Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett ökande fenomen bland världens ungdomar. Det har visat sig vara fler flickor än pojkar som självskadar. Psykisk ohälsa är en individuell uppfattning och därmed svår att definiera men det resulterar ofta i ett stort personligt lidande där en ständig kamp mellan gott och ont, lust och lidande pågår inom människan. Sjuksköterskan ska främja hälsa och lindra lidande och ett negativt bemötande har visats kunna förvärra ett självskadebeteende. Många med ett självskadebeteende har bemötts med kritik och känt skam över sitt beteende. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa tonårsflickors upplevelser av bakomliggande orsaker till självskadebeteendet. Metod: Använd metod var kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde två kategorier: Utsatt för övergrepp och Känslostormarnas våld med fyra underkategorier Konklusion: Studien visar att övergrepp och känslostormar var bakomliggande orsaker och att flickorna hade svårigheter att hantera detta på egen hand. Sjuksköterskans svårigheter att bemöta tonårsflickorna med självskadebeteende kan relateras till kunskapsbrist. Studiens syfte uppnåddes då tonårsflickornas upplevelser av bakomliggande orsaker till självskadebeteendet belysts i resultatet, vilket kan ge ökad förståelse för sjuksköterskor i framtida vårdmöten. / Background: Self-destructive behavior is a growing phenomenon amongst teenagers in the world. It has proven to be more girls than boys who self-harm. Psychological illness is an individual perception and thus difficult to define but often results in a great personal suffering, where a constant struggle between good and evil, desire and suffering is going on within the person. A nurse shall promote health and alleviate suffering, and a negative attitude has been shown to worsen the self-destructive behavior. Many of the people with a self-harm behavior has been met with criticism and felt ashamed of their behavior. Aim: The aim of his study was to shed light on teenage girls’ experience of underlying causes of the self-destructive behavior.  Method: The used method was a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.. Results: From the analysis of the data material emerged two categories emerged: The victim of abuse and the violence of emotional storms with four subcategories. Conclusion: The study shows that abuse and emotional storms were the underlying causes and that the girls had difficulties to handle this on their own. Nurses have difficulties to meet teenage girls with a self-destructive behavior related to their lack of knowledge. The study's aim was achieved when the teenage girls' experience of what is behind the self-harm was highlighted in the results which may increase understanding of nurses in future treatment sessions.

The levels of unemployment are unusually high compared to recent years, and the consequences are diligently debated in media. Swedish safety systems regarding people’s welfare have gone through changes lately which affected the situation negatively for many concerned citizens. This study aimed to illustrate individual’s situation of unemployment within their social context. We chose to focus on the respondent’s experiences, influences and managing skills pertaining to the situation of unemployment. Seven interviews with unemployed men and women, aged 21-64, where executed based on a qualitative approach. These interviews resulted in the empirical material which were compiled and analyzed. The theoretical standing point in this study was symbolic interactionism. The empirical material was also analyzed through the concepts of alienation, psychological illness, economical exposure and coping. The result of this study showed that all respondents experienced economical exposure according to their unemployment. This exposure lead to other quandary’s which contributed to development of coping strategies. Earlier research shows that unemployment is related to psychological illness which also was shown in this study. Alienation was nothing the respondents declared experience from according to that unemployment was common in their social contexts. On the contrary indirect alienation appeared in the empirical material based on individual situations.

