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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Entre memoria et conscience aristocratique : femmes, art et religion dans le Royaume de Sicile (XIe-1ère moitié XIIIe siècle)

Soustre de Condat, Bérangère 17 March 2009 (has links)
Dans le Royaume de Sicile, le patronage religieux entrepris par les femmes des dynasties normande et Hohenstaufen sous-tend la question de l'affirmation de l'individu dans la société médiévale. Comme dans les représentations iconographiques des reines et des princesses, ces actions mettent l'accent plus sur le pouvoir de la dame aristocratique que sur son appartenance au genre féminin. Mais le patronage féminin est aussi lié à la question de la mémoire du lignage; l'individu se définissant par rapport à un groupe formé de morts et de vivants, la commémoration des ancêtres disparus participe aussi à la création d'un mémoire aristocratique véhiculée par les femmes. / In the Realm of Sicily, the religious patronage begun by the women of the dynasties Norman and Hohenstaufen underlies the question of the assertion of the individual in the medieval society. As in the iconographic representations of the queens and the princesses, these actions emphasize more the power of the aristocratic lady than her membership in the feminine genre.But the feminine patronage is also connected to the question of the memory of the nobility; the individual defining itself with regard to a group formed by deaths and by alive, the remembrance of the disappeared ancestors also participates in the creation of an aristocratic report conveyed by the women.
82

Guinevere, a medieval puzzle images of Arthur's queen in the medieval literature of England and France /

Bethlehem, Ulrike. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bochum, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [413]-427) and index.
83

Guinevere, a medieval puzzle images of Arthur's queen in the medieval literature of England and France /

Bethlehem, Ulrike. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bochum, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [413]-427) and index.
84

Abordagem neuro-genética para mapeamento de problemas de conexão em otimização combinatória / Neurogenetic approach for mapping connection problems in combinatorial optimization

Matheus Giovanni Pires 21 May 2009 (has links)
Devido a restrições de aplicabilidade presentes nos algoritmos para a solução de problemas de otimização combinatória, os sistemas baseados em redes neurais artificiais e algoritmos genéticos oferecem um método alternativo para solucionar tais problemas eficientemente. Os algoritmos genéticos devem a sua popularidade à possibilidade de percorrer espaços de busca não-lineares e extensos. Já as redes neurais artificiais possuem altas taxas de processamento por utilizarem um número elevado de elementos processadores simples com alta conectividade entre si. Complementarmente, redes neurais com conexões realimentadas fornecem um modelo computacional capaz de resolver vários tipos de problemas de otimização, os quais consistem, geralmente, da otimização de uma função objetivo que pode estar sujeita ou não a um conjunto de restrições. Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem inovadora para resolver problemas de conexão em otimização combinatória utilizando uma arquitetura neuro-genética. Mais especificamente, uma rede neural de Hopfield modificada é associada a um algoritmo genético visando garantir a convergência da rede em direção aos pontos de equilíbrio factíveis que representam as soluções para os problemas de otimização combinatória. / Due to applicability constraints involved with the algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems, systems based on artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms are alternative methods for solving these problems in an efficient way. The genetic algorithms must its popularity to make possible cover nonlinear and extensive search spaces. On the other hand, artificial neural networks have high processing rates due to the use of a massive number of simple processing elements and the high degree of connectivity between these elements. Additionally, neural networks with feedback connections provide a computing model capable of solving a large class of optimization problems, which refer to optimization of an objective function that can be subject to constraints. This thesis presents a novel approach for solving connection problems in combinatorial optimization using a neurogenetic approach. More specifically, a modified Hopfield neural network is associated with a genetic algorithm in order to guarantee the convergence of the network to the equilibrium points, which represent feasible solutions for the combinatorial optimization problems.
85

“Para encher os olhos”: identidades e representações culturais das rainhas e princesas do clube Treze de Maio de Santa Maria no jornal A Razão (1960-1980) / “To fill your eyes”: the identities and cultural representations of queens and princesses from the Santa Maria Treze de Maio club in the newspaper A Razão (1960-1980)

