5 Public participation on the decision-making procedure regarding the environment protection is a very important aspect within the building-permitting process. In this thesis, I focus particularly on the public participation in the form of associations through the entire permitting procedure of the structures. The desired goal of this thesis is to analyse the current Czech legislation including with a preview to the international legislation regarding the two fundamental rights: right to information and right to participation. I analyse the actual state of the association participation within the procedure using the relevant case-law. Above all, I aim to the comparison of the current need of such extensive rights to participation against the preservation of the interest of the environment protection and public monitoring function which is definitely important within any procedure. Finally, I am reaching the opinion that the structure-permitting procedure is unnecessarily complicated which can't be a benefit for the public nor the investors. In my opinion, the entire procedure should greatly simplify and the cooperation between the public and the investors should be carried out in a different manner.

Ao se estudar a história do desenvolvimento da participação e do controle social no Brasil, nota-se que a evolução cronológica busca a legalização do direito à participação e ao controle social, conquistado principalmente através dos movimentos sociais organizados a partir da década de 70. Este trabalho analisou a produção científica a respeito da participação e do controle social no setor saúde, no Brasil, no período advindo da Carta Constitucional de 1988, através de artigos indexados na base de dados LILACS, nos últimos dez anos. Para a análise, os artigos foram classificados de acordo com o tema correlacionado com a participação e o controle social. Ao analisar os dados foi possível concluir que apesar do direito de participação e controle social estar garantido pela legislação vigente, o processo para a construção desses direitos caracteriza-se por vários desafios na consolidação do direito à saúde conquistado através da Constituição Cidadã. O aumento do número de espaços formais para essas atividades não garante a qualidade dessa participação. Ou seja, é preciso avaliar se os espaços institucionais têm sido usados para a tomada de decisões em favor dos interesses coletivos, de forma democrática, ou se apenas surgiram novos espaços para a representação de velhos interesses corporativistas e individuais. / The studies of history development of participation and social control at Brazil, say that the chronological evolution is after to legalised the directs for participation and social control, guaranteed, primary, for the socials movements organised from the decade of 70ths. This work analyses the scientific production of respect to the participation and social control in the health area, at Brazil, in the period forward of the Constitutional Letter of 1988, for all the articles available at LILACS’s base, in the last ten years. In order to do this analysis, the documents were separated in the subject of participation and social control and correlated. From analysing the base was possible to assume that, although, the directs of participation and social control are guaranteed for the law, the process of construction of these directs, are characterised by many challenges to the consolidation of directs to the health got from the citizen constitution. Although, there are more formal spaces to those activities, the quality of this participation is not guaranteed. It means, that is necessary to evaluate if those institutional spaces are used to the decision process in favour of the commum interest, in a democratic way, or if only exist new spaces to represent the corporation old interest and individuals ones.

Orientador: Lino Castellani Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:21:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castelan_LiaPolegato_M.pdf: 3388732 bytes, checksum: 086cba9ba22c1a71c9a445567e660117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O Governo Democrático e Popular que assume a gestão do Estado brasileiro a partir de 2003 afirma que os espaços de participação popular são os lugares privilegiados de formulação das Políticas Sociais. No caso do Esporte e Lazer temos a criação das Conferências Nacionais do Esporte (CNE). Porém, observamos que as propostas aprovadas nas Conferências não têm sido implementadas e a pauta prioritária do Governo Federal são os Megaeventos esportivos, que não foram deliberados em nenhum espaço de participação popular. Este trabalho traz elementos de reflexão sobre o alcance das Conferências Nacionais do Esporte como espaço de formulação de política pública da área e em que medida isso se dá. Para tanto analisamos no período de 2003 a 2010 documentos, leis, outros dispositivos políticos e normativos da área de esporte e lazer, entrevistas, questionários, matérias jornalísticas e o Orçamento Federal. Percebemos que as deliberações aprovadas nas Conferências estão presentes em algumas leis, documentos e no texto da Política Nacional do Esporte, porém não estão expressas nos gastos governamentais / Abstract: From 2003, the Democratic and Popular Government, who takes over the management of the Brazilian State, says that the spaces of popular participation are the privileged places for the formulation of social policies. In the case of Sports and Leisure, we create the "Conferência Nacional do Esporte" -CNE- (National Conference of Sports). But, we found that the proposals approved at the Conferences have not been implemented and the priority Agenda of the Federal Government is the mega-events, which were not deliberate on any public participation space. This work brings elements of reflection about the scope of the National Conference of Sports as a space for formulating of Public Policy in this field and the extent to which this occurs. To achieve this purpose, we analyzed, during the period from 2003 to 2010, documents, laws, political, journals and magazines, the Federal Budget and regulatory devices in the area of sport and leisure. We also made some interviews and fill up some questionnaires. We realize that the decisions adopted at the Conference are present in some laws, documents and in the text of the National Sport Policy, however, they are not expressed in government spending / Mestrado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Mestre em Educação Física

