Among the available all-quadrilateral mesh generation algorithms progressive-front offers the best quality and robustness. The paving algorithm is a progressive-front technique that generates a two dimensional mesh of all quadrilaterals on planar surfaces. The technique is particularly suited to meshing irregular boundaries with interior holes. This thesis presents an extension of the paving algorithm to generalized three dimensional surfaces. The major problems in three-dimensional surface mesh generation are projection of nodes, calculation of interior angles, and connection of mesh fronts. The solutions to these problems are presented. This work is part of the ongoing CUBIT project at Sandia Labs. The application is written in object oriented style in C++. A description of object oriented programming is given, with the relative merits and drawbacks for engineering applications.

This thesis is a critical examination of the question of the fourfold, or quaternities, in the thought of C.G. Jung, as well as an in-depth comparison with the four-fold structures of Jacques Lacan and Sergius Bulgakov. I define quaternities as visual or structural formations conceived in four parts, and I center this study on Jung because I see him as the first thinker to seriously examine the place of quaternity in psychology and modern thought. Part of the work of this thesis will be to give a clear view of Jung's quaternal theories, distinguishing the novelty and authenticity of his work from what has been made of it by subsequent New Age and Jungian thinkers. Jacques Lacan, who uses the term "quadrilateral" to describe his formations, will be contrasted with Jung on several counts. First of all, whereas the Jungian quaternity aims to perfectly integrate its various elements, especially when viewed from the perspective of the fourth element of the quaternity, the Lacanian fourth works in the opposite direction, putting into question any reading of the structure which demands resolution and integration. Lacan's quadrilaterals also avoid the complementarity which is always an important aspect of Jungian quaternity, instead opting for a supplementary logic. Sergius Bulgakov avoids, at least in his later work, referring to quaternities, but, in his reading of Sophia (Wisdom), she clearly functions as something of a fourth within the Christian Trinity. Bulgakov's primary contribution is to provide an answer to Jung's complaint that the Christian Trinity has suppressed its fourth and become unbalanced. The fourth that Bulgakov articulates in the form of Sophia is very different from what Jung had argued for. That is, instead of changing the Trinity into a Quaternity Bulgakov maintains that Sophia underlines the "tri-unity" of the Trinity, and functions not a fourth amidst its members, but as a necessary element in order to both bring out the distinctiveness of each person of the Trinity as well as communicate their common identity. / Religion

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-01-30T10:32:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaína Molon Mansan_.pdf: 3455538 bytes, checksum: e71789714cbd751f6e445fd613126d55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T10:32:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaína Molon Mansan_.pdf: 3455538 bytes, checksum: e71789714cbd751f6e445fd613126d55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / Nenhuma / As Redes de Atenção à Saúde constituem um método de articulação entre os serviços, que por meio de apoio técnico, logístico e de gestão, buscam a integralidade no cuidado prestado aos usuários. Esta pesquisa buscou verificar como se articula as Redes de Atenção à Saúde no município de Farroupilha, localizado na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivo: elaborar a proposta de um Programa de Educação Permanente em Saúde para o município de Farroupilha com vistas ao fortalecimento e ativação das Redes de Atenção à Saúde. Método: os componentes da pesquisa estavam de acordo com o Quadrilátero da Formação, abrangendo os eixos Controle Social – Atenção – Gestão. O eixo Formação não foi contemplado, visto que não existe instituição formadora no município. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas primeiramente com os usuários (Controle Social) e após análise destes dados, desenvolvido um novo instrumento de coleta a ser aplicado aos profissionais e gestores (Atenção/Gestão). A pesquisa contou com a participação de nove usuários, três profissionais e dois gestores, totalizando quatorze participantes. Para análise dos resultados foi utilizada a análise temática, da qual emergiram duas categorias. Resultado e discussão: a primeira categoria fala sobre as potencialidades e desafios da rede de atenção à saúde do município, tendo como subcategorias a participação do Controle Social e o atendimento na RAS. A segunda categoria analisou a comunicação na Rede de Atenção à Saúde, com suas respectivas subcategorias: potencialidades e desafios do sistema de referência e contrarreferência, comunicação entre a Atenção/Gestão/Controle Social; orientações de alta e prontuário eletrônico. Considerações finais: os resultados revelam falta de conhecimento dos usuários sobre o funcionamento da Rede de Atenção à Saúde do município e uma falta de comunicação entre os profissionais e serviços. Proposta de intervenção: com base nos achados foi elaborada a proposta do estudo, que contou com a elaboração de um Programa de Educação Permanente para os profissionais e a confecção de uma cartilha educativa ilustrada para auxiliar na orientação aos usuários e novos profissionais. / The Health Care Networks consist in an articulation method among the services, which through technical, logistical and management support aim the integrality in the care provided to the users. This research seeks to verify how the Health Care