Escobar, Giane Vargas 16 January 2017 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis bridges questions regarding type, race and class, with the objective of carrying out a cultural analysis, at the centre of which are the queens and princesses of the beauty contests carried out by the Treze de Maio Club, in the city of Saint Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in the decades of 1960, 1970 and 1980. This research is anchored in the theory of culture according to Raymond Williams – the cultural hypothesis of structures of feeling and three levels of the culture: lived culture, recorded culture and the culture of selective tradition in order to talk about the space given to these women in the social column of the newspaper A Razão, given that fact that it is a vehicle of communication that selects cultural traditions. Our investigation is carried out in the context of qualitative inquiry, with a theory and methodology based on what Williams called his "position": cultural materialism. Results of our analyses point toward the selection of a ―desirable femininity‖, in addition to the segregation between women from "downtown" and women from "the neighbourhood" as well as between black women and white women, thus showing the racist and segregationist hallmark of Santa Maria society and the newspaper A Razão. In an attempt to decolonize our thinking, our investigation includes theories offered by black intellectuals like Sueli Carneiro, Angela Davis, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Lélia Gonzalez, Bell Hooks and Neusa Santos Souza. This allowed to us to identify several forms of combined or mutually intercrossed oppression within the Black club and the wider Santa Maria society. Our study is also anchored in the concepts of identity and representation according to Stuart Hall. The Treze de Maio Club represented a second home and a place for the affirmation of the "race". It was there that these queens and princesses built friendships and secured lifelong commitments, romantic relationships, engagements and marriages, all in a constant, persistent incentive toward the reconstruction of the Black couple and the ideal Black family, the Treze de Maio family. / O presente estudo articula questões de gênero, raça e classe com o objetivo de realizar uma análise cultural em que são centrais as rainhas e princesas dos certames de beleza realizado pelo Clube Treze de Maio, da cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, nas décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980. A pesquisa ancora-se na teoria da cultura de Raymond Williams – a hipótese cultural de estruturas de sentimento e os três níveis da cultura: cultura vivida, a cultura registrada e a cultura da tradição seletiva para discutir qual era o espaço dado àquelas mulheres na coluna social do jornal A Razão, já que se trata de um veículo de comunicação que seleciona as tradições culturais. A investigação inscreve-se no âmbito da pesquisa qualitativa, cujo percurso teórico-metodológico se fundamenta no que Williams chamou de sua ―posição‖, o materialismo cultural. Como resultado das análises se aponta a seleção do ―feminino desejável‖, bem como a segregação entre as mulheres do ―centro‖ e as mulheres do ―bairro‖ e entre as mulheres negras e as mulheres brancas, evidenciando o cunho racista e segregacionista da sociedade santa-mariense e do jornal A Razão. Na tentativa de descolonizar o pensamento a investigação alia-se às teorias preconizadas por intelectuais negras como Sueli Carneiro, Angela Davis, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Lélia Gonzalez, bell hooks, Neusa Santos Souza, o que nos permitiu perceber as várias formas de opressões combinadas ou entrecruzadas no interior do clube negro e na sociedade santa-mariense. Essa investigação ancora-se, ainda, nos conceitos de identidade e representação de Stuart Hall. O Clube Treze de Maio representava a segunda casa e o lugar de afirmação da ―raça‖. Era lá que as rainhas e princesas construíam amizades, firmavam compromissos para vida, namoros, noivados, casamentos, num constante incentivo à reconstrução do par negro e na persistência por um ideal de família negra, a família Treze de Maio.
86

Obtenção artificial de rainhas e estabelecimento de novas colônias de Tetragona clavipes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) / Artificial obtainment of queens and establishment of new colonies of Tetragona clavipes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)

