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My thesis looks at prescriptive beauty messages generated during 1940-1950 by using a case study of Margaret Morrison Carnegie College. I look at formal prescriptive beauty messages (advertisements, beauty manuals) and informal beauty messages (college yearbooks, newspapers, and beauty queen campaigns) to see what types of messages were created and why. I situate changes in these messages in a timeline of national culture, as it existed before, during, and after World War II. I then compare these messages by looking at which prescriptions were adapted by MMCC women as a group. I argue that these young women adopted an adapted version of the two prescriptions by following the advice given on a national level but also shaping their appearances based on what was occurring on campus. I infer that one set of prescriptions cannot exist in a vacuum; there will be a set of overarching goals to strive for, as well as a set based on standards within her immediate environment. The digital component to this project is available at www.consumingbeauty.com. / Master of Arts

Comprendo que, en la actualidad, la actividad o acción de una drag queen (es decir, el dragqueenismo) es un fenómeno globalizado de algunas de las prácticas identitarias y culturales gay surgidas, en principio, en espacios anglófonos. Más allá de cualquier tipo de concepción esencialista, existen diversos productos culturales que han sido acuñados en el imaginario de distintas minorías sexuales y sobre los que se han desarrollado procesos de apropiación. La práctica de la drag queen, a mi parecer, ha sido una de las más exitosas y fructíferas en este proceso de apropiación; cada espacio en el que estas han tenido lugar ha arraigado la práctica de manera particular, añadiendo a su repertorio los matices locales que los propios productores y consumidores creían necesarios. Los tres capítulos que componen este trabajo colaboran con sustentar el planteamiento de que el dragqueenismo es un trabajo de representación al que recurren una comunidad de sujetos homosexuales (las drag queens) para acceder de manera legítima al espacio heteronormativo. Al hablar de un proceso de representación, me refiero al trabajo que realizan estos sujetos para crear significados de manera comunitaria, a cómo estos significados cobran relevancia en sus interacciones cotidianas y la manera en que esperan que este tipo de representación sea finalmente consumida. «Yo soy una drag queen, no soy cualquier loco.» Poética del dragqueenismo en Lima. En este capítulo presento las concepciones de la drag queen limeña en torno a su propia práctica y cómo ésta se diferencia de otras prácticas transgenéricas, como el travestismo y el transformismo. Como intento argumentar, la poética promovida por el arte y la tradición demarcarían las actitudes y acciones que definen a una drag queen y las diferencian de otros sujetos transgénero. En esta línea y como planteo, la asunción de las características de una drag queen se realiza mediante un vínculo afectivo con la práctica que termina por hacer efectiva la poética y el repertorio de elementos que sirve tanto para aceptar a otro sujeto como un semejante o para demarcar la significación del otro. «Ni con los tacones más altos estás a mi altura». Dragqueenismo y transformación de capitales. En este capítulo me dedico exponer cuáles son los vínculos que existen entre los sujetos drag queens y cómo los discursos presentados en el primer capítulo son movilizados en sus interacciones. Deseo sustentar que los sujetos drag queens de Lima, a diferencia de las drag queens representadas en otros contextos, demuestran y negocian una serie de recursos, que agrupados según categorías podrían comprenderse, desde Bourdieu, como capitales, con el fin de alcanzar una serie beneficios subjetivos y sociales. «Hoy saldré bien mujer.» Performatividad femenina como dragqueenismo. El estudio culmina con la aproximación al dragqueenismo limeño como una performance y la puesta en cuestión de cómo su poética contribuye con una performatividad heteronormativa. Esta concepción del dragqueenismo permite poner de relieve las características rituales y las funciones subjetivas y sociales del dragqueenismo. Por último, mediante la revisión de algunas propuestas teóricas que aseguraban la capacidad subversiva del dragqueenismo globalizado, busco elaborar la idea de que el dragqueenismo limeño se establece como un alcance más del dispositivo del sexo, es decir, funciona de manera performativa a favor de la matriz heterosexual.

Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415), Queen of Portugal is largely remembered by the men who surrounded her, rather than her actual accomplishments: John of Gaunt was her father, Joao I of Portugal was her husband, and lastly, Prince Henry (Henrique) the Navigator was her son. However, modem studies of her indicate that she was more than simply an iconographic queen. She was responsible for introducing French to the Portuguese court and was responsible for translating John Gower's Confessio Amatis into Portuguese. Furthermore, Chaucer had been one of her tutors, and had taught her how to use an astrolabe. This last point is very important, for it supports the idea that Philippa was behind the 1415 expedition to Ceuta, the first of Western European voyages into Africa. Charles McKew Parr in his study on Ferdinand Magellan claims that the voyage to Ceuta was Philippa's idea and that she was the one responsible for organizing and supplying the endeavor. However, this revolutionary idea goes in the face of all contemporary primary sources, and all subsequent secondary sources. This thesis will further investigate the claims that Philippa was instrumental in this inaugural expedition and reconcile that concept to its absence in contemporary sources. In addition, this thesis will discuss the direct vs. indirect influence of the Queen, comparisons with three other queens (Leonor Telles de Meneses, her predecessor, Leonor of Aragon, her successor, and Riccafoma, Queen of Granada), and finally evaluating how well traditional arguments hold up against recent ones. Ultimately, while it can not be proven that the voyage was her idea, there are several external factors that point to her aid in organizing and supplying this voyage, a rarity in those days for any queen consort.

Facebook is today a phenomenon that has connected the whole world. With millions of users this has become an attractive place for soccer clubs to connect with their fans. But in what ways are they using Facebook as a tool to connect with their fans?This essay aims to answer the question if it’s a difference in the way English and Swedish teams communicate with their fans on Facebook. The study was conducted with the use of telephone- and mail interviews. Too analyze the material the main theories I´ve used was public relations theory and the public sphere.The result of this study shows that it´s a difference in the way the Premier league teams Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers communicate in comparison with the Swedish teams Helsingborgs IF and IF Elfsborg. The Swedish teams are looking to create relationships by a two-way communication with their fans while the English teams are looking to create relationships with their fans thru pictures, interviews etc. Arsenal is also unique in this study by using Facebook as a tool for commercial purposes.

O melhoramento genético de abelhas Apis mellifera é uma ferramenta essencial e de caráter obrigatório para o sucesso e desenvolvimento do setor apícola. O nosso objetivo principal foi estruturar, estabelecer e fixar um plano de seleção e melhoramento genético com o objetivo de incrementar a produção de própolis por colmeia. Iniciamos este trabalho através da avaliação das características de seleção de comportamento higiênico, taxa de infestação de Varroa, incidência de Nosema em um grupo inicial de 50 colmeias. Neste grupo 40,4% das colmeias apresentaram um comportamento higiênico acima de 90% com valores de 71 ± 28,9 ± 4,22 (média ± DP ± EP); taxa de infestação de Varroa 7,7 ± 4,0 ± 0,57 (média ± DP ± EP) e uma média de incidência de Nosema < 300.000 esporos/abelha. Após estas avaliações, selecionamos três colmeias com os seguintes parâmetros: >90% de comportamento higiênico, <5% de taxa de infestação de Varroa e ausência do esporo de Nosema. Rainhas virgens dessas três linhagens genéticas foram produzidas e introduzidas nos apiários de produção. Na segunda fase analisamos um total de 263 colmeias, das quais 12,9% eram rainhas filhas das colmeias selecionadas na primeira geração. Avaliando esses apiários através do teste estatístico ANOVA encontramos diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as médias de produção de própolis para colmeias com duas, quatro e seis lâminas (F= 25,4301, (p) <0,05). Observamos que 32% das colmeias produziram menos de 50 gramas, 37% entre 50 e 100 gramas e 31% mais de 100 gramas. Embora a troca de rainhas realizada nas colmeias utilizadas somente fosse de 18%, o resultado de produção das 34 rainhas selecionadas que foram aceitas mostrou que a produção destas colmeias, independentemente do apiário no qual estas rainhas foram introduzidas, foi sempre superior a média de produção individual de cada apiário. Do grupo de 263 colmeias selecionamos 60 colmeias segundo os resultados da coleta de própolis. Nestas observamos que o comportamento higiênico apresentou valores de 72,6 ± 25,0 ± 3,9 (média ± DP ± EP); taxa de infestação de Varroa 7,2 ± 3,0 ± 0,5 (média ± DP ± EP) e uma média de incidência de Nosema < 500.000 esporos/abelha. Após estas avaliações selecionamos dez colmeias com os seguintes parâmetros: >95% de comportamento higiênico, <5% de taxa de infestação de Varroa e ausência do esporo de Nosema para formar o grupo de rainhas selecionadas durante a segunda geração. Das dez colmeias selecionadas seis possuíam rainhas filhas da primeira geração, reforçando a importância de trabalhar com material previamente selecionado nas colmeias de produção. Apesar de termos selecionado somente a origem genética materna, pela introdução de rainhas virgens, nossos resultados de produção já mostraram ser promissores. / Genetic improvement of honey bees (Apis mellifera) is an essential and important tool for the success and development of the beekeeping industry. Our main objective was to develop and set in motion a selection and breeding program to increase propolis production. We began by evaluating for hygienic behavior, Varroa infestation, and Nosema incidence in an initial group of 50 colonies. Twenty of these colonies had a hygienic behavior index above 90%; the mean rate was 71 ± 28.9 ± 4.22% (mean ± SD ± SE). The mean rate of infestation with Varroa was 7.7 ± 4.0 ± 0.57 mites per 100 adult bees (mean ± SD ± SE). The mean rate of infection with Nosema was <500,000 spores/bee. Following these evaluations, we selected three colonies with the following parameters: >90% hygienic behavior, <5% Varroa infestation and no Nosema spores. Virgin queens from these three colonies were produced and introduced into production apiaries. In the second phase, we analyzed 263 colonies, of which 12.9% had queens that were daughters of the three colonies selected in the first generation. Evaluating these apiaries through ANOVA, we found significant differences in propolis production for two, four and six pieces of propolis (F = 25.4301, p <0.05). We observed that 32% of the colonies produced less than 50 grams, 37% between 50 and 100 grams, and 31% over 100 grams. Although queens were introduced into only 18% of the colonies, the production of the 34 colonies that had selected queens was always superior to the mean overall production, regardless of the apiary in which these queens were introduced. Among the 263 colonies, we selected 60 based on propolis production. The hygienic behavior values of these colonies was 72.6 ± 25.0 ± 3.9 (mean ± SD ± SE), the rate Varroa infestation was 7.2 ± 3.0 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD ± SE), and the mean rate of Nosema infection was <500,000 spores/bee. Following these evaluations, we selected 10 colonies with the following parameters: >95% hygienic behavior, <5% rate of Varroa infestation, and absence of Nosema spores to form the second generation selection group. Of the 10 selected colonies, six were headed by queens that were daughters of the first selected group, demonstrating the importance of working with previously selected material. Although we selected only the maternal genetic line by introducing virgin queens, the improvement in production has been promising.

