The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the applicability of the exceptions of vertical (in-house) and horizontal cooperation among contracting authorities within the framework of public procurement law. For this purpose is in the thesis used descriptively analytic approach, which included the valid legislation of public procurement Czech Republic, as well as the relevant directives of European Union, although the focus of the thesis was based on the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the legislative framework of the European Union and the Czech Republic. The second chapter focuses on the basic principles of public procurement law. The third chapter deals with basic concepts and terminology of public procurement law.. The fourth chapter is divided into two major parts. The first part focuses on various factors related to the use of the exemption of vertical cooperation between contracting authorities (participation of private capital in the person of the supplier and contracting authority; the fulfillment of the control criterion and activity criterion; various forms of this exception). The second part is concentrated on the use of exception of horizontal cooperation between contracting...

This master thesis deals with the issue of sustainable diets and the potential of the promotion of sustainable principles in public food procurement. The theme is introduced in broader context of environment, public health, historical development, international influences, significant theoretical approaches and fundamental factors affecting current state of diets and nutrition. The aim of the thesis is to specify universal principles of sustainable diets, which were derived from critical review of scientific literature and other relevant texts. The character of this thesis is dominantly theoretical. Discussing the potential of applying the principles of sustainability from the side of public institutions is the main theme of the second part of the study. The research question is related to the possibilities of local organic food consumption in school food system in Czechia. Main results show problematic combination of the requirements for both organic and local food in the context of the volume of school food demand and relatively small local organic production. In general terms the contribution of this thesis is the introduction of the research issues of geography of food and presenting the possibilities of further research. key words: sustainable diets, nutrition transition, food, organic...

Contrairement aux contrats de droit privé où l'exécution est surtout l'affaire des parties, l'exécution des marchés publics est soumise à des contrôles multiples qui ont proliféré en Tunisie au gré de l'évolution des politiques publiques. Dans une perspective systémique, trois niveaux de contrôle différents mais interdépendants peuvent être distingués : celui exercé par les parties contractantes, celui exercé par des organes plus ou moins dépendants de l'administration, et celui, décisif, exercé par les tribunaux. L'étude des interactions entre ces différents éléments, dans un contexte nouveau caractérisé par l'adoption d'une nouvelle Constitution d'inspiration libérale et par l'adoption d'un nouveau code des marchés publics, aura permis de mettre l'accent sur les tensions qui continuent d'affecter l'équilibre général du système. En dépit du changement de contexte, le système de contrôle demeure en effet essentiellement tourné vers la protection de l'intérêt public. L'incertitude qui continue d'entourer la validité des normes de contrôle issues de l'ordre ancien et les carences du système de recours ne permettent pas aux autorités de contrôle de maintenir la balance entre l'intérêt public et l'intérêt des opérateurs économiques qui acceptent de contracter avec l'administration.À l'heure où s'amorce l'entreprise de refondation des institutions, le législateur et le juge pourraient s'inspirer utilement du mouvement général qui caractérise l'évolution de l'exécution des marchés publics en France, en tant que source principale d'influence du droit tunisien, pour concevoir les solutions qui pourraient mettre fin à l'inefficacité globale du système. / Unlike private law contracts whose implementation system is mainly the responsibility of both parties, the implementation of public procurement contracts is subject to several controls that have proliferated in Tunisia along the evolution of public policies. Following a systemic approach, three different and yet interdependent levels of control can be distinguished: the control exercised by the contracting parties; the control exercised by authorities, which are in a certain extent dependent of the administration; and the, critical one, the control exercised by courts. The study of the interactions between these actors in a context characterized by the adoption of a new liberal Constitution and a new Code of Public Procurements, would make it possible to shed light on the tensions that continue to affect the general equilibrium of the system. The research concluded that, despite the changing context, the control system remains essentially focused on protecting the public interest.The research also concluded that the uncertainty surrounding the validity of the old regime's control norms and the deficiencies of the legal remedies' system remains and does not allow the monitoring authorities to maintain the balance between the public interest and the interests of economic operators contracting with the administration.

Public procurement, as a form of public purchases of goods and services through the private sector, is still an actual topic. The government expenditures that are related to procurement are regulated by the European Union to save public spending, for example by using centralized procurement. This thesis is focused on a concrete, centralized public procurement called, Provision of mobile electronic communication services, in which the capital city of the Czech republic, Prague, acts as a central contracting authority and the city districts of Prague act as subordinate contracting authorities. There is a characteristic of public procurement through a centralized method and based on the case study of the city districts of the capital city of Prague identifying the advantages and disadvantages of using this method and formulating recommendations to the central contracting authority for higher success of the future public procurement.

This graduation thesis "Public Procurement of Local Selfgovernment" describes the problems of public procurement. The core subject is the difficulty to observe the law on public procurement. This work includes a case study that mainly evaluates the process of a specific public procurement carried out by a local selfgovernment and the method used to appraise the bids. In order to obtain further information on public procurement at the municipal level, the paper includes a survey addressed to the public administration. The work concludes with a SWOT analysis on public procurement.

The thesis deals with typical decisions made by contracting entities which restrict the competition among economic operators. The thesis analyses the typical mistakes which are made by the contract entities in awarding procedures. The causes of mistakes being made by contracting entities can be summarized into three groups. Into the first group belong conscious mistakes. For these mistakes shall be contracting entities` agents held responsible. Into the second group belong mistakes in planning. Mistakes from the third group are made as a consequence of lack of professional skills. None of these mistakes can be prevented just by an amendment to the Act on Public Contracts. Any proposal of an amendment solving the lack of professional skills shall consider also all connected negative effects; mainly additional time demands, financial costs and the risk of underfinanced praxis turning into formalism. Professionally skilled agents are usually more careful when they apply the Act on Public Contracts because they are aware of legal risks. Considering current limited budget resources it should be decided whether to put stress on cooperation with internal or external experts. The author recommends internal experts because external experts do not do their best if they are aware of the fact being not controlled effectively by internal experts. However the current Act on Public Contracts is not perfect, the duties laid by it are enforced successfully. Considering a new amendment also the legal theory shall be taken into account. The author presumes similarity of preventing of breaches against the Act on Public Contracts and of preventing of crimes. The most important factor preventing from criminality is to be aware that the punishment is inescapable, not its rates. The author points out also the opinion of the general theory of law according to which a new act is to be passed only if there is an objective necessary need. It should not to be passed by a fortuity or because of subjective views. There should be also a time space between the amendments. There was an amendment to Act on Public Contracts approved in 2010 and European Union currently prepares amending of awarding directives. The author therefore prefers improving the praxis of awarding in the Czech Republic by granting additional human resources to the Office for the Protection of Competition to passing of another amendment to the Act on Public Contracts. The scope of the Act on Public Contracts is also not convenient for amending a list of contract clauses which are not allowed to be concluded by contracting entities. There are two reasons. Contracting entities are constituted by various groups of subjects and contracts selling their property are outside the scope of the Act on Public Contracts. Contracting entities should use standard awarding procedure to promote competition among economic operators. They should concentrate on exactness of tender conditions. A good prevention to mistakes in awarding procedure is also good planning and skilled human recourses of contracting entities.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out the amount of operating costs which is spent on the working of the organizations in public sector in the Czech Republic and to access the possibilities of saving the costs as impact of improving their procurement system of purchasing energy commodities, especially gas and electricity. It also refers to e-auction and commodity exchange as examples of the specific instruments. The practical part contains the survey conducted among organizations of public sector.

This thesis deals with public procurement and the influence of various aspects of the procurement procedure on the degree of competition and efficiency. The main aim of the thesis is to confirm the positive effect of competition and public procurement openness on the final price of the public procurement. This assumption was confirmed by regression analysis of a sufficiently representative sample of below-threshold procurement assigned in the first half of 2013 in the Czech Republic. At the end, the thesis defines certain weaknesses of the procurements.

The thesis discusses very actual issues concerning the management of the 3E principle in decisions related to the public funds expenditure decisions, especially in context of EU funding, and expands on the problems and deficiencies in the actual system of publicly funded procurement and related control. In the theoretical part, the thesis provides an insight into the basic terms and the relevant theoretical, legislative and methodological framework. The practical part then analyzes and assesses the conclusions of a review of 33 publicly funded projects financed both from EU funds and/or the national budget, in a cumulated value of 11.3 billion CZK. Further on, the thesis detects fraudulent schemes occurring repeatedly in the mentioned population of reviewed projects which are then categorized by the author. In the thesis's conclusion the author defines public funding fraud detection methods and delimits several proposals and recommendations on how to amend the identified deficiencies, both on the system and organizational levels.

The main object of this thesis is to estimate the waste in public procurement in Slovakia and estimate its active and passive components. The first part offers a theoretical explanation of legislation related to public procurement, as well as a theoretical explanation of active and passive waste. In the next section there is a brief description of similar study, which estimated the waste of public procurement in Italy. In the second part, which is empirical, there is a analysis of the results of public contracts related to construction work. Data were obtained from the electronic database of Public Procurement Office in Slovakia. From these data I created a regression model obtained by the method of least squares. The aim was to determine the truth of the hypothesis that if the contracts awarded through the procurement of external agencies, the procurement process becomes more efficient. The analysis did not confirm the truth of this hypothesis and thus I could not estimate the amount of passive and active waste. The results obtained from regression analysis were then used to estimate the amount of waste in the case of public procurement related to construction of residential buildings, reconstruction of schools and the revitalization of public spaces, when the public purchaser was the city or village. This analysis also estimates the percentage of the waste of public procurement, when process of public procurement was supervised by external procurement agencies.