Ivan de Castro 22 June 2012 (has links)
A criação racional de abelhas sem ferrão, conhecida como meliponicultura, é uma atividade crescente no Brasil e sua demanda abriu o campo para pesquisas que favorecem esse mercado. Além disso, o papel essencial desempenhado por esses insetos na polinização tem chamado atenção para o seu uso sustentável na prática agrícola. Nesses aspectos, alguns trabalhos são direcionados à aquisição de conhecimento básico sobre a biologia dessas abelhas que embasem técnicas de manejo e aprimoramento da sua criação. Um fator crucial é a multiplicação de colmeias em um intervalo de tempo menor a partir da obtenção artificial de rainhas, que foi o foco deste trabalho. A espécie aqui envolvida, Tetragona clavipes, tem distribuição ampla em território brasileiro e um potencial relevante no fornecimento de produtos como mel, pólen, cera e resinas, apesar dos poucos dados sobre seu manejo na literatura afim. Sua diferenciação de castas depende da quantidade de alimento ingerido durante a fase larval. A primeira parte da pesquisa envolveu a criação de larvas in vitro, onde foi caracterizada a quantidade limiar de alimento larval para diferenciação de castas: entre 45 e 50 µL. Nessas condições emergiram operárias e rainhas; entre 20 e 40 µL, apenas operárias e a partir de 60 até 110 µL, apenas rainhas. Houve mortalidade alta das larvas, com média de 40%, sendo o controle de umidade relativa o ponto crítico. A segunda parte do trabalho envolveu a formação de minicolônias, em que grupos de operárias jovens (aproximadamente 50) foram mantidos com rainhas virgens em caixas pequenas. 26 minicolônias foram montadas, dentre estas, 5 com rainhas naturais. Somente duas rainhas naturais foram fecundadas e tiveram sucesso na fundação dos ninhos. Nesses dois casos o número de operárias utilizado foi maior (em torno de 200) e com idades diferentes. O principal fator que limitou essa etapa foi a agressividade das operárias durante a fase para aceitação das rainhas virgens. Nesse ponto, a estratégia mais eficiente foi a introdução de rainhas, ainda em fase de pupa, dentro de cápsulas de cerume da própria minicolônia, apesar de não terem permanecido nas caixas mesmo depois de terem sido aceitas. Uma análise por morfometria geométrica, com os programas de computador tpsDig e MorphoJ, mostrou a diferença no padrão de venação entre as asas de operárias e rainhas obtidas em laboratório. Em todas as colônias observadas foi constatada a presença de um fungo que se desenvolve naturalmente no interior das células de cria, cujas hifas são ingeridas pela larva. Entretanto, não foi possível o seu isolamento em meio de cultivo. Apesar do número pequeno de ninhos novos formados, o estudo desta espécie possibilitou a aquisição de dados importantes para a continuidade das pesquisas e também para conduzir seu manejo mais eficiente, acrescentando informações até então desconhecidas sobre sua biologia e seu comportamento. / The rational creation of stingless bees, known as meliponiculture in Brazil, is a growing activity and its demand opened the field for research and many works that favor this market. Moreover, the essential role played by these insects as pollinators has drawn attention for its sustainable use in crop pollination. In these respects, some studies are directed to the acquisition of basic knowledge about the biology of these bees which to base management techniques and improvement on its creation. A crucial factor is the multiplication of hives in a shorter interval of time by the artificial obtainment of queens, which is the focus of present work. The species involved here was Tetragona clavipes, which has a wide distribution in Brazil and a significant potential to supply products such as honey, pollen, wax and resins, despite the few data about its management in the related literature. Its caste differentiation depends only on the amount of larval food ingested at the larval stage. The first step of the research involved the development of larvae in vitro, when was characterized the amount of larval food that is the threshold for its caste differentiation: between 45 and 50 µL. In these conditions workers and queens emerge; between 20 and 40 µL, only workers and from 60 to 110 µL, only queens. There was a high mortality of larvae with an average of 40%, where the control of relative humidity was the critical point. The second part of the work involved the attempted to form mini colonies, where groups of young workers (aroud 50) with virgin queens were kept in small boxes. 26 mini colonies were assembled, among these, five with virgins natural queens. Only two natural queens were fertilized and founded nests with success. In these cases the number of workers put inside box was higher (around 200) and with different ages. The main factor that had limited this step was the aggressiveness of the workers during the acceptance of the virgin queens. At this point, the most effective strategy was the introduction of queens still in the pupal stage, inside capsules of cerumen from the own mini colonies, despite not having stayed in the boxes probably by other reasons, even when already were accepted. Additional analysis using geometric morphometrics, with the computer programs tpsDig and MorphoJ, showed a difference in the pattern of wing venation between workers and queens obtained in laboratory. In all colonies observed also was found the presence of a fungus that grows naturally inside of brood cells, whose hyphae are ingested by the larvae. However, it could not be isolated in culture medium. Despite the small number of new nests acquired, the study of this species allowed the acquisition of important data for further research and also to conduct its management more efficient, adding previously unknown details about its biology and behavior.
87

Ocorrência natural de sexuados, produção in vitro de rainhas e multiplicação de colônias em Tetragonisca augustula (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) / Natural occurrence of sexuals, production in vitro of queens and colony multiplication in Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini).

Mauro Prato 04 February 2011 (has links)
Com o avanço da meliponicultura, a utilização das abelhas sem ferrão, assim como de seus subprodutos, tem abrangido novas áreas, como a polinização de culturas agrícolas. Assim, a demanda pelo aumento do número de colônias tem sido constante, porém devido ao pouco conhecimento sobre a biologia reprodutiva dessas abelhas, há dificuldade de produção de colônias em larga escala, acarretando uma séria limitação quanto à utilização comercial desses polinizadores. Buscamos com este trabalho, oferecer ferramentas que possibilitem a multiplicação de colônias de abelhas sem ferrão em grande quantidade em um curto período de tempo. Nas abelhas indígenas sem ferrão (exceto no gênero Melipona e nos casos onde ocorrem rainhas-miniatura) a quantidade de alimento ingerido pelas larvas fêmeas é o fator responsável pela diferenciação das castas, pois as larvas que se tornam rainhas ingerem mais alimento que as larvas de futuras operárias, não havendo diferença qualitativa entre o alimento fornecido às larvas que originarão ambas as castas. De acordo com este modelo de determinação de castas, buscamos estabelecer a produção in vitro de rainhas em Tetragonisca angustula oferecendo maior quantidade de alimento às larvas de operárias, induzindo seu desenvolvimento em rainhas, que após a emergência foram introduzidas em mini-colônias órfãs para verificação da sua viabilidade (fecundação natural e postura de ovos). Em condições naturais as larvas de T. angustula que se tornam rainhas e operárias recebem respectivamente 55 µL e 8 µL de alimento em média. Assim, para a produção in vitro de rainhas oferecemos 55 µL de alimento a larvas de operárias coletadas em estágio pré-alimentação de ninhos naturais e conseguimos uma taxa de sobrevivência de até 51% e de 19% na obtenção de rainhas fisiogástricas, configurando um avanço em relação à taxa natural de emergência de rainhas, que foi de 0,21%. Das mini-colônias onde foram introduzidas rainhas virgens, 41% tiveram sucesso e se tornaram colônias perenes. A utilização de larvas de operárias na produção in vitro de rainhas é possível devido ao fato de as larvas serem totipotentes, assim como a utilização de alimento coletado de células de cria de operárias/machos, pois os resultados das análises comparativas do conteúdo protéico e de aminoácidos totais e livres dos alimentos contidos em células de cria de operárias/machos e células reais mostraram não haver diferenças significativas. A utilização de alimento larval de Scaptotrigona aff. depilis na criação in vitro de rainhas de T. angustula mostrou a possibilidade de produção de rainhas viáveis com esta nova técnica embora os perfis protéicos dos alimentos larvais de ambas as espécies sejam diferentes. Os experimentos de produção in vitro de rainhas com diferentes quantidades de alimento oferecido às larvas mostraram a existência de uma quantidade limite de alimento entre 35 µL e 45 µL acima da qual todos os indivíduos se tornam rainhas e abaixo da qual todos se tornam operárias, não havendo a ocorrência de indivíduos intermediários (intercastas). Introduzindo as rainhas produzidas in vitro em mini-colônias órfãs, conseguimos o estabelecimento de 16 colônias perenes a partir de seis colônias doadoras de material no período de seis meses, o que configura um avanço de 33% em relação às técnicas tradicionais de multiplicação de colônias que conseguiriam formar, no máximo, 12 colônias no mesmo período. A verificação da freqüência de produção de sexuados nas colônias naturais ao longo do ano mostrou que os machos são produzidos sazonalmente com alta taxa no período de fevereiro a abril, e embora as rainhas possuam uma produção baixa e homogênea ao longo do ano, concluímos que aquelas produzidas no período onde ocorre maior disponibilidade de machos possuem maiores chances de serem fecundadas. Assim, foi extremamente importante sincronizar a produção in vitro de rainhas com o período de maior disponibilidade de machos, uma vez que a fecundação destas ocorreu naturalmente. A produção in vitro de rainhas e a multiplicação de colônias nas abelhas sem ferrão se tornam ferramentas importantes para as técnicas de manejo que visam obter colônias em larga escala, com emprego na polinização, meliponicultura e conservação. / With the improvement of meliponiculture, the use of stingless bees, as well as their byproducts, has comprised new areas, such as the pollination of crops. Thus, the requirement by increasing the number of colonies has been constant, but due to poor knowledge about reproductive biology of these bees, have been difficult produce colonies on a large scale, what causes serious limitations on the commercial use of these pollinators. Our goals were to offer tools that allowed the multiplication of stingless bees colonies in large quantities in a short time. In stingless bees (except in the genus Melipona and in cases where there are miniature-queens) the amount of food ingested by female larvae is the responsible feature for caste differentiation, because the larvae that will become queens must to ingest more food than the larvae of future workers, and there is no qualitative difference between the food provided to larvae of both castes. According to this model of caste determination, we aimed at to establish the in vitro production of queens in Tetragonisca angustula, offering a large quantity of larval food to the workers larvae, thus inducing their development into queens that after rearing were introduced in orphaned mini-colonies to verify their feasibility (natural mating and egg laying). Under natural conditions the larvae of T. angustula that become queens and workers receive respectively, 55 µL and 8 µL of food on average. Thus, for the in vitro production of queens we offered 55 µL of food to workers larvae collected in pre-feeding stage from natural nests and we were able to get a survival rate up to 51 % and 19% in obtaining viable queens, which is an improvement compared to 0,21% of rearing queens observed in natural hives. About 41% of mini-colonies, where viable queens were introduced were successful and have become perennial colonies. The use of workers larvae on in vitro production of queens is possible because the larvae are totipotent, as well as the use of food collected from workers/males brood cells, because the results of comparative analysis of protein content and total and free amino acids of food stored in worker/males brood cells and royal cells showed no significant differences. The use of larval food from Scaptotrigona aff. depilis on in vitro rearing of T. angustula queens showed the possibility of producing viable queens, with this new technique, although the protein profiles of larval food of both species were different. The experiments of in vitro production of queens with different amounts of food offered to the larvae showed the existence of a threshold quantity of food between 35 mL and 45 mL above which all individuals become queens and below which all individuals become workers, without the occurrence of intermediate individuals (intercaste). Inserting the queens produced in vitro in orphaned mini-colonies, we were able to establish 16 perennial colonies as from six colonies donors of material in six months, constituting an increase of 33% compared to traditional techniques of multiplication of colonies which would form up only 12 colonies in the same period. Verification of frequency of sexuals reared in natural colonies over the year showed that males are produced seasonally with high rate in the period from February to April, and although the queens have a low and homogeneous occurrence over the year, we concluded that the queens produced during the period where there is greater availability of males, have higher chances of being fertilized. Thus, was extremely important synchronize the in vitro production of queens with the period where there is greater availability of males, since fertilization of these queens occurred naturally. The in vitro production of queens and multiplication of colonies in stingless bees become important tools for handling techniques that aim to obtain colonies on a large scale, with employment in pollination, meliponiculture and conservation.
88