A existência de instrumentos de política e gestão ambiental não garantem, por si, a compatibilização do crescimento econômico com a manutenção da qualidade ambiental objetivos estabelecidos pela Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Lei 6.938/81). Uma das razões para essa constatação é a desarticulação entre os instrumentos implementados, bem como a simples não implementação de alguns. Levando-se em consideração a estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Meio Ambiente (SISNAMA) dada pela política nacional, a atuação das instituições competentes é também um fator importante nesse processo, uma vez que estão vinculadas diretamente com as conseqüências práticas do processo decisório. Nesse sentido, a análise dos mecanismos que se relacionam com a inserção da variável ambiental no processo decisório em âmbito municipal, articulada entre as diferentes instituições que o integram, é importante para verificar os aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados à consecução dos objetivos mencionados. Nesse contexto se insere a presente dissertação, realizada com o objetivo de investigar as diferentes práticas que têm envolvido a atuação da sociedade no processo decisório, a partir do estudo dois diferentes canais de participação que se apresentam para a gestão ambiental municipal em São Carlos - SP - o Conselho Municipal do Meio Ambiente de São Carlos (COMDEMA - SC) e o Ministério Público Estadual (MP). Utilizando como referência as distinções de níveis de participação descritos pela literatura, visitas aos órgãos e levantamento documental foram sistematizados os dados a respeito da participação da sociedade ao longo de todo o período de atuação dos agentes investigados, sendo os resultados discutidos à luz da teoria, apontando as dificuldades e oportunidades para o aperfeiçoamento da prática participativa na questão ambiental municipal. / The existence of instruments of environmental policy and management do not ensure, by itself, to reconcile economic growth with the maintenance of environmental quality - goals set by the National Environment Policy of Brazil (Lei 6.938/81). One reason for this finding is the disconnection between the tools implemented, and the simple lack of some. Taking into account the structure of the National Environmental System (SISNAMA) given by national policy, the role of relevant institutions is also an important factor in this process, since they are linked directly with the practical consequences of the decision making process. In this sense, the analysis of the mechanisms that relate to the inclusion of the environmental variable in decision making at the municipal level, articulated between the different institutions that comprise it, it is important to check the positive and negative aspects related to the achievement of the goals mentioned. In this context we present the dissertation, conducted in order to investigate the different practices that have involved the role of society in decision-making, from the study of two different agents that promote participation and are disponible to municipal environmental management in São Carlos - SP - the City Council\'s Environment of São Carlos (COMDEMA - SC) and State Public Prosecutor (MP). Using as reference the distinctions of levels of participation described in the literature, visits to organs and documentary survey were systematized data about the participation of society throughout the period of performance of the agents investigated and those resuoltados discussed in the light of the theory, pointing out the difficulties and opportunities for the improvement of participatory practice in local environmental questions.

O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo empírico com abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo é, a partir do estudo de caso do processo de licenciamento ambiental da Usina Termoelétrica de Canas/SP, compreender concretamente os instrumentos de participação pública disponíveis em sua articulação em um procedimento estabelecido, bem como identificar o potencial e o déficit democrático do processo de licenciamento ambiental. A partir da análise de um caso específico, a dissertação apresenta as relações e as interações sociais que se dão no âmbito de um processo normatizado que tem por finalidade culminar numa deliberação pela administração pública. Para compreender essas relações e interações mediadas por um processo, o trabalho utiliza dados constantes dos trâmites do licenciamento da Usina Termoelétrica de Canas e aqueles obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com atores que participaram desse processo. / This work consists in an empirical study with a qualitative approach which, from the case study of the environmental permitting process of Canas Thermoelectric Plant, aims to understand the public participation instruments available in its articulation with an established procedure, as well as identify the potential and the democratic deficit of the environmental permitting process. From the case study, this work intends to reveal the relationships and social interactions that take place within an standardized process which culminates in a deliberation by the public administration. To understand these relationships and interactions the research uses data from the Canas Thermoelectric Plant environmental permitting process and those obtained by semi-structured interviews carried out with actors who participated in this process.

