Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Socio-economic changes in the City of Polokwane have compelled many unemployed people to start street trading. Street trading is fraught with many challenges, such as lack of transportation, physical infrastructure, and access for funding, change of local municipality by-laws, lack of support and other related economic development issues. This study is concerned with the factors that hamper the development of street trading, economic growth and development in the City of Polokwane. The study tried to develop effective strategies that will enhance the capacity of street traders and change the perception of stakeholders to support street trading. In this study, a mixed research design was used to investigate the impact of street trading towards economic development in the area of the study. This study also used context-focus of the City of Polokwane as its springboard in engaging in this sometime daunting subject. Surely, with all the changes in the current socio- economic development, there is a need to review the impact of street trading towards economic development in the City of Polokwane. As stipulated in the study, the City of Polokwane should invest in training to enhance street traders` effectiveness so as to have an impact on the economic development in the city. To accelerate this process, the stakeholders should be encouraged to support street traders so as to improve the status of economic growth in the area.

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abstract / Law / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Hur ser upphandlare på sitt nya uppdrag att använda sig av hållbarhetskrav i offentliga upphandlingar? Frågan är väldigt komplex trots att lagverket tillåter miljökrav, sociala och etiska krav i upphandlingar. Hela upphandlingsprocessen påverkas också av många aktörers sätt att se på hållbarhetsfrågan och ta ansvar. Förstudier visar att alla organisationer möter olika hinder när de strukturerar om i organisationers uppdrag. I detta arbete är det fokus på Malmö och Upphandlingsenheten där kommunala upphandlare jobbar. Empirisk data är insamlat med en kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem anställda. Det visade sig att där finns flera hinder som de måste ta itu med. Först av allt behöver de sammanföra medarbetarnas individuella mål med organisationens mål. Analysen innehåller också goda exempel på när gruppen har kunnat avlägsna hinder. De anställda har också idéer på hur vissa hinder för hållbara upphandlingar skulle kunna avlägsnas. En av möjligheterna som omnämndes var att flera kommuner kan ställa gemensamma krav för att mer kunna påverka leverantörers hållbarhetsutveckling. / What does purchasers think about their new mission to use sustainable demands in public procurements? Even though the law allows environmental and social demands in procurement, the process is very complex. It depends on the co-operation between several different actors within and between organizations. It also depends upon a changed view on the relationship between public procurement and sustainable development. The purchasers must feel responsible for sustainability issues within their expertise. Earlier studies show that all organizations meet different hinders when they change their mission. Focus in this study is on Malmoe and Upphandlingsenheten where the municipality-purchasers work. The empirical data was collected with qualitative methods by semi-structured interviews with five employees. Results show that there are several challenges to implement “green procurement”. First of all the individual goals that the co-workers have must match with the organizational goals. This study shows good examples of how the purchasers have met some of those challenges. The employees also have ideas of how other challenges may be possible to overcome. One possibility could be to co-operate with other municipalities around sustainability to create mutual demands. This could create a greater pressure on suppliers.

Submitted by Barbara Oliveira Panseri (barbaraopanseri@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T22:51:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Barbara_Panseri_final.pdf: 1558634 bytes, checksum: a294c39f69ed5e2f68dc2e2bb5683b8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-03T13:45:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Barbara_Panseri_final.pdf: 1558634 bytes, checksum: a294c39f69ed5e2f68dc2e2bb5683b8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-03T14:22:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Barbara_Panseri_final.pdf: 1558634 bytes, checksum: a294c39f69ed5e2f68dc2e2bb5683b8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T14:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Barbara_Panseri_final.pdf: 1558634 bytes, checksum: a294c39f69ed5e2f68dc2e2bb5683b8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / A presente pesquisa parte de uma dupla constatação: tanto em relação à lacuna de literatura existente no campo de políticas públicas a respeito do papel dos burocratas na condução da compra pública, quanto da percepção da presente autora acerca de gargalos estruturantes nas áreas de compras ligados especialmente à gestão dos recursos humanos e competências e à necessidade de modernização e valorização destas atividades. A partir de um estudo de caso empreendido na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo, o trabalho analisa de que forma os burocratas participantes do processo de compra de medicamentos e materiais médico-hospitalares podem influenciar no resultado final da aquisição, dito de outra forma, a pesquisa busca entender se existe margem de discricionariedade dos burocratas durante o processo de compra pública. Para isso, alguns aspectos são analisados, dentre eles, as características das compras e dos compradores públicos no órgão em questão, com levantamento dos dados e das etapas do processo da compra; o nível de discricionariedade dos burocratas e as atividades formais e informais desempenhadas por eles em cada etapa do processo da compra; e ainda aspectos relativos à gestão dos recursos humanos da área de compras, como adequação dos cursos e capacitações ou a relação entre a chefia e seus subordinados. / The present research is based on a double observation: both in relation to the literature gap in the field of public policies regarding the role of bureaucrats in the conduct of public procurement, and the author's perception of structuring bottlenecks in the areas of shopping the management of human resources and skills and the need to modernize and enhance these activities. Based on a case study carried out at the Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, the paper analyzes how bureaucrats participating in the purchase of medicines and medical-hospital materials can influence the final result of the acquisition, in other words, the research tries to understand if there is a margin of discretion of the bureaucrats during the public purchase process. For this, some aspects are analyzed, among them, the characteristics of the purchases and the public buyers in the department in question, with data collection and the stages of the purchase process; the level of discretion of bureaucrats and the formal and informal activities they perform at each stage of the procurement process; and also aspects related to the human resource management of the purchasing area, such as the adequacy of courses and training or the relationship between the manager and his/her subordinates.