Networks articulate in the city of Farroupilha, located in the northeast region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Objective: present a proposal of a Permanent Educational Program in Health for the city of Farroupilha aiming the strengthening and activation of the Health Care Networks. Method: the components of the research agreed to the Formation Quadrilateral, comprehending the thematic axes of Social Control - Attention - Management. The axis Formation was not contemplated, once there is no educational/training institution in the city. Semi-structured interviews were realized firstly with the users (in Social Control) and, past the analysis of the mentioned data, a new instrument for information gathering was developed to be applied among the professionals and managers (Attention/Management). The research counted with the participation of nine users, three professionals and two managers, totalizing fourteen participants. The thematic analysis was deployed for the results’ analysis, from which two categories emerged. Result and discussion: the first category concerns to the potentialities and challenges of the network related to the attention to health in the city, having as subcategories the participation of the Social Control and the attendance at the Health Care Networks. The second category analysed the communication within the Health Care Networks with their respective subcategories: potentialities and challenges in the system of reference and counter-reference; communication among the Attention/Management/Social Control; discharge orientation and electronic prompt-book. Final Considerations: the results display a lack of knowledge from the users about the functioning of the city’s network and an absence of communication between the professionals and services. Intervention Proposal: under these circumstances, the proposal of this study was elaborated, which comprehended the development of a Permanent Educational Program for the professionals and the production of an illustrated educational primer to assist in the orientation of the users and new professionals.

In this research, the Alternating Cell Direction Implicit method is used in temporal discretisation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and compared with the well known and widely used Point Gauss Seidel scheme on structured and quadrilateral unstructured meshes. A two dimensional, laminar and incompressible Navier-Stokes solver is developed for this purpose using the artificial compressibility formulation. The developed solver is used to obtain steady-state solutions with implicit time stepping methods and a third order data reconstruction scheme (U-MUSCL) is added to obtain high order spatial accuracy. The Alternating Cell Directions Implicit method and Point Gauss Seidel scheme is compared in terms of convergence iteration number and total computation time using test cases with growing complexity, including laminar flat plate, single and multi-element airfoil calculations. Both structured and quadrilateral unstructured grids are used in single element airfoil calculations. In these test cases, it is seen that a reduction between 13% and 20% is obtained in total computation time by usage of Alternating Cell Directions Implicit method when compared with the Point Gauss Seidel method.

<p>Image re-composition has always been regarded as one of the most important steps during the post-processing of a photo. The quality of an image re-composition mainly depends on a person’s taste in aesthetics, which is not an effortless task for those who have no abundant experience in photography. Besides, while re-composing one image does not require much of a person’s time, it could be quite time-consuming when there are hundreds of images to be recomposed. To solve these problems, we propose a method that automates the process of re-composing an image to the desired aspect ratio. Although there already exist many image re-composition methods, they only provide a score to their predicted best crop but fail to explain why the score is high or low. Conversely, we succeed in designing an explainable method by introducing a novel 10-layer aesthetic score map, which represents how the position of the saliency in the original uncropped image, relative to that of the crop region, contributes to the overall score of the crop, so that the crop is not just represented by a single score. We conducted experiments to show that the proposed score map boosts the performance of our algorithm, which achieves a state-of-the-art performance on both public dataset and our own dataset.</p> <p>Heart rate, the speed of the heartbeat, has been regarded as one of the most important measurements to evaluate one's health. It can be used to measure one's anxiety, stress and illness; abnormalities of heart rate usually indicate potential disease one may have. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to directly measure the heart rate from a sequence of images that contain a person's face. Requiring only a webcam, this method largely simplifies the process of traditional methods, which require the use of a pulse oximeter attached to the fingertip to measure the PPG signal, or electrodes placed on the skin to measure the ECG signal. However, this most recent method, though attracting a lot of interest, still suffers from sudden movement of the head, or turning away from the camera. In this paper, we propose a novel robust method of generating reliable PPG signals and measuring the heart rate from only face videos in real time, which is invariant to the movement of the head. We have also conducted studies on how different factors, light conditions, the angle of the head and the distance of the head away from the camera, could affect the predictions of the heart rate. After conducting a thorough analysis, we can conclude that our method succeeds in producing accurate, robust and promising results.</p> <p>Quadrilateral detection is the process of locating the object of quadrilateral shape that appears in an image, and it is the fundamental of many applications such as scanning the document, and digitizing printed photos using a smartphone. While there exist methods that detect the objects of quadrilateral shape fairly accurately, their performance significantly drops when occlusion is present or the edges of the quadrilateral are not completely straight. In our work, we propose an end-to-end system that accurately predicts the four corners of a quadrilateral in an image, which is robust to the occlusion and capable of detecting the quadrilateral even though it is slightly distorted.</p>

