Social media is a big part of a millennial's life. It is where they communicate with their friends and share experiences. Companies know this and are subsequently trying to reach consumers on social media with their advertising. However, millennials are not highly affected by advertising but care a lot about what other people think and feel about products. The millennial generation is the adult generation that is using social media the most and is also one of the biggest consumer bases in e-commerce. This means that companies need to adapt and try new ways to reach these consumers. This thesis will therefore explore and describe if advertising on social media influences millennials purchasing behavior via Electronic Word Of Mouth (EWOM) rather than having a direct effect on their purchasing behavior. The research question that will fulfill the purpose is "Does advertising on social media influence millennials purchasing behavior via EWOM?". To achieve results and answer the research question, a literature review was conducted and complemented with a self-administered, internet questionnaire. The results show that there seems to be a correlation between millennials seeing advertising on social media and starting to search for more information about the product through EWOM before making a purchasing decision

No final do século XX, observa-se uma tendência mundial de desestatização dos serviços públicos prestados diretamente pelo Estado, que se mostrava ineficiente em atender adequadamente às necessidades básicas dos cidadãos. Seguindo essa tendência, o setor elétrico brasileiro que acumulava dívidas bilionárias passou por uma completa reformulação a partir dos anos 90, consistente em um amplo processo de desestatização, com a desverticalização das atividades de geração, distribuição, transmissão e comercialização e a criação de mecanismos regulatórios de eficiência e competição. Com a criação do segmento de comercialização, os serviços de energia elétrica que eram prestados sob o regime público passaram a ser prestados também pela iniciativa privada, por meio de contratos de compra e venda de energia elétrica. Em que pese parte da doutrina clássica administrativista negar o regime privado aplicável aos serviços de energia elétrica, o presente estudo demonstra o caráter privado dos contratos de compra e venda de energia elétrica celebrados no Ambiente Livre de Contratação. Após convalidar a tese de constitucionalidade da comercialização de energia elétrica sob o prisma do direito privado, conclui-se que a energia elétrica tem natureza jurídica de bem móvel e pode perfeitamente ser objeto de contratos privados de compra e venda, com forte regulação estatal, considerando o interesse coletivo subjacente a esse bem considerado essencial. Sob a ótica do direito privado, analisamos os elementos essenciais que compõem o contrato de compra e venda e sua adequação à comercialização da energia elétrica para, ao final, corroborar a tese de que a energia elétrica é objeto de contratos privados e como tal devem ser respeitados e resistir às investidas dos Poderes legislativo, regulatório e judiciário na tentativa de desnaturar elementos desse tipo contratual. / At the end of the twentieth century, there was a global trend of privatizing public services that were rendered directly by the State, who was inefficient at addressing properly the citizens\' basic needs. Following such trend, the Brazilian electric sector, that had a billionaire debt, went through a complete restructure in the 90\'s that resulted in the privatization of the electricity generation, transmission, distribution and trading activities, as well as in the creation of regulatory mechanisms that incentivized efficiency and competition. By creating the trading activities, the electricity services that were rendered exclusively under a public regime started being rendered also by private parties, through power purchase agreements. Although part of the classic doctrine denies that the private regime may be applicable to the electricity services, this study shows that power purchase agreements executed in the Free Purchasing Environment are private. After confirming the theory that trading electricity under the private regime is constitutional, I conclude that electricity is a movable good and may perfectly be subject of private power purchase agreements, with a strong state regulation due to the public interest and essential characteristic of such good. Under the private law approach, I analyzed the basic elements of a power purchase agreement so as to, at the end, confirm the theory that electricity may be traded under private agreements and, as such, must prevail to any action of the Legislative, Regulatory and Judiciary Powers, against the elements of this kind of contract.