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Rafael de Brito Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vicente_AlexandreMeloni_M.pdf: 2230181 bytes, checksum: ba205559be02d6ac3b4e95bacd04c731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A disseminação, principalmente a partir da década de 1970 nos países desenvolvidos do ocidente, de procedimentos participativos em diversas áreas, pautados na ideia de amplo engajamento dos cidadãos nos assuntos de interesse da coletividade, e em movimentos de pluralismo e democracia direta minou o modelo tradicional de governança onde os políticos eleitos, com a ajuda de experts reconhecidos, decidem as ações políticas sem maior interferência do público. O lugar da ciência na sociedade se torna cada vez mais problemático. A confiança pública no progresso da ciência e da tecnologia decresce, enquanto as preocupações sobre suas consequências crescem. A própria natureza da sociedade democrática demanda, deste modo, que a Ciência e sua influência estejam sujeitos a rigorosos processos de diálogo e crítica, e as controvérsias em ciência e tecnologia são cada vez mais reconhecidas como questões éticas e morais, e não somente técnicas. É o caso da experimentação animal, tema central deste trabalho. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia, em especial das noções de core set e participação pública, é feita uma análise da legislação do Estado de São Paulo sobre a experimentação animal, visando clarificar quais grupos tiveram seus interesses e reivindicações atendidos, e quais foram ignorados. O estudo serve de base para as considerações teóricas sobre o core set da controvérsia, abordando aspectos como a relação entre a comunidade científica, a camada política e o público leigo, a autoridade da ciência e as estratégias para inclusão/exclusão de grupos. Foi possível concluir que, apesar da diminuição da confiança pública no progresso da ciência e tecnologia, do enfraquecimento da credibilidade da opinião dos experts cientistas e dos crescentes questionamentos sobre as consequências físicas, sociais, éticas e morais da prática científica, a ciência ainda desempenha um papel central na resolução de controvérsias, e a comunidade científica ocupa um lugar privilegiado dentro do core set. Embora o diálogo com membros da sociedade civil seja necessário, a credibilidade e o status social privilegiado dos experts os possibilitam moldar o núcleo decisório de acordo com seus interesses, excluindo os grupos contrários à experimentação animal, e incluindo aqueles de ideologia moderada; mantendo, deste modo, um estável controle sobre a agenda de pesquisa / Abstract: The dissemination, mainly from the 1970s in Western developed countries, of participatory procedures in several areas, guided by the idea of broad citizen engagement on issues of interest to the community, and movements of direct democracy and pluralism, has undermined the traditional governance model where elected politicians, with the help of recognized experts, decide the political actions without interference from the public. The place of science in society becomes increasingly problematic. Public confidence in the progress of science and technology decreases as concerns grow about its consequences. The very nature of a democratic society demands thus that science and its influence are subject to rigorous review and dialogue processes, and controversies in science and technology are increasingly recognized as ethical and moral issues, not just technical. It is the case of animal experimentation, the central issue of this work. Using the theoretical framework of Social Studies of Science and Technology, particularly the concepts of core set and public participation, the work analyses the law of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, about animal experimentation, aiming to clarify which groups had their interests and demands met, and which were ignored. The study serves as basis for theoretical considerations on the core set of the controversy, addressing issues such as the relationship between the scientific community, the lay public and the policy layer, the authority of science and the strategies for inclusion/exclusion of groups. It was possible to conclude that, despite the decline of public confidence in the progress of science and technology, the weakening in the credibility of the expert's opinions, and the growing doubts about the physical, social, moral and ethical consequences of scientific practice, science still plays a central role in the resolution of controversies, and the scientific community occupies a privileged place within the core set. Although the dialogue with members of the civil society is necessary, the expert's credibility and privileged social status allows the scientific community to shape the core set according to its interests, excluding groups opposed to animal experimentation, and including those of moderate ideology; keeping thus a stable control over the research agenda / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Depuis les années 1980, les dispositifs participatifs se sont multipliés de par le monde, sans pour autant qu’ils n’aient permis de démocratiser la vie politique. Alors que l’adoption de tels dispositifs est souvent pensée comme un impératif, en particulier pour les pays en développement et dans le domaine de l’environnement, cette thèse s’applique à expliquer la construction de la participation environnementale en Afrique du Sud, à l’aide d’une démarche visant l’identification des acteurs impliqués, l’analyse de leurs motivations et de la manière dont ils l’influencent. Notre cadre d’analyse propose d’étudier le comportement de catégories d’acteurs au travers de quatre dimensions : la compétition entre acteurs politiques ; le poids des structures administratives ; le profil des prestataires professionnalisés ; les combats des acteurs sociaux. Notre enquête s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs, l’observation de réunions, la littérature grise ainsi que la collecte d’archives. Au terme de notre thèse, nous constatons un faible intérêt des acteurs politiques pour les dispositifs participatifs environnementaux en Afrique du Sud. Cela engendre un manque d’incitation à la prise en compte de la voix du public par les structures administratives, conduisant généralement à une organisation a minima de la participation du public par les consultants, qui ne permet qu’à une minorité de la population sud-africaine de s’exprimer. Des fonctionnaires qui ne sont pas soutenus par les structures administratives avec lesquelles ils devraient collaborer cherchent toutefois à les contourner en s’appuyant sur le public pour mettre en œuvre leur mandat de préservation de l’environnement. Afin de trouver une place sur le marché sud-africain de la participation dominé par des consultants environnementaux, des consultants indépendants choisissent également de se spécialiser dans la participation publique et de favoriser l’organisation de dispositifs participatifs adaptés aux contextes locaux. / Since the 1980s, participatory processes have proliferated all over the world, without having enabled for a democratization of political systems. While the adoption of such processes is often thought has an imperative, in particular for developing countries and in the environmental field, this thesis seeks to explain the construction of environmental participation in South Africa, using an approach aiming at identifying the actors involved, analyzing their motivations and the way in which they influence it. Our analytical framework offers to study the behavior of groups of actors through four dimensions: the competition between political actors; the weight of administrative structures; the profile of professionalized service providers; the struggles of social actors. Our study relies on semi-structured interviews, meetings’ observations, grey literature and the collect of records. At the end of our thesis, we notice little interest from political actors for environmental participatory processes in South Africa. This causes a lack of incentive for administrative structures to take the public voice into account, usually leading to a low-cost organization by consultants, which does only allow for a monitory of the South African population to express itself. Civil servants who do not have the support of administrative structures with which they should collaborate try nonetheless to circumvent them by seeking public support so that they can implement their mandate for environmental preservation. In order to make their way into the South African participation market dominated by environmental consultants, independent consultants also choose to specialize themselves into the public participation field and to favor the organization of participatory processes adapted to the local context.

