As condições desafiadoras enfrentadas pelas empresas no atual cenário econômico e político, aliadas às rápidas mudanças na qual a tecnologia de informação se insere, exigem a maximização do uso dos escassos recursos como forma de sobreviver no mercado. No caso específico das empresas estatais, a motivação primordial é reduzir o desperdício dos recursos públicos, através do seu uso racional. A Governança de TI surgiu como subconjunto da Governança Corporativa e sob a influência do Planejamento Estratégico de Sistemas de Informação. A Governança de TI é o alinhamento estratégico da TI com o negócio, para que o máximo de valor de negócio seja alcançado. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a abordagem da Governança de TI existente em uma empresa estatal fornecedora de bens e serviços de TI para o governo estadual. Através de um estudo de caso exploratório concluiu-se que a empresa possui traços da Administração Pública Burocrática, como a hierarquia funcional, o formalismo e a presença de fortes controles administrativos. A mudança do corpo diretivo a cada quatro anos, devida à troca de governo, introduz novas diretrizes e novos funcionários não-permanentes com estratégias diferentes da administração anterior. Não foi encontrada uma estrutura de decisões permanente capaz de resistir às oscilações da política governamental. A mudança do cenário político influencia a estrutura de poder interna da organização, numa intensidade além do que seria esperado se existisse um mecanismo de decisões consolidado. / Challenging conditions in business and political landscape in which enterprises are inserted, allied to information technology fast diversity of changes, demand actual maximization of scarce resources in order to survive in market. Similarly, in governmental enterprise environment, the prime motivation is to reduce public resources waste through its rational use. IT Governance emerged as a subset of Corporate Governance and under the influence of Information Systems Strategic Planning. IT Governance is the strategic alignment of IT and Business to achieve maximum business value. This study aims to analyze the existing IT Governance approach in a governmental enterprise that provides IT products and services for a state government. Through an exploratory case study one concluded that the enterprise has traces of the Bureaucratic Public Administration, as functional hierarchy, formalism and the presence of strong administrative controls. The every four year board change, due to government changes, introduces new guidelines and new non-permanent employees with different strategies from those of former administration. A permanent decision structure capable of resisting to governmental politics oscillations hasn’t been found in the enterprise environment. Political scene change biases the organization internal power structure in intensity beyond the one that would be expected if there was a consolidated decision mechanism.

As condições desafiadoras enfrentadas pelas empresas no atual cenário econômico e político, aliadas às rápidas mudanças na qual a tecnologia de informação se insere, exigem a maximização do uso dos escassos recursos como forma de sobreviver no mercado. No caso específico das empresas estatais, a motivação primordial é reduzir o desperdício dos recursos públicos, através do seu uso racional. A Governança de TI surgiu como subconjunto da Governança Corporativa e sob a influência do Planejamento Estratégico de Sistemas de Informação. A Governança de TI é o alinhamento estratégico da TI com o negócio, para que o máximo de valor de negócio seja alcançado. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a abordagem da Governança de TI existente em uma empresa estatal fornecedora de bens e serviços de TI para o governo estadual. Através de um estudo de caso exploratório concluiu-se que a empresa possui traços da Administração Pública Burocrática, como a hierarquia funcional, o formalismo e a presença de fortes controles administrativos. A mudança do corpo diretivo a cada quatro anos, devida à troca de governo, introduz novas diretrizes e novos funcionários não-permanentes com estratégias diferentes da administração anterior. Não foi encontrada uma estrutura de decisões permanente capaz de resistir às oscilações da política governamental. A mudança do cenário político influencia a estrutura de poder interna da organização, numa intensidade além do que seria esperado se existisse um mecanismo de decisões consolidado. / Challenging conditions in business and political landscape in which enterprises are inserted, allied to information technology fast diversity of changes, demand actual maximization of scarce resources in order to survive in market. Similarly, in governmental enterprise environment, the prime motivation is to reduce public resources waste through its rational use. IT Governance emerged as a subset of Corporate Governance and under the influence of Information Systems Strategic Planning. IT Governance is the strategic alignment of IT and Business to achieve maximum business value. This study aims to analyze the existing IT