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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 1 to 5 of 5 (0.034 seconds)| 1 |
Scalar-tensor gravity with pseudoscalar couplingsLambert, Simon 19 December 2008 (has links)
I examine the observational effects of a light scalar field with a scalar coupling
to masses and a pseudoscalar coupling to light and particle spins. The pseudoscalar
coupling to light induces a coupling to atomic spins both by inducing a coupling to
particle spins directly, and by interactions with electromagnetic fields in the atom.
Experiments measuring the interaction of spins to the gradient of the field are the only known way to measure the strength of the interaction with spins. However, limits
on the interaction with light derived from these experiments are barely competitive
with the separate astronomical limits on the scalar interaction and the interaction
with light. Assuming a low mass of the field, as would be the case if the field acts as quintessence, the polarization rotation of the CMB provides a much tighter limit on the product of the pseudoscalar and scalar interaction strengths.
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Konstrukce pseudoskalárních mezonových amplitud v chirální poruchové teorii za použití disperzních metod / Construction of pseudoscalar meson amplitudes in chiral perturbation theory using a dispersive approachZdráhal, Martin January 2012 (has links)
Title: Construction of pseudoscalar meson amplitudes in chiral perturbation theory using a dispersive approach Author: Martin Zdráhal Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: RNDr. Jiří Novotný, CSc. Abstract: We have developed a method enabling a construction of two-loop 2 → 2 scatter- ing amplitudes of pseudoscalar mesons based on the dispersion and the unitarity relations. This method is illustrated on the construction of the amplitudes of all such processes in chiral perturbation theory in isospin limit taking into account strong interactions only. Then it was used for the construction of ππ scattering amplitudes and of K → 3π and η → 3π decay amplitudes including isospin breaking effects induced by different masses of the particles belonging to the same isomultiplet. These parametrizations are prepared for various phenomenological analyses of the ππ scattering lengths and of the isospin breaking effects, both of which could pro- vide us important information for the understanding of quantum chromody- namics at low energies. Finally, we have performed the phenomenological study of η → 3π decay and obtained a value of the quark mass ratio 1/R = (md − mu)/(ms − ˆm). Our conservative estimate is R = 39.6+2.5 −5.1....
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The Beam-Helicity Asymmetry for Two Pseudoscalar Mesons in Photoproduction and a Partial Wave Analysis for Excited HyperonsBadui, Rafael A 24 June 2016 (has links)
The first-time measurement of the angular dependence of the beam-helicity asymmetry for $\gamma p \rightarrow pK^{+}K^{-}$ is shown and compared to $\gamma p \rightarrow p\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$. The data obtained were from the CLAS g12 experiment at Jefferson Lab. The experiment utilized a beam of circularly polarized photons with energies between 1.1 and 5.4 GeV incident on an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target, which produced an unprecedented number of strange hadrons in photoproduction. The production mechanism for strange hadrons is not well understood. The beam-helicity asymmetry is a polarization observable that provides information on interfering production mechanisms in the reaction. It is shown that the asymmetry is sensitive to several kinematic variables that are key in modeling the reaction dynamics. Furthermore, the comparison of the beam-helicity asymmetry between the kaon and pion channels serves as a platform for the investigation of flavor dependence. A partial wave analysis on the $pK^{-}$ system is also performed in a search for missing hyperon excitations.
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Chiral description and physical limit of pseudoscalar decay constants with four dynamical quarks and applicability of quasi-Monte Carlo for lattice systemsAmmon, Andreas 10 June 2015 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit werden Massen und Zerfallskonstanten von pseudoskalaren Mesonen, insbes. dem Pion und dem D-s-Meson, im Rahmen der Quantenchromodynamik (QCD) berechnet. Diese Größen wurden im Rahmen der Gitter-QCD, einer gitter-regularisierten Form der QCD, mit vier dynamischen Twisted-Mass Fermionen (Up-, Down-, Strange- und Charm-Quark) berechnet. Dieses Setup bieten den Vorteil der automatischen O(a)-Verbesserung. Der Gitterabstand a wurde mit Hilfe der Pion-Masse und -Zerfallskonstante durch Extrapolation zum physikalischen Punkt, geg. durch das physikal. Verhältnis von f_pi/M_pi, bestimmt. Dabei kamen Formeln aus der chiralen Störungstheorie, die die speziellen Diskretisierungseffekte des Twisted-Mass-Formalismus berücksichtigen, zum Einsatz. Die bestimmten Werte des Gitterabstands, a=0.0899(13) fm (@ beta=1.9), a=0.0812(11) fm (@ beta=1.95) und a = 0.0624(7) fm (@beta=2.1) liegen etwa fünf Prozent über denen vorheriger