The recent development of the Indo-Pacific region is characterised by the changing balance of power and the emergences of new forms of security cooperation. The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD) between Japan, the United States (U.S.), Australia and India came back into existence in 2017 after their failed attempt in 2007-2008. This thesis attempts to investigate what factors explain the re-emergence of the QSD by synthesising several alignment/alliance theories in International Relations (IR). Given the previous research on the QSD and theoretical discussions, this thesis points out the two key factors that contributed to the re-emergence of the QSD: the shared threat perception towards China and the shared objectives in the Indo-Pacific region. The content analysis of a number of official policy documents and press statements revealed that Japan, the U.S., Australia and India have increasingly perceived China as a threat and coordinated their policy objectives in the Indo-Pacific region under the concept of the Free and Open-Indo Pacific.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilson Oliveira da Costa.pdf: 2397105 bytes, checksum: cf8cbc831af5262eedfcf4c825abee77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-15 / The objective of this study is to suggest a workshop about learning practice to basic education teachers using the dynamic Geometry provided by Cabri Géomètre software. The main investigation was: how would Dynamic Geometry create a learning atmosphere for the study of notable quadrilateral? The hypothesis was that the development of the activities with the help of a computer as a learning instrument and the use of the chosen program would bring a contribution to a review or even to the acquisition of new subject through the built figurers exploration, supposition survey and by the interaction of the group. The workshop was proposed with the expectation that teachers would be more secure when they approach subjects related to the quadrilateral proprieties and also to give them instruments to improve their formation. Using a research-project also named teaching experimentation as research methodology, it was organized a workshop to teachers (research-phase 1) as source of observation to each activity developed. After analysis, considerations and corrections, at the end of this study it is proposed a new version of this workshop to be used to others interested teachers (research- phase 2). The activities were studied according to the comprehension levels from Van Hiele (1957). The conclusion for this first phase was that Dynamic Geometry promoted the creation of a learning atmosphere once it allows a different way of work; teachers noticed the proprieties of notable quadrilateral, this observation would be more difficult in a traditional way (paper and pencil). Others fundamental aspects of the workshop were the experience exchange among the participants and the interaction of all involved, essentials aspects for a teaching experiment / Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma oficina para a prática docente de professores que atuam no Ensino Fundamental para que investiguem as propriedades dos quadriláteros com auxílio da geometria dinâmica proporcionada pelo software Cabri Géomètre. A questão investigada foi: em que medida a Geometria Dinâmica pode favorecer a criação de um ambiente de aprendizagem no estudo dos quadriláteros notáveis? Tínhamos como hipótese que o desenvolvimento de atividades com auxílio do computador como ferramenta de ensino e com o uso do programa escolhido, contribuiria para uma revisitação ou até mesmo para a aquisição de conteúdos novos, por meio da exploração das figuras construídas, pelo levantamento de conjecturas e pela interação com o grupo. Com esta proposta de oficina esperávamos que os professores abordassem com maior segurança assuntos relacionados às propriedades dos quadriláteros estudadas e que adquirissem autonomia na sua formação de forma constante. Com o apoio da Pesquisa-Projeto, também denominada Experimento de Ensino, adotada como metodologia de pesquisa, elaboramos uma oficina que foi aplicada aos professores (fase 1 da pesquisa), que deu subsídios como fonte de observação para realizarmos uma análise de cada atividade trabalhada. Após as análises, considerações e retificações, sugerimos, no final deste trabalho, uma nova versão da oficina para ser aplicada a outros professores interessados (fase 2 da pesquisa). As atividades foram analisadas segundo os níveis de compreensão de Van Hiele (1957). Concluímos nesta primeira fase, que a Geometria Dinâmica favoreceu a criação de um ambiente de aprendizagem, pois permitiu trabalhar de maneira diferenciada para que os professores percebessem propriedades dos quadriláteros notáveis cuja observação pelo modo tradicional (papel e lápis), seria dificultada. Outro aspecto fundamental dessa oficina foi permitir a troca de experiência entre os participantes e a interação entre todos, que são elementos essenciais a um Experimento de Ensino