Governance approach in a governmental enterprise that provides IT products and services for a state government. Through an exploratory case study one concluded that the enterprise has traces of the Bureaucratic Public Administration, as functional hierarchy, formalism and the presence of strong administrative controls. The every four year board change, due to government changes, introduces new guidelines and new non-permanent employees with different strategies from those of former administration. A permanent decision structure capable of resisting to governmental politics oscillations hasn’t been found in the enterprise environment. Political scene change biases the organization internal power structure in intensity beyond the one that would be expected if there was a consolidated decision mechanism.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-18T16:52:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaLealMarinhodeAraujoDissertacao2018.pdf: 1793407 bytes, checksum: dfc07c7aaedbb4c17afc8303dd4a6229 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-18T16:53:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaLealMarinhodeAraujoDissertacao2018.pdf: 1793407 bytes, checksum: dfc07c7aaedbb4c17afc8303dd4a6229 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T16:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CintiaLealMarinhodeAraujoDissertacao2018.pdf: 1793407 bytes, checksum: dfc07c7aaedbb4c17afc8303dd4a6229 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / This work analyses the inefficiency of public enterprises in Brazil, studying specifically the case of the sanitation sector. The sanitation sector is characterized as a natural monopoly, with a high cost of investments, which makes inefficient the existence of another firm operating in the same sector, this impossibility of competition can be as a consequence a non-incentive to efficiency. In order to analyse the efficiency of public companies in Brazil, specifically the case of the sanitation sector, we will be made a two-part analysis. The first part aims to establish a limit for an inefficient monopoly government, from which it would be better to privatize the company. Theoretically, the operation of a natural monopoly by the government would be more efficient than the regulation of a private monopoly, but in practice this may not be the case. Thus, a comparison will be made between a private, unregulated monopoly and an inefficient government monopoly. This comparison aims to establish a value for the parameter of inefficiency, from which it would be better that the company was not owned by the government. The second part, which deals with the empirical study, is based on a methodology proposed by Laffont and Tirole (1986) to encourage efficiency. Based on this model will be analyzed the data of the companies that operate the sanitation sector in Brazil and using a switching regression model. The data were obtained from the Sistema Nacional de Saneamento – SNIS and a comparison between Compensation and Costs will be made in the remuneration of these companies following the theoretical model. The study seeks to find a model proposal that encourages natural monopolies to be more efficient, verifying possible patterns to be followed. / Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de tratar da eficiência das empresas públicas no Brasil, analisando especificamente o caso do setor de saneamento. O setor de saneamento caracteriza-se como um monopólio natural, com elevado custo dos investimentos, o que faz com que seja ineficiente a existência de outra firma funcionando no mesmo local, essa impossibilidade de competição pode ter como consequência um não incentivo à eficiência. Com o objetivo de analisar a eficiência de empresas públicas no Brasil, especificamente o caso do setor de saneamento, será feita uma análise em duas partes. A primeira parte tem o objetivo de estabelecer um limite para os custos de um governo monopolista ineficiente, a partir do qual seria melhor privatizar a empresa. Teoricamente, a operação de um monopólio natural pelo governo seria mais eficiente do que a regulação de um monopólio privado. Na prática, isso pode não se verificar. Assim, será desenvolvida uma comparação entre um monopólio privado não regulado e um monopólio do governo ineficiente. Essa comparação tem por objetivo estabelecer um valor do parâmetro de ineficiência, a partir do qual seria melhor que a empresa seja operada por um monopolista privado. A segunda parte, que trata do estudo empírico, se baseia em uma metodologia proposta por Laffont e Tirole (1986) para incentivo à eficiência. Com base nesse modelo, serão analisados os dados das empresas que operam no setor de saneamento no Brasil, utilizando um modelo de regressão com mudança de regime. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema Nacional de Saneamento (SNIS) e será feita uma comparação entre transferência e custos dessas empresas seguindo o modelo teórico. O estudo busca encontrar uma proposta de modelo que incentive monopólios naturais a serem mais eficientes, verificando possíveis padrões a serem seguidos.