The need for a sustainable energy supply is widely recognized, as formulated under goal 7 of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Yet, on the local level problems may arise with the implementation of renewable energy systems, such as wind power. Issues around visual intrusion of the landscape, noise and shadow flicker, and concerns over wildlife protections are often in the heart of local resistance to wind power projects. The aim of this thesis is to closely examine the developments for wind power in the city of Euskirchen in Germany, including the planning and decision making processes, with regards to milestones and obstacles encountered over the last two decades. The analysis applies the methodology of a qualitative case study. Furthermore, views and opinions of involved and affected parties are collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysed through the lenses of social acceptance and public participation. Finally, from the examination of the planning and decision making processes and the discovered local attitudes towards wind energy, recommendations will be formulated to guide future wind power developments in the region.

The subject of this dissertation is the process of the Environmental Impact Assessment in relation to the respective European legislation. The dissertation aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of the current Environmental Impact Assessment legislation, including its historical, international and European contexts. The dissertation proceeds in five chapters. Chapter One outlines the general characteristics of the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure and the principles that govern it. Chapter Two examines the development of the Environmental Impact Assessment process in international law, with emphasis on the Aarhus Convention. Chapter Three focuses on the anchoring of the procedure in European law. The core part, then, is Chapter Four, which delineates the separate phases of the Environmental Impact Assessment process as defined in Czech legislation. In the last chapter, the expected changes in the concept of the Environmental Impact Assessment are sketched.

This dissertation investigates the idea of creating an engaging public place by introducing productive activity in a dormant area of Mamelodi where the effects of Pendulum migration and waste accumulation have caused public spaces to become inaccessible and functional only as spaces of departure. The site selection will involve looking for a space with a highly layered construct that captures the essence of what Mamelodi has become overtime. This proposed programme will aid in the investigation of testing whether a dormant space has the potential to inspire transformation and change in the social and public realm of this informal settlement. Through the theoretical premise of Place Making, the investigation will focus on whether social spaces, activity generators, existing contexts and past events could be layered to create a functional public place. The hierarchy and transition of spaces from one to another could allow one to understand the process of change on site, as well as the process of change in terms of waste material that is reused and transformed into something useful. This thesis document explores the idea of a building as a threshold and solvent of different spaces that would normally be split from each other. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted