Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur lärare på Hantverksprogrammets Frisörinriktning uppfattar och arbetar med elevinflytande för att skapa mening i undervisningen. Arbetet begränsades och preciserades genom följande frågeställning: Vilka aspekter av elevinflytande ges av lärarna till eleverna? Vilka faktorer påverkar elevinflytandet enligt lärarna? Arbetet har en kvalitativ ansats där lärare från Frisörinriktningen på Hantverksprogrammet ger sin syn på elevinflytande. Materialet insamlades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare verksamma på Frisörinriktningen och transkriberas utifrån en basmodell av Linell för att analyseras utifrån en teoretisk grund vilande på Dewey. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att lärare arbetar på liknande sätt med att involvera sina elever i elevinflytande i skolan oavsett om de undervisar i så kallade praktiska eller teoretiskt klassade ämnen. Undersökningen visar att det avgörande för elevinflytandet är viljan hos lärarna i kombination med elevernas vana att ta ansvar och av att ha fått utöva elevinflytande från tidigare stadier. Eleverna får i undersökningen mer inflytande i klassrumsfrågor än på de övergripande skolfrågorna. Slutsatser: För att elevinflytande skall vara möjligt krävs det att läraren är positivt inställd och lämnar plats och avsätter tid för eleverna. Samt att eleverna tar vara på sin möjlighet och har förståelse för varför de bör utnyttja sin rätt att involvera sitt elevinflytande över skolarbetet.

This essay is a study about the school introduction of immigrant pupils in the Swedish compulsory school. The purpose if this study is to examine the organisation municipal school introduction for immigrant pupils in the compulsory school in Södertälje. The method I have used is qualitative research method which depends on interviews and analysis of documents. The result shows that the municipal is without a plan for the school introduction of the immigrant pupils and that the individual compulsory school has the main responsibility for the school introduction of the immigrant pupils. The result also shows that there is a need of increased teaching of mother tongue. There is also a need of competence development within intercultural pedagogy. My conclusions are that a municipal plan for the school introduction of immigrant pupils should increase the immigrant pupils’ possibility to a shorter time of introduction to the compulsory school.

Syftet med det här arbetet är att få en insyn i vad förskolebarn har för tankar om de frågor som berör döden. Frågeställningen som besvaras är: ”Vad har förskolebarn för tankar om döden?” Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med tio förskolebarn i åldrarna fyra till sex år vilka ligger till grund för undersökningen i arbetet. Även teckningar av barnen som förtydligar deras tankar ingår i undersökningen. Förskolebarnen tillhör samma förskola i Värmland. Det som sägs i intervjuerna kan inte generaliseras att gälla alla förskolebarn, utan gäller enbart för de förskolebarn som intervjuerna är utförda med. Undersökningsresultatet påvisar att förskolebarn har en öppen syn på döden. Barnen har haft tankar om det mesta som berör ämnet. Deras teckningar visade också en bred variation av tolkningar av döden. / The purpose of this thesis is to gain an insight into pre-school pupils’ thoughts concerning death. The question at issue is: “What thoughts do pre-school pupils have concerning death”? Qualitative interviews have been done with ten pre-school pupils of four to six years of age which are the foundation of this work. Drawings by the children that clarify their thoughts are also included in the thesis. The pupils all go to the same pre-school in Värmland. Everything that is said in the interviews is only applicable to the pre-school pupils that have been interviewed and can not be generalized to apply to other pre-school children. This thesis proves that pre-school pupils have an open mind regarding death. The children have had a wide range of thoughts on the subject. Their drawings also showed a wide range of interpretations regarding death.

Marks do not only work as an acknowledge of the effort that has been made under a long period of time, but also as a receipt for eligibility to further studies. Within the political debate, marks have often caused a big discussion among the political parties. That is due to the obvious difference between the political parties on the left, and their counterparts on the right. However, there is one thing that they all have in common. Everyone of them have plans of measure within their political agenda, regarding the use of marks. The aim of this study has been to try to understand the way pupils think about marks. We have conducted a survey and several interviews with pupils from the final classes in the 9-year compulsory school to find out their experiences of the marks and how it affects them. According to our study, marks affects pupils in several different ways, both in a positive and a negative way. Some pupils feel stress or pressure, others gets motivated, and some might feel happy or depressed when they receive their marks. Regardless of what feeling the pupils have, one thing is for sure, marks do affect them in one way or another.

In this study I will find out which thoughts and alternative conceptions pupils have about photosynthesis, decomposing and breeding. The method used was qualitative semi-structured interviews with pupils in preschool class and in the third grade. They were interviewed about what a flower needs in order to live, die and to propagate themselves. The result shows that the students have alternative conceptions about these issues. There are no big differences in the notions of the average classes. There is a relation between the children’s way of living and their notions. The result shows that all 17 pupils know that the flowers need water and soil. Half of them know that it also needs sun. But only 2 pupils know that the flowers need sugar to live.

