Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo47_1.pdf: 2485060 bytes, checksum: 06e10afc3452a02775cf07563465e133 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco / Esta pesquisa investiga a percepção social dos participantes do Programa de Saúde Ambiental da Prefeitura da cidade de Recife (PSA), no que tange à noção de meio ambiente e às ações educativas do mesmo. Trata-se de um Programa elaborado com vista à promoção e o monitoramento das ações pertinentes ao processo de prevenção e identificação de fatores de risco que o meio ambiente provoca na saúde da população. Elegemos como lócus de estudo o bairro de Dois Unidos, situado na zona sudoeste da cidade do Recife. Nossa pressuposição inicial era que a educação ambiental promovida pelo Programa permitiria que os participantes do PSA construíssem uma percepção social diferenciada das questões relativas ao meio ambiente. Os dados levantados a partir das entrevistas com os Agentes responsáveis pela execução do Programa (ASACEs), e também com líderes comunitários indicaram uma percepção social do meio ambiente compreendida pelas noções de preservação e sustentabilidade atreladas a uma concepção naturalista do meio ambiente, o que parecem indicar que essas noções estão desconectadas do mundo da vida dos atores, apesar da sua apropriação discursiva muito provavelmente estar associada às ações promovidas pelo próprio programa. As ações educativas, por sua vez, foram percebidas a partir das noções de responsabilização ambiental e ações condicionadas, ou seja, foram apreendidas como mecanismos de controle das ações dos indivíduos, configurando-se mais como uma estratégia de gestão ambiental e não como uma estratégia pedagógica. A análise revelou também uma percepção das atividades educativas permeadas pelo sentido de cuidado uma concepção que embora não seja discutida formalmente pelo PSA, parece funcionar como um filtro valorativo mobilizado pelos agentes e lideranças comunitárias para avaliar o desenvolvimento das ações realizadas pelo PSA. Na conclusão defendemos que a percepção das atividades educativas, mediadas pela ideia de cuidado, pode vir a provocar mudanças significativas no enfoque regulamentador, dado pelas ações atuais do PSA, deslocando-as para uma dimensão políticopedagógica e fazendo avançar o trato com o meio ambiente em uma perspectiva democrática e cidadã

Labeling of consumer products is not only required by regulatory bodies for product identification, but it also serves as a symbol of product quality and prestige. Bubbles under the label are unsightly and impact customer satisfaction. Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) labels currently make up more than eighty percent of all labels in the market today, yet little research could be found addressing causes of bubbling in an industrial setting. A root cause analysis for bubble development included four aspects: label application, environmental conditions of shipping and storage, defects in glass bottle geometry, and oil contamination. The most significant findings from each area were as follows: Label Application. Force and contact time were confirmed to be significant factors in reducing label bubbling. The equipment settings directly related to these factors should be controlled and monitored. Environmental Conditions. None of the environmental conditions caused growth or appearance of additional bubbles as was the hypothesis. All 4 test conditions had a significant Paired T-test but in the reduction of bubble size. Glass Defects. A random sample of bottles showed very poor capability of the bottle dimensions. However, low capability to produce within specification limits does not necessarily lead to bubbling. A direct comparison test was done to compare diameters and variation from bubbled bottles to non-bubbled. No measurements that could reasonably be related to bubbles caused by glass defectiveness were statistically different. Oil Contamination. Initial data analysis showed that certain oil types had a higher chance of causing bubbling. However, after a controlled experiment was performed, the results were inconclusive that oil contamination pre or post-labeling could cause bubbling in isolation. The experiment did confirm the importance of sufficient pressure in the label application process.

No description available.