O melhoramento genético de abelhas Apis mellifera é uma ferramenta essencial e de caráter obrigatório para o sucesso e desenvolvimento do setor apícola. O nosso objetivo principal foi estruturar, estabelecer e fixar um plano de seleção e melhoramento genético com o objetivo de incrementar a produção de própolis por colmeia. Iniciamos este trabalho através da avaliação das características de seleção de comportamento higiênico, taxa de infestação de Varroa, incidência de Nosema em um grupo inicial de 50 colmeias. Neste grupo 40,4% das colmeias apresentaram um comportamento higiênico acima de 90% com valores de 71 ± 28,9 ± 4,22 (média ± DP ± EP); taxa de infestação de Varroa 7,7 ± 4,0 ± 0,57 (média ± DP ± EP) e uma média de incidência de Nosema < 300.000 esporos/abelha. Após estas avaliações, selecionamos três colmeias com os seguintes parâmetros: >90% de comportamento higiênico, <5% de taxa de infestação de Varroa e ausência do esporo de Nosema. Rainhas virgens dessas três linhagens genéticas foram produzidas e introduzidas nos apiários de produção. Na segunda fase analisamos um total de 263 colmeias, das quais 12,9% eram rainhas filhas das colmeias selecionadas na primeira geração. Avaliando esses apiários através do teste estatístico ANOVA encontramos diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as médias de produção de própolis para colmeias com duas, quatro e seis lâminas (F= 25,4301, (p) <0,05). Observamos que 32% das colmeias produziram menos de 50 gramas, 37% entre 50 e 100 gramas e 31% mais de 100 gramas. Embora a troca de rainhas realizada nas colmeias utilizadas somente fosse de 18%, o resultado de produção das 34 rainhas selecionadas que foram aceitas mostrou que a produção destas colmeias, independentemente do apiário no qual estas rainhas foram introduzidas, foi sempre superior a média de produção individual de cada apiário. Do grupo de 263 colmeias selecionamos 60 colmeias segundo os resultados da coleta de própolis. Nestas observamos que o comportamento higiênico apresentou valores de 72,6 ± 25,0 ± 3,9 (média ± DP ± EP); taxa de infestação de Varroa 7,2 ± 3,0 ± 0,5 (média ± DP ± EP) e uma média de incidência de Nosema < 500.000 esporos/abelha. Após estas avaliações selecionamos dez colmeias com os seguintes parâmetros: >95% de comportamento higiênico, <5% de taxa de infestação de Varroa e ausência do esporo de Nosema para formar o grupo de rainhas selecionadas durante a segunda geração. Das dez colmeias selecionadas seis possuíam rainhas filhas da primeira geração, reforçando a importância de trabalhar com material previamente selecionado nas colmeias de produção. Apesar de termos selecionado somente a origem genética materna, pela introdução de rainhas virgens, nossos resultados de produção já mostraram ser promissores. / Genetic improvement of honey bees (Apis mellifera) is an essential and important tool for the success and development of the beekeeping industry. Our main objective was to develop and set in motion a selection and breeding program to increase propolis production. We began by evaluating for hygienic behavior, Varroa infestation, and Nosema incidence in an initial group of 50 colonies. Twenty of these colonies had a hygienic behavior index above 90%; the mean rate was 71 ± 28.9 ± 4.22% (mean ± SD ± SE). The mean rate of infestation with Varroa was 7.7 ± 4.0 ± 0.57 mites per 100 adult bees (mean ± SD ± SE). The mean rate of infection with Nosema was <500,000 spores/bee. Following these evaluations, we selected three colonies with the following parameters: >90% hygienic behavior, <5% Varroa infestation and no Nosema spores. Virgin queens from these three colonies were produced and introduced into production apiaries. In the second phase, we analyzed 263 colonies, of which 12.9% had queens that were daughters of the three colonies selected in the first generation. Evaluating these apiaries through ANOVA, we found significant differences in propolis production for two, four and six pieces of propolis (F = 25.4301, p <0.05). We observed that 32% of the colonies produced less than 50 grams, 37% between 50 and 100 grams, and 31% over 100 grams. Although queens were introduced into only 18% of the colonies, the production of the 34 colonies that had selected queens was always superior to the mean overall production, regardless of the apiary in which these queens were introduced. Among the 263 colonies, we selected 60 based on propolis production. The hygienic behavior values of these colonies was 72.6 ± 25.0 ± 3.9 (mean ± SD ± SE), the rate Varroa infestation was 7.2 ± 3.0 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD ± SE), and the mean rate of Nosema infection was <500,000 spores/bee. Following these evaluations, we selected 10 colonies with the following parameters: >95% hygienic behavior, <5% rate of Varroa infestation, and absence of Nosema spores to form the second generation selection group. Of the 10 selected colonies, six were headed by queens that were daughters of the first selected group, demonstrating the importance of working with previously selected material. Although we selected only the maternal genetic line by introducing virgin queens, the improvement in production has been promising.