Date:                             04 June 2018 Level:                            Master Thesis in International Marketing, 15 ECTS Institution:                     School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors:                       Anastasiadou, Elena                       Meier, Philip                                       (94/05/25)                            (88/03/11) Title:                              Cross-border Online Purchase Intent: An Investigation of CSR-conscious Young Adults Supervisor:                   Emilia Rovira Keywords:                   Online purchase intent, international online vendors, corporate                                      social responsibility, technology acceptance model, Ikea Research Question:     What factors affect the online purchase intent of CSR-conscious young adults buying from IOVs and how? Purpose:                       With the worldwide increasing access and usage of the Internet, cross-border shopping has emerged as an online trend, especially amongst young adults. Simultaneously, CSR-consciousness has spread rapidly around the globe. Consequently, it is this study’s purpose to gain a deeper understanding of factors influencing CSR-conscious young adults’ cross-border online purchase intent. Method:                         For the sake of reaching a deeper understanding of factors influencing online purchase intent this study applies qualitative research methods. Primary empirical data is collected via focus group interviews. In order to introduce a relatable online shopping scenario to the interviewees, the investigators present the interviewees with a case company during focus group sessions. Ikea’s online store is chosen as a case, since Ikea is a well-known IOV engaging in CSR practices. Lastly, the empirical findings are assessed by doing a thematic analysis. Conclusion:                  The conceptual model (see Figure 3. OPIM) proves to be suitable for exploring cross-border online purchase intent of CSR-conscious young adults, as each element appears to play a vital role in understanding influences on behavioural intention to purchase products or services online. With the help of the OPIM, several contributions could be made in this particular field of research. Firstly, this study uncovered a relationship between company size and CSR-conscious young adults’ trust, as part of their perceived quality. The relation is negative when investigating at the trust towards CSR promises but positive when looking at trust towards payment procedures. Secondly, non-monetary sacrifices, stemming from IOVs’ intangible nature, have a strong negative impact on the behavioural intention to purchase goods and services online, while comparing it to physical store counterparts. Thirdly, the investigators discovered how convenience and flexibility concerns lower potential customers’ perceived usefulness of IOVs. Fourthly, IOVs need to positively influence subjective norms and tailor online loyalty programs to increase potential customers’ commitment to purchase their products and services online. Lastly, this study finds that the level of satisfaction with a given online purchase is part of a mental re-evaluation process that directly influences potential future purchases.   Abbreviations:              B2B:             Business to Business Relationship                                  B2C:             Business to Consumer Relationship                                      CSR:                       Corporate Social Responsibility                                      IOV:             International Online Vendor                                      IS:                Information Systems                                       IT:                 Information Technology             OPIM: Online Purchase Intent Model            TAM:               Technology Acceptance Model

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 13 / Nenhuma / Estudos publicados em respeitáveis periódicos internacionais relacionam o construto Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) com o comportamento dos consumidores, mais especificamente em relação a sua Atitude em relação à Empresa (AE) e a sua Intenção de Compra (IC) em relação aos produtos desta mesma empresa (BROWN; DACIN, 1997; ELLEN; MOHR; WEBB, 2000; ELLEN; WEBB; MOHR, 2006; LICHTENSTEIN; DRUMWRIGHT; BRAIG, 2004; MOHR; WEBB, 2005; SEN; BHATTACHARYA, 2001). Esta análise vem predominantemente ocorrendo de forma experimental. Assim, neste estudo, apresentam-se os resultados dos efeitos da RSC sobre a AE e a IC, além de verificar de forma individual e, em conjunto com a RSC, o efeito da influência de outras variáveis, as moderadoras (domínio, preço, comportamento socialmente responsável do consumidor, envolvimento e a identificação entre o consumidor e a empresa), sobre estas. Seguindo a tendência identificada nas principais pesquisas relacionadas ao tema, esta também foi realizada de forma experimental em / Studies published in renowned international journals relate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) construct to consumer behavior, more specifically regarding consumer Attitude towards the Company (AC) and Purchase Intention (PI) regarding products sold by such company (BROWN; DACIN, 1997; ELLEN; MOHR; WEBB, 2000; ELLEN; WEBB; MOHR, 2006; LICHTENSTEIN; DRUMWRIGHT; BRAIG, 2004; MOHR; WEBB, 2005; SEN; BHATTACHARYA, 2001). This kind of analysis has been mostly carried out in as an experiment. Thus, in this study we present the results of the effects of CSR on AC and PI, as well as we check, separately and in connection with CSR, the effect of the influence of the so called "moderators" (domain, price, consumer socially responsible behavior, involvement and consumer-company identification) on them. Following the trend identified by the main researches on the theme, this study was also performed on an experimental basis. Consumers-students interacted with: domain (environmental, internal and external), CSR level (h