<p>The levels of unemployment are unusually high compared to recent years, and the consequences are diligently debated in media. Swedish safety systems regarding people’s welfare have gone through changes lately which affected the situation negatively for many concerned citizens. This study aimed to illustrate individual’s situation of unemployment within their social context. We chose to focus on the respondent’s experiences, influences and managing skills pertaining to the situation of unemployment. Seven interviews with unemployed men and women, aged 21-64, where executed based on a qualitative approach. These interviews resulted in the empirical material which were compiled and analyzed. The theoretical standing point in this study was symbolic interactionism. The empirical material was also analyzed through the concepts of alienation, psychological illness, economical exposure and coping. The result of this study showed that all respondents experienced economical exposure according to their unemployment. This exposure lead to other quandary’s which contributed to development of coping strategies. Earlier research shows that unemployment is related to psychological illness which also was shown in this study. Alienation was nothing the respondents declared experience from according to that unemployment was common in their social contexts. On the contrary indirect alienation appeared in the empirical material based on individual situations.</p>

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological consequences for victims of Honor-related violence. The psychological consequences are studied in a human rights context. It looks at which human rights are violated through honor-related violence and oppression. In Sweden today more is known about honor-related violence than it was in the 1990s, when the phenomenon started to be paid attention to in the wake of the killings of three girls. The study applies qualitative methods for data collecting and analysis of data. Most of the material is collected from secondary sources as previous research. The study shows that in most cases, honor-related violence causes psychological illness of the victims. UNs convention on human rights is violated by the honor-related violence and oppression in different ways. The government offers help to the victims in form of both protection and housing.

Risk factors for psychological insult following deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom among veterans: A systematic review: The systematic review aimed to establish more clearly the risk factors for mental health problems in the veteran population. Five databases were searched. Included studies (n = 10) required that veterans served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and/or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and included risk factors of mental health problems among the veteran population. Data from included studies were extracted and critically appraised based on critical appraisal tools following a narrative approach to synthesise data. All of the studies reviewed identified risk factors, although due to their heterogeneous nature key findings varied considerably. However, it was consistently reported that combat exposure and deployment experiences were associated with emergence of post operational mental health problems. The current review provides preliminary evidence that there are a number of specific risk factors that may increase susceptibility to mental health problems subsequent to military deployment. It is suggested that interventions are needed in order to mitigate risk factors and bolster protective factors. A cross-sectional study investigating the impact of disease activity and disease related cognitions on adjustment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The research journal aimed to investigate the degree to which psychological illness related cognitions will mediate the effect of disease activity on Quality of Life (QoL). In addition, to assess the impact of disease activity, and several psychological factors, in several adjustments outcomes in IBD to see whether the adjustment variables are significant predictors of multiple outcomes. Mediation was used followed by an exploratory cross-sectional correlational design. Three hundred and thirty eight participants were recruited through an IBD charity and invited to respond to a self-report questionnaire online. Measures targeted different aspects of the IBD profile to give an indication of adjustment associated with IBD diagnosis, psychological factors and Quality of Life (QoL). Mediation analysis found support for significant indirect effects on the relationship between disease activity and QoL through Gastrointestinal (GI) anxiety, perceived disability and illness representations. The subsidiary analysis indicated that pain catastrophising, disease activity, stigma, illness representations and GI anxiety were found to be significant predictors of adjustment in IBD. The results indicate that there is an important relationship with the adjustment factors, QoL, and psychological functioning. In addition, stress, depression, anxiety and QoL were found to be predicted by the adjustment factors. The current study has provided insight into psychological factors and adjustment indicators from a multi-faceted perspective, which will facilitate advancement of managing IBD from a biopsychosocial framework with a view to enable more effective disease management.

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention on football performance, mindfulness, emotional regulation, performance anxiety and psychological illness (general anxiety, depression and emotional/physical fatigue) compared to an active control group over time. Effects of the intervention were measured through a quantitative survey at three measure points, pre and post (immediately after) the intervention together with a two months follow up. The participants were young elite football players (n = 44, Mage = 16.8, SD = 0.65) from the same senior high school. The participants were divided into four groups, one experiment group and one control group for each of the sexes. The intervention consisted of six sessions spread over six weeks, where the experiment group took part of the MAC intervention and the control group went through a group dynamic intervention. Mix-model ANOVA showed no significant difference in effect for any variable, thus no differences between the experiment group and the control group. This suggest that MAC has no additional effects on football performance and psychological illness compared to a group dynamics intervention.