La capture du CO2 en sortie d’une centrale thermique constitue un réel défi technologique. Les procédés d’adsorption peuvent être utilisés pour traiter de telles fumées caractérisées principalement par leurs grands débits et leurs faibles teneurs en CO2 (2x106 à 3x106 m3.h-1 pour une centrale de 750 MW, % Vol de CO2 = 12-15 %). Certains procédés d’adsorption existants comme les procédés PSA et TSA ont été utilisés pour le traitement des COV. Dans le cas de l’adsorption modulée en pression (PSA) l’effluent à traiter passe à travers d’un lit fixe d’adsorbant à haute pression. L’adsorbant est régénéré en baissant la pression. Pour l’adsorption modulée en température (TSA), l’adsorbant est régénéré en augmentant sa température. C’est souvent de l’air chaud qui est utilisé pour chauffer le lit. Ces deux procédés ne semblent pas bien adaptés pour la capture du CO2. Alors que le premier nécessite l’augmentation de la pression de grands débits de gaz, le deuxième procédé, basé sur le chauffage avec de l’air chaud, n’est pas énergétiquement efficace. De plus le CO2 récupéré est dilué par de l’air. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier un nouveau procédé d’adsorption qui permet de : 1- Traiter de grands débits de gaz à faible pression et capturer la majeure partie du dioxyde de carbone qu’ils contiennent ; 2- Récupérer le CO2 avec une haute pureté ; 3- Réduire le coût énergétique de la régénération. Pour réaliser ce travail, trois procédés d’adsorption ont été examinés expérimentalement et théoriquement : Adsorption avec régénération électrothermique (ESA), Adsorption avec régénération sous vide (VSA) et ESA-VSA couplés. La première étape du travail a consisté à choisir un adsorbant performant. Pour cela, plusieurs solides ont été considérés (charbons actifs, tamis moléculaires carbonés, matériaux polymères, zéolites ...) et deux adsorbants ont été choisis (zéolite 5A et matériau composite PDMS-charbon actif). Dans le cas de la régénération électrothermique, l'adsorbant a été chauffé de façon indirecte, par l'effet de Joule. Après avoir étudié les trois méthodes de régénération expérimentalement, un module de calcul a été développé au moyen de COMSOL la Multiphysics permettant d'ajuster les paramètres de cinétique de transfert de masse pour les étapes d'adsorption et de régénération / The recovery of CO2 from the fossil fuel power plant flue gas is a very important technical challenge. Adsorption processes can be applied to recover CO2 from such dilute and voluminous flue gas (2x106 to 3x106 m3.h-1 for a 750 MW power plant, CO2 Vol % = 12-15 %). Some existing processes like PSA and TSA have been used for VOCs separation. In pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) the gas mixture flows through a packed bed of adsorbent at elevated pressure. The bed is regenerated by reducing the pressure. In Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA), the bed is regenerated by raising its temperature. It is generally based on air heating. These two processes do not seem adapted for CO2 recovery. The first one needs an increase of a very voluminous flue gas pressure. TSA based on air heating is not energitically efficient and it produces diluted CO2. In this work, we aim to study a new adsorption process that permitts to: 1- treat voluminous flue gas at low pressure to recover most of the carbon dioxide that it contains 2- recover CO2 with a high purity 3- reduce the energitic cost of the regeneration To do this work, three adsorption processes were examined experimentally and theoretically: Electrothermal Swing Adsorption (ESA), Vaccum Swing Adsorption (VSA) and coupled ESA-VSA. The first step of the work consisted in the choice of a performent adsorbent. Thus different solids were tested (active carbon, carbon molecular sieves, polymer adsorbents, zeolites...) and two adsorbents which were chosen (zeolite 5A and mixed matrix PDMS-active carbon). For the electrothermal regeneration, the adsorbents were heated indirectly by Joule effect. After having tested the three different ways of regeneration experimentally, different calculation modules were created using COMSOL Multiphysics, permitting adjust the kinetic and mass transfer parameters for both adsorption and regeneration

Lors du décollement d'un adhésif mou (tels que les adhésifs sensibles à la pression, dits PSA), des mécanismes complexes entrent en jeu à l'interface et dans l'épaisseur du film d'adhésif. Afin d¿optimiser ces adhésifs, il convient de maîtriser les transitions entre les différents modes de décollement. Nous avons étudié ces transitons grâce à des matériaux modèles. Nous avons réalisé une analyse quantitative d'expériences de décollement, en nous appuyant notamment sur une nouvelle technique d'analyse d'image. Nous avons également modélisé le comportement mécanique de nos matériaux en traction uniaxiale grâce à un modèle viscoélastique de Phan-Thien et Tanner (PTT) à deux modes. Ces études ont montré la forte hétérogénéité des mécanismes de décollement où des processus à l'interface et dans l'épaisseur de l'adhésif sont en compétition. Pour obtenir des PSA plus efficaces, nous avons donc optimisé leurs propriétés en introduisant un gradient dans les propriétés viscoélastiques du film selon leur épaisseur. Des systèmes bi-couches optimisés montrent d¿intéressantes propriétés, sur surface de forte ou de faible adhésion. Enfin, des adhésifs à gradient continu ont été réalisés et caractérisés via la diffusion d'un réticulant dans un film de polymère puis activation à un instant précis de la réaction de réticulation. / During the debonding of a soft adhesive (as are Pressure Sensitive Adhesives or PSA), complex mechanisms enter in competition at the interface and in the bulk of the adhesive film. In order to optimize these adhesives, it is crucial to understand the transitions between the different debonding modes. We studied these transitions using model materials and carried out a quantitative analysis of debonding experiments with a new image analysis method. We also modeled the mechanical behavior of our materials under uniaxial deformation by using a 2-modes Phan-Thien and Tanner (PTT) viscoelastic model. These studies showed the strong heterogeneity of the debonding mechanisms where process at the interface and in the bulk are in competition. To obtain more efficient PSA, we optimized their properties by introducing a gradient in the viscoelastic properties of the film along their thickness. Bi-layer optimized systems showed interesting properties on surfaces with high or low adhesion. Finally, adhesives with a continuous gradient were realized and characterized by the diffusion of a cross-linker in a polymer film followed by an activation of the cross-linking reaction at a given time