This thesis is a study of why and how an authority model of managing state-owned enterprises has remained popular in Taiwan through the past two decades. The subject was chosen because it has to date, been a neglected subject in the literature on Taiwan, even though it is significant to any serious examination of Taiwan's continuing political development and the government's approach to governance. Taiwan has experienced three major milestones of political democratisation over the period, each greatly enhancing the democratic characteristics of the state and also reflecting a degree of absorption of global political and economic pressures. Taiwan's political democratisation has been widely discussed in recent years, but not much attention has been paid to the effect of the political changes on its public sector management. The discussions have simply speculated that the Taiwanese government no longer uses the authoritarian way of governing the country, in keeping with its promotion of democratic development. However, this research clearly indicates that the change of political regime from the previous Kuomintang (KMT) to the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has not meant any significant change in the way state-owned enterprises are managed. The approach of the DPP government resembles that of the KMT government in that it continues with an authoritarian way of managing state-owned enterprises, despite the party's long established commitment to a democratic way. In other words, this huge change has not meant state-owned enterprises are any better placed than they were previously in terms of having a greater degree of enterprise management autonomy. This research also shows that Taiwanese governments, regardless of which of the two parties is in power, manipulate state-owned enterprise management using the enterprises as a major means of achieving multiple political objectives. In particular, it has become almost endemic in Taiwan's politics that the ruling party manipulates state-owned enterprise management in order to win political elections and protect its political position. In this sense, it has become evident that the democratic way of governance has still not been used within this part of the government yet.

本研究主要分為三大部份，分別針對中國大陸之經濟起飛、出口與國有企 業改革加以探討。研究結果顯示:一、依據 Tsiang S.C.之經濟起飛條件 判斷，中國大陸自1977年進入自力成長的經濟起飛階段。二、出口與經濟 成長間之關係 (一)利用出口與經濟成長間之定義關係(王春源，1983)檢 驗：出口擴張對於國民所得之貢獻率，在經改以後大幅提升且具較穩定 。 (二)利用 Feder(1982)之理論模型檢驗：中國大陸之出口部門與非出 口間之要素的社會邊際生產力存在明顯差異。至於中國大陸經濟成長來源 ，主要來自模型未考慮之其他變數與非出口部門資本的邊際生產力。 (三)依據本文之修正模型，實證結果顯示：影響中國大陸經濟成長之最主 要因素來自消費與投資。出口與經濟成長間之關係則出現「門檻效果」之 現象。三、造成國企不活之深層原因，主要是制度性因素所致，國有企業 在性質上只是「機關體」而非「企業體」。另據本文利用 Chow(1994)之 理論模型，模擬分析顯示：企業在市場經濟運行的效率，相對優於傳統計 劃經濟體制。因此，國企改革應謀求將「機關體」質變為經營目標單純化 之「企業體」，建立以市場為導向，以利潤為中心之企業制度。

Our understanding of enterprise restructuring in a transition context is predominantly drawn from the ex-communist countries of Europe. Those countries have their own cultural values, social structures, were subject to the Soviet political and economic managemet styles and had their own political and economic reasons to move to the free market system. Without doubt, these factors had influenced their enterprise restructuring and its determinants. Given this influence, our understanding of enterprise restructuring and its determinants can be considered limited especially when one takes into consideration the fact that mnay developing countries with centrally planned economic systems had moved to the free market system almost at the same time as the ex-communist countries. Very important, the restructuring behaviour of their state and privatised enterprises and the determinants of their behaviour have been neglected by researchers. This neglect was, indeed, a stimulus to carry out a research study on enterprise restructuring and its determinants in Algeria. The aim of this research study was to develop an understanding of the kind of restructuring taking place in the state enterprises slated for privatisation in Algeria and the factors that stimulated or hindered their restructuring from 1990 to 2005. Algeria is a country that combines a mixture of historical backgrounds. It has a history of more than one hundred years of French colonial rule and has a deep rooted link with the Arab and Islamic cultures. It is also a country which had followed, after gaining independence from the colonial rule in 1962, its own style of socialism where the private sector,in light manufacturing and some service industries, was tolerated and workers of the state-owned enterprise were given the power to share the decision makings with management. More significantly, Algerial was and still is a country where almost 90 percent of its foreign revenues come from hydrocarbons export. Its move to the free market in 1989 came as a result of the sharp drop in the price of oil and therefore a sharp decrease in its foreign revenues. It was a move imposed by the IMF in return for the extension of its debts repayment and the provision of fresh loans. With these socio-cultural, political and economic characteristics of Algeria, it was expected that the restructuring behaviour of the enterprises under investigation and the determinants of this behaviour would exhibit some differences from those experienced in the