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Background Nursing professional health courses have been reported to be very exhaustive and stressful, with most nursing students reporting moderate levels of stress. Purpose This study was designed to compare the spiritual well-being, coping strategies, psychological well-being, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation between Taiwanese and Australian nursing students. Methods Three hundred eighty-one nursing students (180 from Taiwan and 201 from Australia) were recruited for this cross-sectional comparative research study. The Psychological Well-being Scale, Spiritual Well-being Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory Short-Form, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Zung Depression Scale, and Brief Screen for Adolescent Depression Scale were used to collect data. SPSS 27.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive data analysis, chi-square tests, independent t test, Pearson correlations, and stepwise multiple regressions were used to examine the research questions. Results Students in Australia had higher mean scores than Taiwanese nursing students for psychological well-being, life satisfaction/self-actualization, and using problem-focused disengagement coping strategies, whereas Taiwanese students had higher mean scores for using emotion-focused engagement coping strategies and depression than their Australian nursing students. Spiritual well-being and problem-focused disengagement were shown to be significantly and positively related to psychological well-being and significantly and negatively related to anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in both groups. No significant difference between Australian students and Taiwanese students was found in anxiety, suicidal ideation, and negative-emotion-related alcohol use. Conclusions/Implications for Practice The multiple regressions performed in this study support life satisfaction/self-actualization and the emotion-focused disengagement coping strategy as significant predictors of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in both student groups. The findings of this study help nursing program faculty better understand the key factors of influence on nursing student mental health and provide a conceptual framework for using problem-focused coping strategies and spiritual education on students.

In the present study, we examined whether social problem-solving processes would add predictive utility over loneliness in accounting for unique variance in ill-being (viz., depressive symptoms and suicide behavior) and well-being (viz., life satisfaction and positive affect) in a sample of 230 females. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that social problem-solving processes added significant predictive utility in accounting for unique variance in depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Moreover, negative problem orientation emerged as a significant unique predictor of both ill-being and well-being. In contrast, positive problem orientation emerged as a significant unique predictor of well-being and only one index of ill-being. Some implications of the present findings are discussed.

The purpose of the study was to investigate how paraathletes with a physical disability experience psychological well-being within their sport. Ten paraathletes with a physical disability participated in the study whereas seven were male and three female within the ages of 18-64 (M=38.7, SD=15.9). The study was of qualitative nature and a semi-structured interview guide was designed based on psychological well-being in order to investigate the purpose. Through a thematic analysis, three main themes were formed: Relationships to others and oneself, purpose and development act as a driving force, and, difficulties in mastering the environment. The main themes together with their sub-themes reflected the participants' experiences of psychological well-being in sports. The participants in the study felt that social relations with others were strong in parasports and that it was an important part of their everyday life to feel purpose and to have fun. Overall, psychological well-being within parasport was considered secure but with some limitations in environmental mastery and personal development. The results of the study sheds extra light on the experiences para-athletes with a physical disability exhibit within their parasport. Future research may benefit from specifying the outcome by comparing age groups against each other to highlight possible differences in psychological well-being depending on age within parasport. Keywords: Community, parasport, physical disability, psychological well-being, qualitative / Syftet med studien var att undersöka fysiskt funktionsnedsatta paraidrottaresupplevelser av psykologiskt välbefinnande inom idrotten. Tio parasportare med enfysisk funktionsnedsättning deltog i studien varav sju män och tre kvinnor i åldrarna18-64 (M=38.7, SD=15.9). Studien var av kvalitativ karaktär och en semistruktureradintervjuguide utformades med grund i psykologiskt välbefinnande för att kunnaundersöka syftet. Genom en tematisk analys utformades tre huvudteman: Relationer tillandra och sig själv, mening och utveckling agerar som drivkraft, samt svårigheter attbemästra omgivningen. Huvudteman tillsammans med sina underteman belystedeltagarna till studiens upplevelser av psykologiskt välbefinnande inom idrotten.Deltagarna i studien upplevde att sociala relationer med andra var starkt inomparaidrotten samt att det var en viktig del i deras vardag för att känna mening och föratt ha roligt. Överlag var det psykologiska välbefinnandet inom parasporten starkt menmed vissa begränsningar inom de psykologiska dimensionerna omgivningsbemästringoch personlig utveckling. Studiens resultat belyser parasportare med en fysiskfunktionsnedsättnings upplevelse av psykologiskt välbefinnande inom parasporten.Framtida forskning kan med fördel fokusera på att specificera resultatet genom attjämföra åldersgrupper mot varandra för att belysa eventuella skillnader inompsykologiskt välbefinnande beroende på åldersgrupp inom parasporten.