Writers and historians from earlier centuries imagined Anne Boleyn as a villain; a forward and evil woman intent on destroying Henry VII and his image. Modern accounts have been more accommodating, offering that she was misunderstood due to the constraints of the times. In an attempt to discover the historical Anne, I will be comparing and contrasting how she has been perceived in fiction and non-fiction literature, and will examine how the perception of Anne has shifted through time.

This thesis introduces <em>Interstitial Urbanity</em> as a strategy for addressing issues of urbanity and place within New York's peripheral developments. Driven primarily by market forces, these developer led office and condominium complexes are currently being constructed along the post-industrial shorelines of New York's outer boroughs. Interstitial urbanity proposes an urban centre: a fragment of place within a non-place settlement. The theory is manifested in the design of an interstice that sits within the Queens West development on the Long Island City waterfront. Taking the form of a multi-layered public space, the interstice is comprised of a waterfront market square flanked by a commuter train terminal and an arts centre housed in a turn of the century power plant.

This thesis introduces <em>Interstitial Urbanity</em> as a strategy for addressing issues of urbanity and place within New York's peripheral developments. Driven primarily by market forces, these developer led office and condominium complexes are currently being constructed along the post-industrial shorelines of New York's outer boroughs. Interstitial urbanity proposes an urban centre: a fragment of place within a non-place settlement. The theory is manifested in the design of an interstice that sits within the Queens West development on the Long Island City waterfront. Taking the form of a multi-layered public space, the interstice is comprised of a waterfront market square flanked by a commuter train terminal and an arts centre housed in a turn of the century power plant.