transition countries of Europe. The investigation was carried out on three enterprises operating in different industries: Saidal in pharmaceuticals, the SNVI in heavy vehicles and Eriad Alger in wheat processing and manufacturing. The data was collected and analysed using qualitative and quantitative research strategies. Semi-structured and unstructured interviews were used to collect data on the restructuring actions and their determinants. They were carried out with senior managers at the head offices, divisions and functional departments of the enterprises; managers at the trade union (UGTA); managers at one state-owned consultancy organisation called CNAT; managers at the ministry of industry; two visiting managers at the trade union (UGTA); and a small number of workers of the three enterprises under investigation. A survey using a self-completion questionnaire was also used to investigate the characteristics of the top management teams of the three enterprises. Primary documents such as state, private company and media reports and secondary document such as journal articles and books were also used. The findings drawn from the study reveal that Saidal was the only enterprise that restructured effectively despite the strong competition in its market. This was possible through the determination of Saidal's president general manager and his top management team to restructure and through the enterprise partnership with many multinational firms. The findings also indicate that controllable and uncontrollable factors had significant impact on the restructuring behaviour of the three enterprises. The controllable factors were the corporatisation of the state enterprise and the underdevelopment of the institutional environment. Corporatisation was an important incentive that encouraged effective restructuring but this was possible only when the enterprise was financially healthy, as was the case with Saidal. The financial autonomy of Saidal reduced the intervention of the government administration in its internal affairs. Government intervention was strong when the enterprise was perceived by the government as strategically important, as was the case with the SNVI, or when the government intended to totally privatise the enterprise, as was the case with Eriad Alger. The underdevelopment of the institutional environment, especially corruption, the shortage of technical skills and the lack of adequate market information hampered competition and slowed down effective restructuring. The uncontrollable factors were the trend in the market and the cultural values. The growing market for pharmaceuticals in Algeria was a stimulus for attracting foreign investment in Saidal which consequently encouraged effective restructuring. As for the cultural values, the family and friendship ties, the social responsibility stemming from religious belief, the regional belonging and the legacy of French colonial rule in Algeria played a significant role in the selection and recruitment of managers and workers, in slowing down the progress of shedding workers surplus and in slowing down foreign participation in privatisation. Future research on enterprise restructuring and its determinants in Algeria should be carried out on a larger sample of enterprises with different ownership using quantitative and qualitative research strategies. Research should also explore enterprise restructuring and its determinants in other developing countries which moved to the free market system and in countries which share similar cultural and social structures with Algeria. It is time for researchers to move away from exploring effective and ineffective enterprise restructuring and concentrate more on exploring how partnership with foreign firms, the shortage of technicla skills, the lack of market information and the cultural values, be it religious beliefs, customs of the legacy of colonialism, affect the restructuring behaviour of state, privatised and private enterprises and the determinants of this behaviour.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cilene Cardoso Santana.pdf: 1162491 bytes, checksum: a844620be658c14faf8d2ef2e164a722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the process of privatization in Argentina, specifically in the infrastructure sector, with emphasis on the natural gas industry, which accounts for 50% of the country's energy matrix. After exposing the motivations of policies in the 1990s with this objective, there is a discussion of the main consequences of the withdrawal of state control of resources in the energy sector in the Argentine economy, due to the way this process was conducted, and the picture resulting in particular as regards the regulation of the sector. With the new political landscape of the region, from the early years of this decade, returned to debate the desirability of the state to resume more active roles in the energy sector, in addition to regulatory tasks as part of new development proposals in progress. In the case of Argentina, the Kirchner government has sought to establish new forms of action, even without clear results / A dissertação analisa o processo de privatização na Argentina no setor de infra-estrutura com destaque para a indústria de gás natural, que representa 50% da matriz energética do país. Depois de expor as motivações das políticas aplicadas nos anos 1990 com esse objetivo, é feita uma discussão sobre as principais conseqüências da retirada do Estado no controle dos recursos do setor energético na economia argentina, em decorrência da forma como este processo foi realizado, e o quadro resultante, em especial no que se refere à regulação do setor. Com o novo panorama político da região, a partir dos primeiros anos da década atual, voltou ao debate a conveniência de o Estado retomar papéis mais ativos no setor energético, além das tarefas de regulação, como parte das novas propostas de desenvolvimento em curso. No caso da Argentina, o governo Kirchner procurou definir novas formas de atuação, ainda sem resultados claros