Hambert, M. Degree project in social work. Malmö University: Faculty of health and society, Department of social work, 2014.Equine assisted therapy is for many a yet unknown form of rehabilitation. In the current situation there is a lack of documented research on horses' involvement in rehabilitation and social work. Studies show that animals, and especially horses, can have a positive impact on human well-being, both physically and mentally. The focus of this study is to investigate whether equine assisted therapy can be used as a health-promotion rehabilitation method for people suffering from anxiety-related disorders such as depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, eating disorders and anxiety. My aim with this study was to investigate whether rehabilitation method with horses could result in improved mental health. I used semi-structured interviews of certificated therapists who work with equine assisted therapy. I also made a minor literature study to find out what previous research said on the subject. The results of this studies show, among other things, that horses with theirsspecific properties are suitable for use in rehabilitation. Horses can bring calm and harmony to the rehabilitation; show the reflection of a person's inner thoughts and emotions, promote social relationships as well as increase self-confidence etc. The study's results imply that equine assisted therapy is a well-functioning rehabilitation project for people affected by mental illness caused by anxiety-related disorders.

<p>    </p> <p>Dysmenorrhea is the most common pain condition in reproductive-aged women and is characterized by pain during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea has far-reaching effects, such as increased psychological distress, increased relationship problems, reduced physical activity, and decreased sleep efficiency. It is the leading cause of absenteeism in this population. Though dysmenorrhea impacts many women and has such far-reaching effects, it has not been studied as extensively as other pain conditions, specifically regarding trait expectations and specific expectations. In other pain conditions, hope and optimism, the two most studied trait expectations, are protective factors for pain severity, interference, and the psychological effects of pain. Trait expectations additionally predict specific expectations, with hope predicting specific expectations related to the self, and optimism predicting specific expectations related to experiences. Both self- and experience-expectations predict outcomes, such as pain severity and pain tolerance. The current study sought to 1) examine the factor structure of specific expectations for dysmenorrhea; 2) examine the roles of trait and specific expectations in predicting dysmenorrhea; and 3) examine the roles of trait expectations and dysmenorrhea in predicting psychological adjustment. A longitudinal study of 389 menstruating women, over the age of 18, who could read and write English was conducted through CloudResearch. Confirmatory factor analysis and mixed latent- and measured-variable path analysis were used. Results indicated two distinct factors of specific expectations, pain-expectation and self- expectation. Hope predicted self-expectation, which predicted dysmenorrhea interference. Pain- expectation predicted dysmenorrhea severity and interference. Additionally, both hope and optimism predicted psychological adjustment. Dysmenorrhea interference predicted psychological distress. However, trait expectations did not predict dysmenorrhea. This study is the first to examine the associations among trait expectations, specific expectations, and dysmenorrhea and expands on the differences between dysmenorrhea and other pain conditions. </p>

Объектом исследования явилось переживание одиночества. Предметом исследования стали взаимосвязь одиночества с чертами темной триады и психологическим благополучием личности. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, выводов по главам, заключения, списка использованной литературы и приложения, включающего в себя сводную таблицу данных эмпирического исследования. Объем магистерской диссертации 81 страница, на которых размещены 5 рисунков и 6 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы, посвященной феноменам одиночества, психологического благополучия и личностных черт темной триады. Представлен раздел, посвященный исследованиям взаимосвязи этих феноменов. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных с использованием методик: дифференциальный опросник переживания одиночества А.Н. Леонтьева, Е.Н. Осина; шкалы психологического благополучия К. Рифф; опросник черт Тёмной триады. Также в главе представлены описательный, сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. Установлено, что переживание одиночества взаимосвязано с психологическим благополучием и чертами темной триады, причем эти взаимосвязи имеют различную структуру у мужчин и женщин. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам и обоснована практическая значимость исследования. / The object of the study was loneliness. The subject of the study was the connection of loneliness with the dark triad and psychological well-being. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions by chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and an appendix, which includes a table of empirical research data. The volume of the master's thesis is 81 pages, on which 5 figures and 6 tables are placed. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates hypotheses, specifies methods and empirical base, as well as practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the phenomena of loneliness, Dark Triad and psychological well-being. The section devoted to the studies of the relationship of these phenomena is presented. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: The questionnaire of loneliness by A.N. Leontiev, E.N. Osin; Dark triad questionnaire; K. Riff’s scales of psychological well-being. The chapter also presents a descriptive, comparative and correlation analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of an empirical study. It has been established that the experience of loneliness is interconnected with psychological well-being and features of the dark triad, and these relationships have a different structure in the samples of men and women. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated.