Titel: Från eWOM till köpintention – En studie om hur valens och argumentkvalitet i en recension påverkar konsumentens köpintention  Nivå: C-uppsats, examensarbete i ämnet företagsekonomi  Författare: Tobias Fält & Viktor Hamwi  Handledare: Jonas Kågström  Datum: 2019 - januari  Syfte: Syftet är att analysera vilken roll valens och argumentkvalitet i en restaurangs onlinerecensioner har för påverkan på konsumentens köpintention. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en webbaserad enkätundersökning som grund för det insamlade materialet. Den webbaserade enkätundersökningen samlade in totalt 157 svar från respondenter. Därefter analyserades de insamlade svaren i SPSS där deskriptiv analys, korrelationsanalys, faktoranalys, t-test och klusteranalys genomfördes. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet av studien visar att valens har en direkt påverkan på konsumentens köpintention. Vidare visade resultatet att negativa recensioner har en större påverkan på konsumentens beteendemässiga intention än positiva recensioner, vilket styrker forskningen som påvisar att negativitetseffekten är aktuell. Studien fann också att argumentkvalitet inte har en signifikant påverkan på köpintentionen.  Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen bidrar till den befintliga forskningen genom att styrka att negativitetseffekten gäller även för restauranger, vilket belyser vikten i att behandla negativa recensioner då de kan spela en roll i restaurangens rykte och försäljning.  Förslag till vidare forskning: Vi ser gärna att framtida studier fokuserar på samma ämne, men med fler respondenter då vi inte fann något statistiskt samband mellan köpintention och argumentkvalitet. Framtida studier bör även fokusera på liknande tjänster då vi ser en överrepresentation av produkter som forskningsunderlag i denna typ av undersökningar.  Nyckelord: eWOM, recensioner, köpintention, valens, argumentkvalitet. / Title: From eWOM to purchase intention – A study of how valence and argument quality in a review effects a consumer`s purchase intention  Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degrees in Business Administration  Author: Tobias Fält & Viktor Hamwi Supervisor: Jonas Kågström Date: 2019 - January   Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of valence and argument quality on restaurants online reviews, and its impact on customers purchase intention. Method: This paper used a quantitative research method with a web-based survey as the basis for the collected material. The web-based survey collected a total of 157 responses from respondents. The collected answers were later analyzed in SPSS where descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis, t-test and a cluster analyses were performed. Results and conclusion: The results show that valence has a direct impact on the consumer purchase intention. Furthermore, the results show that negative reviews have a greater effect on the consumer behavioral intention than positive reviews, which strengthens previous studies that show the relevance of the negativity effect. The study also shows that argument quality does not have a significant effect on the consumer’s purchasing intention.  Contribution: This study has contributed to previous research by demonstrating that the negativity effect is applied to restaurants as well, which shows the importance of addressing negative reviews as they can have an impact on a restaurant’s reputation and sales.    Further Research: We would like to see future studies focusing on the same subject, but with a larger number of respondents as seen as we could not find a statistical connection between purchasing intention and argument quality. Future studies should also focus on similar services since we see an overrepresentation of products as subject of examination in this field. Keywords: eWOM, reviews, purchase intention, valence, argument quality

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Henrique Laranjeira Barbosa.pdf: 473669 bytes, checksum: 886efe3190d09f7b71b642b9d46db20e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / This paper have as it main topic the discussion about succession in asset purchase acquisitions with goodwill. It starts with the presentation of the subject within its economic background. After, it shows the definition of succession under the private law theory and its consequences in the market for corporate control. It appears that under the Brazilian law there are two legal doctrines of the institute. The first is established by the Civil Code, taken here as the general successor doctrine. The second, defined by the provisions of the Bankruptcy law is the special successor doctrine. Finally, the work concludes with a critique of both doctrines / A presente dissertação tem como escopo a discussão da sucessão empresarial na alienação do estabelecimento empresarial. Inicia-se o debate apresentando o assunto em seu contexto econômico. Após, passa-se à análise da definição de sucessão empresarial, com base na teoria geral do direito privado, mostrando-se, logo em seguida, o impacto que tem sobre o mercado de empresas. Verifica-se que no direito positivo brasileiro existe dois regimes jurídicos distintos do instituto. O primeiro tratase daquele estabelecido pelas regras jurídicas do Código Civil, tido neste trabalho como regime geral da sucessão empresarial. Já o segundo, definido pelas disposições da Lei de Recuperação de Empresas e Falência, é o regime especial da sucessão empresarial. Por derradeiro, conclui-se o trabalho com uma crítica a ambos os regimes