Darbo tikslas. Palyginti darbo sąlygas privačiose ir viešųjų įstaigų klinikinėse laboratorijose. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrime dalyvavo 192 respondentai. 96 respondentai buvo vienos privačios X laboratorijos darbuotojai (penki padaliniai), kiti 96 viešųj�� įstaigų laboratorijų darbuotojai. Atsako dažnis 76,8 proc. Tyrimas atliktas 2007 m. spalio – 2008 m. sausio mėnesiais. Duomenys surinkti anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant kompiuterinį SPSS 13.0 statistinį paketą ir MS Excel. Rezultatai. Darbo aplinkoje su kenksmingomis cheminėmis medžiagomis, susiduria 97,9 proc. viešųjų ir 94,8 proc. privačios laboratorijos darbuotojai. Nepatenkinti darbo apsaugos priemonėmis buvo 55( 57,3 proc.) viešosios laboratorijos darbuotojų ir 25 (26 proc.) privačios laboratorijos darbuotojų. Geresniu užmokesčiu pasižymi privačių laboratorijų darbuotojai (p<0,05), o tai įtakoja ir tai, kad jie rečiau, nei viešųjų laboratorijų darbuotojai galvoja apie darbo keitimą. Didžiausias stresorius darbo aplinkoje buvo atsakomybė, už aliekamą darbą. (viešoje 82,3proc., privačioje 57,3 proc.) Statistiškai patikimiau (p<0,05) didesnę atsakomybę už atliekamą darbą jautė viešųjų laboratorijų darbuotojai. Labiausiai motyvaciją darbui didina atlygis, už padaryta darbą. Dažnesnį nuovargį darbo metu dažniau jaučia privataus sektoriaus darbuotojai, kurį įtakoja, didesni darbo krūviai, pamaininis darbas. Išvados. Privataus sektoriaus laboratorijų darbuotojai uždirba daugiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final Paper Aim: Compare the work conditions in the public and private clinical laboratories. Work Methods: We have taken for the research work 192 respondents: 96 of them were employed in the private X laboratory (five departments) and the other 96 respondents were working in the public laboratories. Answer period 76,8 percent. This research was being run in the duration from the October, 2007 until the January, 2008. The questionnaire data have been gathered anonym. The statistic data analysis were put up by the help of statistical package SPSS and MS Excel. Results. In the environment with the toxic sanitary conditions work 97,9 percent of employees of public laboratories, and 94,8 percent of workers are engaged for the private laboratories. 55 (57,3 percent) of the public laboratories workers were not satisfied with the work protection conditions, and 25 (26 percent) of the private laboratory workers weren’t quite happy about the mentioned matter. A better income is assessable for the private laboratories employees (p<0,05), - this can admit them the more constant post of work than that of the public laboratories workers, who have to change their work therefore. The most ordinary factor of hectic in the environment was set the stressor of responsibility for the accomplished work as follows: 82,3 percent of the public sector respondents, and 57,3 percent of the private laboratories workers. The statistic reliable (p<0,05) responsibility for the work was shown by the... [to full text]

邱俊榮與黃鴻 (2006) 一文在忽略租稅負擔的情況下，探討公營廠商民營化的最適釋股比例問題，文中發現：在開放體系下，廠商邊際成本固定並採Cournot數量競爭，唯在公營廠商生產效率較民營廠商生產效率低時政府才有動機將產業民營化，然而實際上租稅負擔會影響到廠商的有效邊際成本，進而影響其產出決策，最後再影響民營化的最適釋股比例。有鑑於此，本文在邱俊榮與黃鴻 (2006) 一文中導入利潤稅制與公司稅制，別探討此二種稅制的引進如何影響到最適的釋股比例。文中發現：利潤稅的存在將提高政府的最適釋股比例，而且最適釋股比例隨著稅率增加而增加，不過，在利潤稅制下唯在公營廠商生產效率較民營廠商生產效率低時政府才有動機將產業民營化。然而，公司稅對於最適釋股比例影響方向並不明確。比較有趣的是，在公司稅制下即使公營廠商生產效率與民營廠商相同，政府仍有動機將產業民營化，此部份有異於邱俊榮與黃鴻 (2006) 一文所獲致的結果。

This diploma thesis deals with chosen views of human resources management in present state administration and state public enterprise. It is focusing principally on current system that plans needs of employees, their recruitment, adaptation process of new received employees and the Czech Post Office education in České Budějovice. The research via questionnaire was used as the fundamental method for gaining required information of human resources management. Data were analyzed separately for each organization. The further information were gained by the interview, which was not standardized, with the human resources manager of the Czech Post Office. The principal aim was an analysis of procedures and methods of personal work. Further it was investigated how the personal politics operates within the Czech Post Office and Municipal Office nowadays. The next theme was the position of human resources management in our society. Finally there is a proposal for conditions enhancement within some activities of state public enterprise and state administration.