Orientador: Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas metodologias para detecção de biomarcadores cancerígenos utilizando sensores aptaméricos. Aptâmeros são estruturas tridimensionais de DNA/RNA capazes de serem seletivos a alvos específicos. O uso destas sequências em plataformas eletroquímicas permite que o monitoramento do metabolismo celular se torne viável de uma forma rápida e exata. Para a caracterização das superfícies foram utilizadas as técnicas eletroquímicas. Foram utilizadas três proteínas biomarcadoras, PSA, fPSA e HK2 como modelos para os estudos. Os limites de detecção do aptasensor para PSA e fPSA obtidos foram de 1,1 ng/mL e 2,9 ng/mL, respectivamente. Ao final dos experimentos com linhagens celulares cancerígenas e controle, as correspondentes corroboraram com a classificação de risco do câncer de próstata bem como a capacidade de diferenciação por parte dos aptasensores entre os tipos celulares mais agressivos (PC-3, [PSA]: 23 ng/mL; [fPSA]: 6 ng/mL) e menos agressivos (LNCaP, [PSA]:12 ng/mL; [fPSA]: 7,8 ng/mL) em comparação aos grupos de referência (PNT-2, [PSA]: 1,95ng/mL; [fPSA]: 2,11 ng/mL). Para a HK2, foi possível detecta-lá na presença de todos os tipos celulares prostáticos de maneira qualitativa. / Mestre

A testosterona tem sido cada vez mais usada em homens na fase do envelhecimento como prevenção e tratamento de doenças metabólicas, melhora do desempenho sexual, proteção cardiovascular e manutenção da cognição. Porém ainda há conflito sobre seus efeitos na próstata com relação às doenças benignas e malignas. O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do tratamento com duas formas de testosterona sobre carcinoma de próstata induzido por N-Metil-N-Nitrosureia (NMU) a partir de análises histopatológicas e séricas do antígeno prostático específico (PSA). Para tal foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar jovens, sadios, divididos em dois grupos (40 animais cada) tratados ou não com NMU intraperitoneal. Cada grupo foi dividido em quatro subgrupos iguais e tratados durante 16 semanas: 1) tratado com cipionato de testosterona a cada sete dias via intramuscular; 2) tratado com cipionato de testosterona a cada 14 dias via intramuscular; 3) tratado com undecanoato de testosterona oral diariamente; 4) tratado com óleo mineral. Após 16 semnanas e tratamento, os níveis do PSA não alteraram em nenhum grupo ou subgrupo e não houve desenvolvimento de tumores em nenhum deles. Portanto, as duas formas distintas de testosterona associada ao uso de NMU em curto espaço de tempo por via intraperitoneal não alteraram as dosagens séricas do PSA e não induziram a formação de tumores na próstata em ratos Wistar jovens e saudáveis. As alterações histopatológicas acinares encontradas nas próstatas foram projeção, secreção, congestão e inflamação, e as epiteliais foram: epitélio normal, redução do epitélio e redução na altura do mesmo. Tais achados colaboram para que outros estudos sejam realizados de maneira a orientar o uso de testosterona na prática clinica diária sem receio de indução do câncer na próstata. / Testosterone has been increasingly used in men during the aging process as prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, improving sexual performance, cardiovascular protection and maintenance of cognition. But there are still conflicted about its effects in the prostate with respect to benign and malignant diseases. The present study evaluated the effect of treatment with two forms of testosterone on prostate carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) from pathological examinations and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). For this we used 80 young Wistar rats, healthy, divided into two groups (40 animals each) or not treated with intraperitoneal NMU. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups and treated for 16 weeks: 1) treated with testosterone cypionate every seven days intramuscularly, 2) treated with testosterone cypionate every 14 days intramuscularly, 3) treated with oral testosterone undecanoate daily, 4) treated with mineral oil. After 16 semnanas and treatment, PSA levels did not change in either group or sub-group and no tumor development in any of them. Therefore, two different forms of testosterone associated with the use of NMU in short time intraperitoneally did not affect the serum PSA and did not induce tumor formation in prostate in young healthy rats. Acinar histopathological changes were found in the prostates projection, secretion, congestion and inflammation, epithelial and were normal epithelium, epithelial reduction and reduction in height thereof. These findings collaborate to further studies are performed in order to guide the use of testosterone in daily clinical practice without fear of inducing prostate cancer.