Depression is a common psychopathology that causes affective, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunction and is present across cultural identities. To reduce the dysfunction and treat the symptoms that arise from depression, researchers have created positive psychological interventions (PPIs), which are empirically supported interventions that cause a positive change by targeting a positive variable. In the current study, I created a new PPI, the Best-Self PPI, that draws from elements of optimism, coherence, and character strengths PPIs. Specifically, I hypothesized that the Best-Self PPI would work by positively biasing self-referential processing, which may predict depression and psychological well-being. Participants (n = 133) were undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 32 (M = 19.97, SD = 1.66). Participants were primarily female (n = 85; 63.91%) and White (n = 87; 65.41%) and completed either the Best-Self PPI or wrote about a childhood memory (T1, +0 Days), completed the Self-Referential Encoding Task (T2 +1 Day), and then completed a set of outcome measures (T3, +8 Days). Although the intervention appeared to have no effect on depression, well-being, or affect compared to the control group, I found that: 1) self-referential processing bias partially mediates the relationship between self-critical rumination and depression, 2) self-referential processing bias and state self-esteem fully explain the relationship between self-critical rumination and depression, and 3) self-esteem fully explains the relationship between self-critical rumination and psychological well-being. The results provide new empirical evidence for why some interventions may reduce depression and promote psychological well-being through changes in self-evaluations. I encourage researchers to use the evidence in the current study that modifying self-referential processing and state self-esteem may affect depression and psychological well-being to improve existing interventions and create new interventions to promote psychological well-being above and beyond the elimination of suffering.

Social media use (SMU) has become commonplace in modern society, especially among young adults. Research has examined whether more frequent SMU is more commonly associated with poorer psychological well-being, although findings are mixed. A few more recent studies have examined how type of SMU (active vs. passive use) may also affect well-being. Socially anxious individuals are at risk of engaging more frequently and passively online, yet few studies have examined how social anxiety (SA) influences the relationship between SMU and psychological well-being. Undergraduates (N = 1091) completed an online survey assessing their SMU, SA, and psychological well-being; 123 of these individuals were randomized to either actively (n = 56) or passively (n = 67) engage on their preferred social media site for a period of 10 minutes; participants’ psychological well-being was assessed before, after, and the evening following the experimental task. Self-reported SMU frequency was positively correlated with SA, depression, envy, and fear of missing out. Self-reported passive SMU was positively correlated with SA, envy, and negative social comparison. SA moderated the relationships between self-reported passive SMU and loneliness (LO), as well as autonomy. However, contrary to expectation, for less socially anxious individuals, more passive SMU was associated with lower LO and more autonomy. Experimentally-manipulated passive SMU, compared to active SMU, did not predict poorer psychological well-being across time. SA also did not moderate the relationships between experimentally-manipulated SMU and psychological well-being. Future research should continue to examine how frequency and type of SMU (e.g., active vs. passive) affect psychological well-being, using experimental designs in addition to self-report measures to examine these constructs. / Psychology

Research examining how these athletes, specifically football players, are racially mistreated in revenue sports in Power Five conferences, as well as the effect of this mistreatment on their health and well-being, has been sparse. Thus, the purpose of my study was to examine current Black male college football players' experiences of racial mistreatment within their lives in general, and their collegiate sport experiences in particular, and to learn how these experiences have affected their health and well-being across their academic, athletic, and social spheres of functioning. Through reflexive thematic analysis, I gathered that (a) the athletes believed that football defines and limits them, (b) they felt misunderstood and isolated on campus, (b) they were dehumanized and criminalized, and (d) they were physically and psychologically exhausted from chronic racial mistreatment. Despite the NCAA making positive strides toward addressing mental health concerns within collegiate athletics, there remains a clear need for more support and nourishment regarding the mental health of Black male college athletes, particularly football players. Further results and implications are discussed.