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os papéis na compra de interruptores de luz por clientes finais e identificar as influências desses papéis e como ocorrem. O método utilizado foi dividido em duas fases, a primeira com abordagem qualitativa e a segunda com abordagem quantitativa. Inicialmente foram feitas entrevistas em profundidade com consumidores e profissionais da área, com o objetivo de identificar quais os tipos de papéis que ocorrem durante a compra de interruptores e identificar os influenciadores. O segundo passo foi uma survey, sendo entrevistadas 1.013 pessoas divididas nas cinco regiões do país, Região Centro Oeste, Nordeste, Sul, Norte e Sudeste. Foram identificados cinco papéis de compra e sete influenciadores desse processo. Os resultados da pesquisa quantitativa foram analisados com análises univariadas e multivariadas. As análises indicam que os compradores adquirem interruptores para outros usuários, mas a grande maioria deles adquirem o produto para uso próprio e são responsáveis pela compra e pelo pagamento do produto. Os resultados também indicam que as pessoas próximas são os maiores influenciadores. Espera-se que com os resultados obtidos esse trabalho possa contribuir para executivos e empresas do setor elétrico na tomada de decisões. / The present paper has the objective to identify which are the final consumers purchase roles of light switches and identify the influences about this roles and how it occurs. The analysis method was dividing in two steps, the first with a qualitative approach and the second with a quantitative approach. First of all, had been made depth interviews with consumers and professionals from the area, with the objective to identify the influencers. After that, a survey has been made, 1.013 people were interviewed and divided at five regions of the country, Midwest region, Northeast, South, North and Southeast. Were identified five purchase roles and seven influencers of this process. The quantitative research results were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis. The analysis indicate that the buyers also buy the light switches for other users, but the majority buy the product for own use and is responsible for the purchase and the product payment. The results also indicate that, in general, close people are the major influencers. With the obtained results throw crossing and the performed analyses, the expectations with this paper is contribute with executives and companies of the area on theirs decision-making.

During the last year there has been a globalization of trade. Because of the development ofmore sophisticated information's - and communication technology the boundaries and thephysical distance have been smeared out between company as well as countries. Furthermoreit generates that many companies have restructured to global value chains. Because of theincreased access the marketplace has become harder and more competitive than ever.Since the customers nowadays have more access to product information the consume patternsand behaviour has been changed. Through the increased knowledge the consumers requiresmore of the products. Today’s consumers values not only prise and quality but are alsodemanding quality products which are tailored to individual needs and tastes. Companiesfocus has changed from price to the ability to quickly respond on new trends and customerdemands. Fashion companies in the textile sector appear on a complex and unpredictablemarket where new trends and the demand shifts quickly. In order to be competitive on themarket the companies need to renew their range of fashion products several times in season.Fashion goods have a short life-cycle, measured in months or even weeks. Fashion productshave become a consumable and embarrassed in the concept fast fashion. Management of aneffective purchase process is therefore very important in order to meet the requirement onhaving the right product, in right quality, in right quantity at the right time.The purpose of the thesis are to investigate, describe and analyze the connection between thecase companies H&M and Zara´s different ways of deliver fast fashion in relation toward theconsumers understanding of them as a trend conductive on the market.In our paper we have been using a hermeneutist perspective. We have interpreted thecollected material, sow as responders attitudes about the case companies purchasingstrategies. The approach has been adductive and then we have been waged from bothcollected theory and empiric materials. The collected empiric material endure in a qualitativequestionnaire survey that lies to shallow for our analysis and conclusion. In the essay has boththe secondary and primary data compliments each other in order to achieve the study's aimand to answer to our problem wording.Through our analysis, we can come to the conclusion that the customers' view about Zara andH&M´s ability to deliver a fast fashion is very even in that sense that no company was beingidentified as better than the other. We can also make the conclusion that the customers'assumptions not only come from the products visible in store, but also from their own attitudetowards fashion and the company's accessibility and interaction with the customer. Anotherconclusion was that one of the most important attributes is a product fashion degree and that itis important that companies can apply a ”quick response” strategy in order to be successful onfashion the market. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

