories by Stuart Hall build the theoretical base for the research. Two pieces of Chinese Public Service Advertisements of the most two common categories in the field are analysed through semiotics methods, so as to reach one of the aims of the research, namely the understandings of how signs are used in the creation of these PSA, and what the interpretations of the signs are as well as how they come into being. Another aim of the research is to understand the reception of one of the two PSA among the ordinary Chinese people. The method of focus group interview is used to reach this aim. It has been found out that signs on PSA are created with certain meanings, and the interpretations of the signs can vary depending on the translator's life background. It has also been found out that the PSA can be received differently by people with different background, and that the general group of Chinese people have different readings of government-related PSA, and accepting such PSA is not a common thing, despite the fact that China is a very nationalistic country

The thesis was focused on canine interactions in public spaces. Two hundred canine dyads were observed. The gender of the dog, size of the dog and leading of the dog had an effect on the quitting after stopping before meeting. The gender of the dog and leading of the dog affected of the first sniffing place on the body of the dog. The gender of the dog, age of the dog and leading of the dog had an effect on the behavior during sniffing. Playful interactions were affected by the gender of the owner, gender of the dog, age of the dog and leading of the dog. Time of observation, gender of the owner, gender of the dog, age of the dog and leading of the dog affected the type of game. In conclusion, the results indicate that canine interactions are influenced by a number of factors.

Most people agree that the Earth's climate is changing and that it's anthropogenic actions that are the cause of it. The year 2015 was a historic milestone for the Earth's future climate. A climate agreement was signed by several heads of government worldwide. The agreement will take place and enter into force 2020, with a goal that the earth's temperature must not rise more than 2 degrees. In order to achieve this goal all countries, states, communities, entrepreneurs and companies begin to work together to reduce emissions. The coffee rostary Löfbergs aims to reduce their carbon footprint by 40 % to 2020. To achieve the goal, they are working with sustainable actions to reduce the climate impact of all processes the coffee undergoes before it is a drinkable cup of coffee. The enviromental work done in the production is performed constantly, often by both large and small energy efficiency of technical and mechanical processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Löfbergs shielding gas requirement can be improved by comparison of the current technical solution to other alternative solutions. The goal of this study is to find solutions to improve Löfbergs energy, climate impact and cost, through technological improvements of the shielding gas requirement. Comparisons and calculations in this report is mainly done by studying each process lifecycle, to analyse and determine the climate impact of the product flows for the studied solutions to the shielding gas requirements causes. According to the results obtained in the present report, which covered five different solutions to shielding gas requirement, financial savings can be made by around 900 000 Swedish kronor per year and the environmental impact is improved up to 71 %. Both better and worse solutions to climate change and economic cost is presented in the report to guide Löfbergs in the development of a more cost- and energy-efficient and climate-smart business.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Many HIV/AIDS public service announcements (PSAs) focus on aspects of HIV/AIDSprevention efforts, including stigma and discrimination. However, due to an absence ofmedia evaluations that have properly understood the ways in which HIV/AIDS-relatedstigma PSAs are framed and constructed, little is known about the ways in which thesemessages are framed. This study attempts to bridge the gap by analyzing the ways inwhich the Pan American Health 10-year Anthology DVD, frames and constructs theirargument in PSAs targeted at HIV/AIDS-related stigma. In order to answer thequestions, this study connects the theories of stigma, media, and framing, to the theory ofsocial construction. Where stigma is a form of social construction, framing can causesocial construction and media facilitates social construction. Moreover, this study uses aqualitative content analysis, to analyze the198 PSAs in the anthology. The results of thestudy revealed that HIV/AIDS-related stigma PSAs could be categorized into eitherproactive or reactive frames. Within the proactive and reactive frames there are alsoseveral sub-categories, which includes: proactive messages that reduce self-stigma,proactive messages that encourage community support, proactive messages thatencourage institutional support, and proactive messages that focus on antidiscrimination.Within the reactive messages the sub-categories include: reactivemessages and HIV/AIDS corrective information, reactive messages that focus on howHIV/AIDS is and is not transmitted, reactive messages that focus on what stigma is. Theanalysis of this study connected the theoretical reference to the results of the study, bydetermining that the proactive and reactive frames are tools within PSAs, intended tocreate a new reality or new social attitudes about HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Futureimplications for this study could evaluate the effects of the proactive and reactive frames.

none

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Exceptional ability to smell dog in human activity are used for several centuries. The dog is trained for tracking , searching for drugs , weapons, ammunition , human remains , tobacco and money . Usability dog is recorded in the health sector , where the dog can identify the smell serious illness. Deploying a dog to search for forest pests , especially bark beetle was experimentally tested in several European countries , but they were always used the associated odors from the environment beetle . The aim of this thesis was to design and test the methodology in practice dog is trained to search the bark in the forest and to develop and test methodology for deploying the dog directly in the forest , provided that the dog will only identify the smell of bark Beatles. The training methodology and deployment methodology dog in practice aimed to demonstrate the dog's ability to identify the presence of bark beetle in the forest and bring cost-effective form of prevention inspections forest cover within the meaning of applicable legislation. The long-term verification specially trained dog was clearly proved that the dog is very well and quickly able to identify the bark in the forest , which is most at risk. At the same time training the dog to find the bark creating an efficient instrument for the implementation of preventive examinations of forests against bark beetle infestation in accordance with applicable legislation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) é um valioso biomarcador de rastreamento do câncer de próstata. Para determinação do PSA, os imunossensores emergem como uma técnica muito atraente devido à sua simplicidade, especificidade e menor tempo de análise, quando comparada com técnicas convencionais de imunoensaios. Um imunossensor empregando eletrodo de ouro foi usado, em um sistema eletroquímico, para determinação do PSA. O anticorpo monoclonal (anti-PSA) foi orientado na superfície do eletrodo de ouro via proteína A, usada para uma melhor orientação dos anticorpos em Monocamadas Auto-Organizadas, que foram formadas através da incubação do eletrodo numa solução de 2-aminoetanotiol (25mM) seguida por glutaraldeído 2.5% (v/v) durante 45min. A quantidade de anti-PSA imobilizada no eletrodo de ouro, modificado por SAM de tióis, utilizando a proteína A foi 27% maior que o controle (sem proteína A). Parâmetros ótimos foram estabelecidos para um bom desempenho do imunossensor: tempo de incubação (20min) e pH (7.0 - 7.5). A curva de calibração alcançou uma linearidade (r = 0,997, p <0,0001) e boa reprodutibilidade com erro relativo inferior a 5%, quando o antígeno PSA foi incubado variando as concentrações de 1,0 a 15 ng / mL a 25oC. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios provando a viabilidade do desenvolvimento de imunossensores para a determinação do PSA