The objective of this literature study was to describe how the school nurse can adopt the salutogenic perspective in her health promoting work. The articles were examined in order to identify what was written about the school nurse’s work from the salutogenic perspective. In parallel, Eriksson’s, Orem’s, and Newman’s nursing theories were examined from the same perspective. Health promotion enables people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Aaron Antonovsky coined the term salutogenesis to describe why certain people can stay healthy despite stressful situations, and even grow and develop. The concept “sense of coherence” (SOC) is an important factor in this context. The Salutogenic model was a new way to develop knowledge in nursing. As caregivers capable of structuring life experiences and providing health information and services, nurses can foster and strengthen SOC. Salutogenesis promoted the understanding and the identification of factors relevant to child protection. It was also found that many factors, e.g., gender, lifestyle, habits and school climate correlated with SOC. The study showed a strong support for adopting the Salutogenic model in school health work, and that nursing theories can be used as analytical tools in the application of this model in practice.

The main purpose of this study was to shed light upon several questions regarding co -operation between the home and school, based upon earlier research and empirical studies. The study focused on the opportunities and drawbacks as well as on the motives for home and school cooperation. The first section deals with the questions at issues, and the bases the dissertation was dealt with. The second part covers the empirical studies which were carried out within the first three years of the primary school, and in the third part the limitations, most important results, and future research were discussed. The aim of the first section was to identify the starting points for the study, based on earlier research, and to review, via the main body of the study, how co-operation between the home and the school developed. An analysis of the review suggested that the goal formulations of the main body of the paper allowed for opportunities for home and school collaboration. Not only had interesting possibilities come to light, throughout the earlier research, but so too, a number of problems concerning the concrete collaboration between home and school. An very important conclusion, as a result of this review focused on the importance of proceeding from the unit that a class of pupils, parents and teachers represents. The purpose of the empirical studies was to describe and to try to understand why co-operation between home and school developed as it did. A longitudinal study was carried out by means of on-site research in the primary school itself, among pupils in years 1-3. This was proceeded by questionnaires and prestudies of selected classes. The data was collected mainly by means of questionnaires, interviews and written documents. The results showed that parents could function as a valuable resource within the work of the school and that it was relatively easy to take advantage of them, as such. It became clear that pupils, parents and teachers were extremely inventive and resourceful with regard to ideas on cooperation, and indeed on carrying through those ideas. Parents saw themselves and other parents as an important resource for the work of the school. The teacher emerged as a key figure for intensified collaboration. In the concluding discussion the results from the microlevel formed the starting point for the discussion concerning the context of cooperation between home and school at the macrolevel. As a conclusion, the discussion was about collaboration between home and school in terms of some of the effects of cooperation opportunities and obstacles, the interest shown by parents together with the content and forms of collaboration. Here it was pointed out that an important condition for achieving society's objectives was that pupils, parents and teachers together should interpret this in order to connect them to the cultural economic and social reality that was relevant to that particular class. / digitalisering@umu

Ability grouping has become increasingly common in the teaching of English in Swedish secondary schools. This study was concerned with the effects of different group constellations on the more able pupils. The research questions involved the able pupils’ performance, their roles in mixed-ability groups and whether the learning environment is better for them when they work with other able pupils. The study used discourse analysis of group interaction in the target language between pupils in year eight. It was found that able pupils perform according to their pre-defined skill, regardless of what groups they were put in. They also supported and lifted the interaction to higher levels in mixed-ability groups. Finally, the results suggested that able pupils might have a greater chance to develop their English in tracked groups. It is argued that this has implications for the implementation of ability grouping in the teaching of second languages in Sweden.

The purpose of this study is to understand how teachers in the preparatory class and regular class, in the meeting with newly arrived pupils, plan and carry out their teaching. This in order to facilitate social interaction and learning in the classroom, from an intercultural perspective. The examination was conducted through interviews with four teachers from the schools that I selected. The teachers gave their perspective on their approach to newly arrived pupils, through interviews. The result shows that the teachers have ambitions to start from the newly arrived pupils' own ideas and from their prior knowledge. They use these aspects as a starting point in the child's continued learning. You can see the tendencies of the intercultural approach in education that involves respectful responses that relate to the pupils' background, life and knowledge. The intercultural approach that largely pervades the teaching of the researched school allows the newly arrived pupils to have access to a school that accepts and respects them. The conclusion is that when these teachers educate, they use various teaching methods and they also offer each pupil the opportunity to gain knowledge and feel socially included. Teaching strategies that benefit the newly arrived pupils and that includes the pupil both educationally and socially in the classroom, has been described by every teacher. And the result shows that each pupil has individual abilities and needs for learning. The newly arrived pupils are included in the regular classroom with the other pupils, but yet they are excluded from the regular lessons because of teacher's teaching strategies that can be seen as flawed from an intercultural perspective. This result shows that the newly arrived pupils are prevented from participating in the didactic and the social inclusion in the regular classroom with the other pupils, which also can result in them falling outside and pointed out as different.

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