Bestimmungen (Baron et. al. 2010). Dies erklärt sich vor allem durch eine Untersuchung bezüglich der Anwendbarkeit des Bereiches der Up-/Down-Quark-Massen auf die verwendeten Extrapolationsformeln. Zur Untersuchung des physikalischen Grenzwertes von f_{D_s} werden Formeln der chiralen Störungstheorie für schwere Mesonen (HM-ChiPT) eingesetzt. Das Endergebnis dieser Betrachtung f_{D_s} = 248.9(5.3) MeV liegt etwas über vorherigen Bestimmungen (ETMC 2009, arXiv:0904.095. HPQCD 2010, arXiv:1008.4018) und etwa zwei Standardabweichungen unter dem Mittel aus experimentellen Werten (PDG 2012). Ein weiterer Teil dieser Arbeit behandelt die i.A. schwierige Berechnung von unverbundenen Beiträgen, die z.B. bei der Berechnung der Masse des neutralen Pions eine Rolle spielen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Methode zur Approximation solcher Beiträge vorgestellt, welche auf der sog. Quasi-Monte-Carlo-Methode (QMC-Methode) beruht. Diese Methode birgt große Möglichkeiten zu enormen Einsparungen der Rechenzeit. / This work deals with the determination of decay constants and masses of the pion and D-s meson. This happens in the framework of lattice QCD, a lattice regularised form of QCD. The four dynamical fermions (up, down, strange and charm quark) are described by the twisted-mass approach (TM-QCD) featuring automatic O(a) improvement. The lattice spacing a has been determined using the pion mass and decay constant extrapolated to the physical point, which is determined by the physical ratio f_pi/m_pi. In order to obtain an accurate description, new formulae from Chi-PT, taking into account the special form of discretisation effects of TM-QCD have been employed. The determined results of a = 0.0899(13) fm (@ beta=1.9), a = 0.0812(11)fm (@ beta=1.95) and a = 0.0624(7) fm (@ beta=2.1) are approximately 5% larger than previous determinations (Baron et. al. 2010). This shift is most likely explained by the reduced range of pion masses (
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Search for heavy Higgs bosons A/H decaying to a top-quark pair in pp collisions at \sqrt(s)=8 TeV with the ATLAS detectorStănescu-Bellu, Mădălina 30 April 2021 (has links)
In dieser Dissertation wird die Suche nach schweren neutralen pseudoskalaren A und skalaren H Higgs-Bosonen vorgestellt, die in gg-Fusionen erzeugt werden, und in ein Top-Antitop-Quark-Paar zerfallen. Gesucht wurde im vollständigen Datensatz von Proton–Proton-Kollisionen bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von 8 TeV die vom ATLAS-Detektor am Large Hadron Collider aufgezeichnet wurde und einer integrierten Luminosität von 20.3 fb−1 entspricht. Der Signalprozess und der Haupthintergrund aus der Top-Quark-Paar-Produktion über starke gg-Fusionen-Prozesse, interferieren heftig, was zu einer Verzerrung des reinen Breit-Wigner-Resonanzpeak in eine Peak-Dip-Struktur führt. Diese Analyse ist die erste am LHC, die die Interferenz zwischen Signal und Hintergrundprozessen vollständig berücksichtigt. Die Suche stützt sich auf die statistische Analyse des invarianten Top-Quark-Paar-Massenspektrum, welches aus Ereignissen mit einem Elektron oder Myon mit hohem Transversalimpuls, einer hohen fehlenden Transversalenergie von dem nicht detektierten Neutrino und mindestens vier Jets rekonstruiert wird. In den Daten wird keine signifikante Abweichung vom erwarteten Standardmodell-Hintergrund beobachtet. Die Ausschließungsgrenzen wurden abgeleitet im Kontext des Typ II Two-Higgs-Doublet Model, für Higgs-Bosonen mit einer Masse von 500 und 750 GeV und mit niedrigerem tan(\beta)-Parameter, bei der tan(\beta) das Verhältnis der Vakuumerwartungswerte der beiden Higgs-Dublett-Felder ist. Diese Parameterregionen sind weitgehend unerforscht in Untersuchungen von beliebigen Endzuständen. / In this thesis a search is presented for heavy neutral pseudoscalar A and scalar H Higgs bosons, produced in gg fusion and decaying into a top-antitop quark pair. The search is conducted on the full proton-proton collisions dataset recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass collision energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The signal process and the main background from top quark pair production via the gg fusion strong process, interfere heavily, distorting the signal shape from the pure Breit-Wigner resonance peak to a peak-dip structure. This analysis is the first one at the LHC that fully takes into account the interference between a signal and the background processes. The search relies on the statistical analysis of the top quark pair invariant mass spectrum, which is reconstructed in signal candidate events with a high-transverse momentum electron or muon, large missing transverse energy from the undetected neutrino and at least four jets. No significant deviation from the expected SM background is observed in data. Exclusion limits are derived in the context of the type-II Two-Higgs-Doublet Model, for Higgs boson masses of 500 and 750 GeV and in the low tan(\beta) parameter region, where tan(\beta) is the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublet fields. These parameter regions have been largely unexplored by searches in any final state.
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