Prostatos, vėžys. yra pati dažniausia ir antra pagal mirtingumą vyrų onkologinė liga Lietuvoje. Prostatos specifinio antigeno (PSA) testo naudojimas ankstyvai patikrai leidžia tikėtis šios ligos užleistumo ir mirtingumo mažėjimo. Mažos rizikos prostatos vėžio gydymas radikaliais metodais yra tapęs neatsiejamu ankstyvos patikros palydovu. Nėra žinoma ar bendros praktikos gydytojų (BPG) siūloma informuoto paciento PSA patikra realioje populiacijoje turės tokį patį poveikį kaip klinikiniuose tyrimuose. Šis tyrimas yra pirmas nacionaliniu mastu atliekamos PSA tyrimu pagrįstos patikros programos poveikio sergamumui prostatos vėžiu vertinimas. Išanalizuota organizuotos patikros skvarba populiacijoje pagal skirtingas amžiaus grupes ir BPG teikiamos paslaugos galimybės mažinant skirtingo amžiaus vyrų prostatos vėžio užleistumą. Sukurta duomenų bazė jungianti PSA patikros ir sergamumo prostatos vėžiu duomenis leidžia nagrinėti organizuotos patikros efektyvumą. Nustatyta, kad ankstyvos patikros skvarba ypač maža 50-54 metų vyrų grupėje, tačiau jau po dvejų metų BPG teikiama informavimo ir PSA patikros paslauga lėmė ne tik lokalaus, bet vietiškai išplitusio prostatos vėžio atvejų mažėjimą visoje 50–75 metų vyrų grupėje. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais rekomenduojama naudoti papildomas informavimo priemones, įtraukiant jaunesnius nei 60 metų vyrus į ankstyvos patikros programą, bei plačiai naudoti mažos rizikos prostatos vėžio aktyvią stebėseną. / Prostate cancer is most common and second deadliest tumour diagnosed in Lithuanian men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in early detection of prostate cancer could result in decreased morbidity and mortality. Radical treatment of low-risk prostate emerged as an inevitable satellite of early detection. It is unknown if PSA testing offered to informed men by general practitioners (GP) could have the same results as in clinical trials. This study is the first evaluation of the nation wide prostate cancer detection program based on PSA testing. GP based early detection program is analysed according to the penetration of PSA testing in different age groups and the potential to decrease prostate cancer morbidity. The created database integrating data of PSA testing and incidence of prostate cancer permits in analysis of the effectiveness of early detection. Penetration of PSA testing was determined to be the lowest in 50-54 years men. After two years GP based PSA testing service resulted in decreased incidence of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer across 50-75 years men group. Results of the study suggest that men younger than 60 years need to be involved in early detection program by additional means of information. The active surveillance should be widely used for management of the low-risk prostate cancer.

