Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_arnaldo_barbosa.pdf: 4326501 bytes, checksum: 074ad9bf93a2808b11dcf8631ded94a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-19 / The broad aim of this dissertation is critically develop a social and legal analysis of the actual, situation of the political system of imprisonment in the penitentiaries of Brazil. Specifically, the focus of the research is directed toward those people who were condemned to imprisonment through long length sentences, due to have been accused and convicted of serious crimes against individuals, the social order and its security. The hypothesis raised here based upon careful empirical observations is that the State, alone, is weak and unprepared to cope with programs of re-socialization of these people; there is no serious academic and educational strategies directed to help them to reach dignity and professional and social respectability; nor have been introduced effective policies toward a professional training, or re-training, in order to integrate them in industrial or commercial activities. By contrast, what has happened is that prisons have frequently be transformed in a web of delinquence, tying, inside and outside the prisons, criminal leaders and their gangs. So, once they leave prison, (when and if they do) they are again engaged in different types of criminal actions. Objectively, this research tries to conceive a new and revolutionary project, on the basis of establishing agreements between state partners and private ones, concentrating both money, social services, and technologies, able to provide educational and professional means and efforts, not only in order to low the level of criminality, but mainly to create new and more effective alternatives to the prisoners to reach moral, social and professional reintegration within the community, as well as regain their citizenship / Esta dissertação dedica-se ao estudo das consequências da aplicabilidade da pena privativa de liberdade e das condições de possibilidade de legitimá-la, através de propósitos ressocializadores. Parte-se do princípio de que a pena carcerária é um mal que ainda se apresenta necessário, e para tanto não merece total extinção, mas sim significativas reformas. Toma-se como base dessa hipótese a desvinculação dos crimes que atingem bens jurídicos de maior relevância e propostas alternativas de encarceramento. Como fundamento, analisa-se os reflexos do encarceramento e suas diferentes propostas, enquanto medida indutora à reincidência, pretendendo sugerir propostas de modificação dos caminhos que provocam o sempre crescente índice de reincidência, embasando-se na participação da sociedade nos processos de reconstrução da dignidade profissional do apenado e do egresso. Nesse contexto, sugere-se que as parcerias entre o poder público e a iniciativa privada haveriam por emprestar ferramentas hábeis a esse desiderato, sugerindo o estudo e a implementação de estratégias que minimizem os efeitos perniciosos da pena convencional. O propósito último é estabelecer processos interativos que liguem a sociedade ao infrator com vista à inclusão desse último à vida social

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study questions if the advocacy efforts of community based organizations, like community development corporations, voluntary member associations, and community action agencies, can achieve policy development. Policy development is defined as the proposal of a policy by a community based organization. That policy proposal receives the attention of local decision makers for consideration. This study uses the stages of the policy process to assess what coordinated activities are most effective to achieve policy development. It was concluded that community based organizations can achieve policy development, if they identify an issue or problem, conduct some level of strategic planning, create a policy agenda, and seek access to decision makers. In all three case analyses, the hybrid organization, community action agency, and the voluntary member association were able to achieve policy development. This research does not focus on policy impact or evaluation. The goal was to ascertain how effective an organization can be at proposing a solution and receiving the attention of local decision makers. This research explores how organizational development can become the foundation for advocating for issues and achieve policy development. Community based organizations are not only government funded service providers, but also community collaborators and educators who stimulate citizen participation and increase public awareness about social issues. Their role as autonomous service providers puts them in a conundrum because of their funding streams. Since the 1950s, researchers have explored the roles and responsibilities of government-funded service providers. This study provides an overview of the roles of community based organizations and activities that define their political participation. It explores how these organizations mitigate issues to ensure overall community success.

Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE. The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE. The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Freie Univ., Diss.--Berlin, 2006.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administração pública e de Empresas, Rio de Janeiro, 2015. / Bibliografia: p. 106-116. / As concessões e as Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP) são mecanismos cada vez mais utilizados pelo setor público para alavancar os investimentos em infraestrutura no país. Para que haja viabilidade econômica das mesmas, as suas taxas internas de retorno (TIR) apresentam- se como variáveis que precisam refletir os riscos e a realidade do negócio. O presente estudo busca analisar as taxas de retorno utilizadas para a modelagem das tarifas - teto do setor de rodovias federais frente às especificidades do seu mercado. Para tal, são seguidas três frentes: a primeira é analisar a metodologia da taxa de retorno utilizada para a modelagem das concessões mais recentes de rodovias; a segunda é estimar uma taxa de retorno a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica; e a terceira é, por meio de dados de rentabilidade de balanços de concessionárias do setor, observar se as taxas de retorno das primeiras concessões foram devidamente calculadas na época. Na dissertação, concluímos que a atual metodologia da taxa de retorno do Tesouro Nacional pode ser aprimorada, principalmente em relação aos parâmetros de grau de alavancagem e capital de terceiros, e observamos que a taxa de retorno tem se aproximado do custo de oportunidade do setor ao longo das últimas etapas de concessão. O estudo visa contribuir para o debate sobre a rentabilidade dos projetos de infraestrutura rodoviária, em meio a um período de intensos investimentos no setor. / Concessions and Public-Private Partner ships (PPP) are mechanisms increasingly used by the public sector to enhance the investments in infrastructure in Brazil. To achieve economic viability in these projects, their internal rates of return (IRR) are variables which must reflect the risks and reality of the business. The present study seeks to analyse the IRRs used for modeling the price-caps of the federal highways' sector, under the specificities of such market. For this purpose, three approaches are pursued: the first one analyses the methodology of IRR calculation applied for modelling the most recent highway concessions; the second estimates an IRR based on bibliographic research; and the third makes use of data acquired from the balance sheets from the sector's concessionaries, to observe if the IRR for the first concessions of federal highways were propelly calculated at the time. In this dissertation, we concluded that the current National Treasury's methodology of the rate of return can be improved, especially in relation to parameters like leverage and debt, and we observed that the rate of return has come closer to the opportunity cost for the sector throughout the last concession rounds. This study aims to contribute to the debate on the profitability of road infrastructure projects, a midst a period of intense investments in the sector.