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Estela Conceicao de Oliveira de Souza.pdf: 931053 bytes, checksum: 4ad98d3ccc65b5c15b54131a8deb0af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-02 / This study is placed in the context of teaching and learning of mathematical proofs and arguments by students of middle school, developed under the Project Reasoning and Proof in School Mathematics (AProvaME). The aim of the work refers to map the concepts of argumentation and proofs of adolescent students aged between 14 and 16 years of public and private schools of the State of Sao Paulo. For this survey was drawn up a questionnaire in two books, five questions of Algebra and five of Geometry, applied to 1.998 students. More specifically, this work focused on reviewing a matter of Geometry (G3), which called for the truth or falsity of a statement and presenting a justification for the answer. The preparation and discussion of the responses were based largely on research Balacheff (1988) and Healy & Hoyles (1998), on empirical and formal arguments and the complex shift from production of evidence for conceptual pragmatic. After tabulating the information gathered, seeking a more detailed analysis of those 1.998 protocols, drew to a smaller sample of 50 of them. In the next stage, the students were grouped according to types of the presented responses for being submitted to a few individual interviews, in order to obtain additional information about their answers. The work was finished with a conclusive and reflective picture based on the results of previous tests, in which more than 50% of the surveyed students rated the statement of the issue (G3) as true, and for reasons, the preference for empirical arguments (checks for some cases) stood out, but they also had a considerable amount of don t know" and others left empty, with few to justify their answers with the use of properties, for example, the addition of internal angles of any triangle / Este estudo está inserido no contexto do ensino e aprendizagem de provas e argumentos matemáticos de alunos da escola de educação básica, desenvolvido no âmbito do Projeto Argumentação e Prova na Matemática Escolar (AProvaME). O objetivo do trabalho refere-se ao mapeamento das concepções sobre argumentação e provas de alunos adolescentes na faixa etária entre 14 e 16 anos de escolas públicas e particulares do Estado de São Paulo. Para esse levantamento foi elaborado um questionário contendo, em dois cadernos, cinco questões de Álgebra e cinco de Geometria, aplicadas a 1.998 alunos. Mais especificamente, este trabalho centrou-se na análise de uma questão de Geometria (G3) que solicitava a veracidade ou falsidade de uma afirmação e a apresentação de uma justificativa para a resposta. A elaboração e discussão das respostas foram baseadas principalmente nas pesquisas de Balacheff (1988) e Healy & Hoyles (1998) sobre argumentos empíricos e formais e sobre a complexa passagem da produção de provas pragmáticas para conceituais. Após a tabulação das informações coletadas, visando a uma análise mais detalhada desses 1.998 protocolos, extraiu-se uma amostra menor com 50 deles. Na etapa seguinte, esses alunos foram agrupados de acordo com os tipos de resposta apresentados para a realização de algumas entrevistas individuais, visando à obtenção de esclarecimentos adicionais sobre suas respostas. Encerrou-se o trabalho com um panorama conclusivo e reflexivo baseado no resultado das análises anteriores em que mais de 50% dos alunos pesquisados classificaram a afirmação da questão (G3) como verdadeira, e em relação às justificativas, a preferência por argumentos empíricos (verificações para alguns casos) se destacou, mas também houve uma considerável quantidade de respostas não sei e outras deixadas em branco, sendo poucos os que justificaram suas respostas com o uso de propriedades, por exemplo, a soma dos ângulos internos de um triângulo qualquer

SectionBuilder is an innovative finite element based tool, developed for analysis and design of composite beam cross-sections. The tool can handle the cross-sections with parametric shapes and arbitrary configurations. It can also handle arbitrary lay-ups for predefined beam cross-section geometries in a consistent manner. The material properties for each layer of the cross-section can be defined on the basis of the design requirements. This tool is capable of dealing with multi-cell composite cross-sections with arbitrary lay-ups. It has also the benefit of handling the variation of thickness of skin and D-spars for beams such as rotor blades. A typical cross-section is considered as a collection of interconnected walls. Walls with arbitrary lay-ups based on predefined geometries and material properties are generated first. The complex composite beam cross-sections are developed by connecting the walls using various types of connectors. These connectors are compatible with the walls, i.e., the thickness of the layers of the walls must match with those of the connectors at the place of connection. Cross-sections are often reinforced by core material for constructing realistic rotor blade cross-sections. The tool has the ability to integrate core materials into the cross-sections. A mapped mesh is considered for meshing parametric shapes, walls and various connectors, whereas a free mesh is considered for meshing the core materials. A new algorithm based on the Delaunay refinement algorithm is developed for creating the best possible free mesh for core materials. After meshing the cross-section, the tool determines the sectional properties using finite element analysis. This tool computes sectional properties including stiffness matrix, compliance matrix, mass matrix, and principal axes. A visualization environment is integrated with the tool for visualizing the stress and strain distributions over the cross-section.

Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas as funções de interpolação com regularidades C1 e C2, utilizando o Método da Partição de Unidade, referentes ao elemento quadrilateral de quatro nós. Estes elementos quadrilaterais Hermitianos de regularidade C1 e C2 foram implementados em uma plataforma própria de elementos finitos, considerando uma estratégia do tipo sub-paramétrica. De forma comparativa com os elementos Lagrangeanos de regularidade C0 e diferentes ordens polinomiais, os elementos de regularidade C1 e C2 foram aplicados na solução de: problemas clássicos de elasticidade plana infinitesimal isotrópica; aproximação das frequências naturais de vibração livre de barras e viga; pro- pagação de onda elástica em barra devido à aplicação de força impulsiva. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que foi possível se obter um maior percentual de frequências naturais aproximadas do espectro discreto, dado um certo nível de erro máximo, com os elementos de regularidade C1 e C2 em comparação com os elementos Lagrangeanos de regularidade C0 de quatro, oito, dezesseis e vinte e cinco nós. Quanto ao problema de propagação de onda elástica devido à aplicação de força impulsiva, as soluções obtidas com os elementos de regularidade C1 e C2 também apresentaram-se satisfatórias em relação à solução ana- lítica e às soluções aproximadas obtidas com os elementos Lagrangeanos de regularidade C0 de quatro e oito nós. Por outro lado, nas simulações dos problemas de elasticidade plana infinitesimal isotrópica, os elementos de regularidade C1 e C2 não apresentaram um comportamento satisfatório. Os erros relativos em normas L2 e de energia da solução aproximada foram maiores do que aqueles obtidos com o elemento Lagrangeano de regularidade C0 de oito nós, por exemplo, e as taxas de convergência em norma de energia obtidas com tais elementos foram inferiores às preditas pelo estimador de erro a priori. / In this work the shape functions with regularity C1 e C2 were developed, by means of the Partition of Unity Method, concerning to the four-node quadrilateral element. These Hermitian quadrilateral elements with regularity C1 e C2 were implemented in an own platform of finite elements, considering the subparametric strategy. Comparatively with the C 0 regularity Lagrangian elements of different polynomial order, C1 and C2 regularity elements were applied in simulations of: classical isotropic infinitesimal plane elasticity problems; approximation of natural frequencies of free vibration for bars and beam; elastic wave propagation in bar caused by forced vibration with impulsive loading applied. The results obtained showed that was possible to get a major number of natural frequencies of free vibration for the discrete spectrum, given a certain level of error, for C1 and C2 regularity elements in comparison with C 0 regularity Lagrangian elements of four, eight, sixteen and twenty-five nodes. Regarding to the elastic wave propagation problem in bar due to the application of impulsive loading, the solution obtained with C1 and C2 regularity elements also presented satisfactory results with relation to the analytical solution and those obtained with C 0 regularity Lagrangian elements with four and eight nodes. On the other hand, for isotropic infinitesimal plane elasticity problems, C1 and C2 regularity elements did not present satisfactory results. Relative errors in L2 and energy norms of approximate solution were greater than those computed for the C 0 Lagrangian element of eight nodes, for example, and convergence rates obtained with the C1 and C2 regularity elements were lower than those predicted by the a priori error estimator.