Prostatos, vėžys. yra pati dažniausia ir antra pagal mirtingumą vyrų onkologinė liga Lietuvoje. Prostatos specifinio antigeno (PSA) testo naudojimas ankstyvai patikrai leidžia tikėtis šios ligos užleistumo ir mirtingumo mažėjimo. Mažos rizikos prostatos vėžio gydymas radikaliais metodais yra tapęs neatsiejamu ankstyvos patikros palydovu. Nėra žinoma ar bendros praktikos gydytojų (BPG) siūloma informuoto paciento PSA patikra realioje populiacijoje turės tokį patį poveikį kaip klinikiniuose tyrimuose. Šis tyrimas yra pirmas nacionaliniu mastu atliekamos PSA tyrimu pagrįstos patikros programos poveikio sergamumui prostatos vėžiu vertinimas. Išanalizuota organizuotos patikros skvarba populiacijoje pagal skirtingas amžiaus grupes ir BPG teikiamos paslaugos galimybės mažinant skirtingo amžiaus vyrų prostatos vėžio užleistumą. Sukurta duomenų bazė jungianti PSA patikros ir sergamumo prostatos vėžiu duomenis leidžia nagrinėti organizuotos patikros efektyvumą. Nustatyta, kad ankstyvos patikros skvarba ypač maža 50-54 metų vyrų grupėje, tačiau jau po dvejų metų BPG teikiama informavimo ir PSA patikros paslauga lėmė ne tik lokalaus, bet vietiškai išplitusio prostatos vėžio atvejų mažėjimą visoje 50–75 metų vyrų grupėje. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais rekomenduojama naudoti papildomas informavimo priemones, įtraukiant jaunesnius nei 60 metų vyrus į ankstyvos patikros programą, bei plačiai naudoti mažos rizikos prostatos vėžio aktyvią stebėseną. / Prostate cancer is most common and second deadliest tumour diagnosed in Lithuanian men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in early detection of prostate cancer could result in decreased morbidity and mortality. Radical treatment of low-risk prostate emerged as an inevitable satellite of early detection. It is unknown if PSA testing offered to informed men by general practitioners (GP) could have the same results as in clinical trials. This study is the first evaluation of the nation wide prostate cancer detection program based on PSA testing. GP based early detection program is analysed according to the penetration of PSA testing in different age groups and the potential to decrease prostate cancer morbidity. The created database integrating data of PSA testing and incidence of prostate cancer permits in analysis of the effectiveness of early detection. Penetration of PSA testing was determined to be the lowest in 50-54 years men. After two years GP based PSA testing service resulted in decreased incidence of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer across 50-75 years men group. Results of the study suggest that men younger than 60 years need to be involved in early detection program by additional means of information. The active surveillance should be widely used for management of the low-risk prostate cancer.

A testosterona tem sido cada vez mais usada em homens na fase do envelhecimento como prevenção e tratamento de doenças metabólicas, melhora do desempenho sexual, proteção cardiovascular e manutenção da cognição. Porém ainda há conflito sobre seus efeitos na próstata com relação às doenças benignas e malignas. O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do tratamento com duas formas de testosterona sobre carcinoma de próstata induzido por N-Metil-N-Nitrosureia (NMU) a partir de análises histopatológicas e séricas do antígeno prostático específico (PSA). Para tal foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar jovens, sadios, divididos em dois grupos (40 animais cada) tratados ou não com NMU intraperitoneal. Cada grupo foi dividido em quatro subgrupos iguais e tratados durante 16 semanas: 1) tratado com cipionato de testosterona a cada sete dias via intramuscular; 2) tratado com cipionato de testosterona a cada 14 dias via intramuscular; 3) tratado com undecanoato de testosterona oral diariamente; 4) tratado com óleo mineral. Após 16 semnanas e tratamento, os níveis do PSA não alteraram em nenhum grupo ou subgrupo e não houve desenvolvimento de tumores em nenhum deles. Portanto, as duas formas distintas de testosterona associada ao uso de NMU em curto espaço de tempo por via intraperitoneal não alteraram as dosagens séricas do PSA e não induziram a formação de tumores na próstata em ratos Wistar jovens e saudáveis. As alterações histopatológicas acinares encontradas nas próstatas foram projeção, secreção, congestão e inflamação, e as epiteliais foram: epitélio normal, redução do epitélio e redução na altura do mesmo. Tais achados colaboram para que outros estudos sejam realizados de maneira a orientar o uso de testosterona na prática clinica diária sem receio de indução do câncer na próstata. / Testosterone has been increasingly used in men during the aging process as prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, improving sexual performance, cardiovascular protection and maintenance of cognition. But there are still conflicted about its effects in the prostate with respect to benign and malignant diseases. The present study evaluated the effect of treatment with two forms of testosterone on prostate carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) from pathological examinations and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). For this we used 80 young Wistar rats, healthy, divided into two groups (40 animals each) or not treated with intraperitoneal NMU. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups and treated for 16 weeks: 1) treated with testosterone cypionate every seven days intramuscularly, 2) treated with testosterone cypionate every 14 days intramuscularly, 3) treated with oral testosterone undecanoate daily, 4) treated with mineral oil. After 16 semnanas and treatment, PSA levels did not change in either group or sub-group and no tumor development in any of them. Therefore, two different forms of testosterone associated with the use of NMU in short time intraperitoneally did not affect the serum PSA and did not induce tumor formation in prostate in young healthy rats. Acinar histopathological changes were found in the prostates projection, secretion, congestion and inflammation, epithelial and were normal epithelium, epithelial reduction and reduction in height thereof. These findings collaborate to further studies are performed in order to guide the use of testosterone in daily clinical practice without fear of inducing prostate cancer.