The study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the interventions made by the Mogale City Plato mentorship programme to promote growth and sustainability of SMMEs. Though there have been interventions through the Plato mentorship programme to help develop SMMEs, there is still a high failure rate of small businesses in MCLM. The study will therefore evaluate if the Plato mentorship programme achieved its envisaged aim. A structured research instrument (questionnaire) was used to collect data through a self-administered survey. Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents by the researcher, and 100% of the questionnaires were returned for analysis. The results of the study showed that Mogale Plato mentorship programme adds value and advances small businesses and entrepreneurship. The study concluded that owners that took part in the MCLM Plato mentorship programme acknowledged that the programme was effective and increased business performance. The study showed that owners are faced with different challenges in running their businesses, which spoke volumes regarding the effectiveness of the mentorship programme. The findings also revealed that a majority of business owners benefited from the assistance received from MCLM Plato mentorship programme. The study recommends that MCLM sets up an office for mentoring individuals/groups in the municipality. This means that within MCLM, there should be a mentoring office and training twice a month that is aimed at helping business people know how to improve their businesses and manage challenges and take advantage of opportunities around them. The study also recommends that the municipality to create an incubating site for new owners/managers. The new owners/managers could share common services such as secretarial services, bookkeeping, and boardrooms / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

The introduction of PPPs in infrastructure provision has changed the way in which governments around the world now view infrastructure provision. However, the introduction of PPPs to deliver the needed infrastructure has benefited only a few companies. Most of these companies are the big construction firms that possess technological know-how and those that have the financial ability to execute large infrastructure projects. Although SMEs are important for employment creation, inequality and poverty reduction, the participation of SMEs in these PPP projects is very low. This is because PPP models in developing countries are based on those used in developed economies, and such models ignore the socio-economic problems facing developing countries. Therefore, this study argues that PPP projects in developing countries present an opportunity for growing the SME sectors in developing countries. It challenges the viewpoint of seeing infrastructure backlogs only as providing opportunities to big private sector companies and argues that infrastructure backlogs can be used by governments to reduce the triple challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality by linking SMEs to PPP projects. The traditional PPP model that is being applied by many developing countries does not fully encourage the participation of SMEs in PPP projects, as most of the projects executed through this model are bundled into big projects that SMEs cannot execute due to a lack of technological know-how and weak balance sheets. The study therefore suggests different ways in which the participation of SMEs in PPP projects could be improved based on the results of the survey conducted for this study. The study then proposes an “innovative conceptual PPP model for sustainable SME development” that takes into account the needs for developing countries to create jobs, reduce poverty and inequality. It also takes into account all challenges for SMEs identified through the review of literature and the study survey. / Economics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Economics)

Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In 2008, grassroots NGOs formed 13 alliances in response to the need for emergency relief and post-disaster recovery after the Sichuan Earthquake that occurred in West China and killed approximately 87,000 people. These alliances served to raise and deliver relief materials, train and supervise volunteers, promote information sharing, and assist victims with mental health and livelihood recovery. However, all alliances were terminated within less than four years. Although plenty of scholarship discusses how corporate alliances evolve or fail, few studies focus on interorganizational collaboration among nonprofits. To explore how NGOs developed collective actions in China’s adverse sociopolitical environment, the author performed three years of observation in four coalitions and interviewed 60 alliance leaders, employees, and volunteers. This paper identifies four types of termination these NGO alliances experienced: three of them failed at their very births, five self-disbanded shortly after the end of emergency aid, three dissolved due to failed institutionalization, and the remaining two evolved into independent organizations. Tracking their life cycles, this study finds four main factors accountable for their terminations: political pressure, funding shortage, short-term orientation, and leadership failure. In particular, the repressive NGO regulation regime and limited funding sources fundamentally restricted all alliances’ capacity and sustainability. Further, the transient nature of disaster relief efforts and the conflict between disaster management and planned work areas contributed to the short-term orientation among alliance members and, thus, led to the closure of some alliances shortly after they provided emergency relief. In addition, though generally exempt from internal rivalry that often undermines inter-firm partnerships, NGO alliances of all types were confronted with leadership challenges—partner misfits concerning resources, strategy, and mission; flawed governing structures, and undesired individual leadership. The four factors interplayed and led to alliance dissolution through different combinations. The paper points out that, in addition to environmental uncertainty, leadership failure has become a major challenge for nonprofit collaborations.