O gerenciamento dos custos com a compra de energia elétrica para atendimento do mercado consumidor é um assunto que assumiu, nos últimos anos, papel relevante nas distribuidoras. Este fenômeno pode ser explicado pela crescente participação dos custos de energia comprada, para suprimento do mercado cativo, no desempenho operacional dessas empresas, bem como pelas recentes alterações na regulamentação que agregaram ao processo da compra a necessidade de um altíssimo nível de assertividade. Considerando a existência de uma lacuna na literatura da área, a despeito de trabalhos que tratam do entendimento e gerenciamento do repasse dos custos com a compra de energia elétrica pelas distribuidoras e da análise de riscos associados às incertezas pertinentes ao processo, propõe-se, neste trabalho, uma metodologia para representar os custos com a compra de energia elétrica no fluxo de caixa da distribuidora, assim como modelo que auxilie no gerenciamento dos riscos associados aos desvios das variáveis que compõem o processo, em relação a um cenário de referência. Para tanto, são apresentadas, através de equações, as regras de repasse com a aquisição de energia elétrica para a tarifa de fornecimento do consumidor final e uma metodologia empírica para análise de risco baseada em modelagem estatística, com o suporte de modelos econométricos, permitindo uma varredura de cenários plausíveis via simulação Monte Carlo. Com isso, para uma compra energia que atenda às necessidades de consumo de uma distribuidora ao longo de um ano, tal modelo deve ser capaz de informar a disponibilidade de caixa da empresa para fazer frente às despesas com a compra de energia em determinada data futura ou, ainda, deve ser capaz de permitir a avaliação do valor presente resultante dos desembolsos versus recebimentos ao final do período de repasse, aferidos através de metodologia com enfoque probabilístico. / The management of the costs related to electric energy purchase to supply the market is an issue that assumed, in the last years, a relevant role in the distribution companies. This phenomenon may be explained by the increasing participation of the quoted costs in the operational performance of such companies and by the recent changes in the rules which brought to the energy acquisition process a need of very high assertiveness. Considering the existence of an important gap in the area literature, in despite of papers which approach the understanding and management of cost pass through with electric energy purchase by the distributors, and the risk analysis connected to the uncertainties relevant to the process, in this work it is developed a new methodology to represent the costs with electric energy purchase in the distributors cash flow, as well as a model that helps in the management of risks related to the variable changes in relation to a reference scenario for the whole process. In this way, the energy supply costs pass through rules are presented with the aid of mathematical equations, as well as an empirical methodology is proposed, taking advantage of statistical and econometric models, in order to making feasible a Monte Carlo simulation aiming at screening the universe of scenarios that could happen in real life. Furthermore, giving the energy supply costs throughout one year, the model should be capable to forecast the company cash available to face these costs in a certain future date and, besides that, the model should be capable to calculate the present value arising from the disbursement versus the receipts along the time, till the end of the pass through period, in a probabilistic focus.

The long-standing concept of risk management in the financial sector has attracted more attention after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. In the context of ship finance, marine insurance has proven itself to be an effective tool to transfer certain shipping risks to insurers who are not directly involved in the ship finance projects. This thesis provides original suggestions concerning the role of marine insurance in ship finance, combining a financial perspective, an insurance perspective and a legal perspective. Marine insurance is a key risk management technique that fits into the general risk management process adopted by ship financiers. However, it is not necessarily the most appropriate technique in every particular case due to its limitations and costs. As a result, insurance gaps are identified to assist financiers in optimising the use of marine insurance and to help insurers to spot business opportunities. Marine insurance is a contract which is to be governed by and construed in accordance with the law. At the same time, marine insurance is a contract rather than a guarantee: if something goes wrong in the ship finance package and there is a marine policy, it should not be assumed that the policy represents money in the bank. Things can go wrong under the policy: apart from the legal risks relating to claims under the policy, the law itself may be a risk. In the context of ship finance, the risk transfer is not the only role of marine insurance. Other roles include, inter alia, reducing capital costs, improving the liquidity of shipowners and shipbuilders, and providing peace of mind for ship financiers. Nevertheless, such roles can only be created and sustained if the insurance contracts are carefully drafted and the legal risks are properly managed. The intention has been to state the law as it stands on October 28, 2017.