Will Beauty Save the World? A historical context study of the Miss Venezuela pageant as a conceivable contributor to communication for development

de Windt, Jassir January 2019 (has links)
In recent years, old-hand development scholars, in the category of Dan Brockington, have expressed their concern over academia’s neglect of the significance of celebrities in the field. As has been the case of an outturn hereof, namely beauty pageants. In the last six decades, Venezuela has positioned itself not only as one of the world's largest exporters of oil but also as one of the leading engenderers of titleholders in international pageantry. The latter, which has resulted in Venezuelans regarding the pageant as a fundamental cultural undercurrent in their collective identity, seems to be a ceaseless manifestation in spite of the country’s worrisome current socio-economic status. Rather than adopting a condescending paradigm towards the Miss Venezuela pageant, it is precisely this vertex of ambiguity that opens the avenue for an interesting development question. After all, if celebrity beauty queens from Venezuela are deemed as part of the nation’s identity, could the pageant, in the same breath, be deemed as a contributor to communication for development? While espousing historical context as an analysing method and in pursuit of David Hulme’s Celebrity-Development nexus and Elizabeth McCall’s four strands of communication for development, this paper presents a qualitative study in which hands-on experts are given a platform. The findings show the evolution of a beauty pageant from a, nearly, nationalist device into a system that is grounded in the Millennium Development Goals and that aims to forge socially responsible beauty representatives that are competent enough to herald purposeful messages.
89

Studium a stanovení lipidů čmeláků chromatografickými metodami / Analysis of bumblebee lipids using chromatographic methods

Kudzejová, Michaela January 2010 (has links)
Lipids from the fat body of queens of Bombus terrestris species in different life stages were studied using chromatographic methods. High-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization was used to analyze all lipids from the tissue. Semi- preparative thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate triacylglycerols (TGs) from the fat body tissue. The TGs were subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography - atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Quantitative differences between different life stages have been found. Qualitative composition has not been changing significantly. Only minor differences have been found in the substances, which were present in amount less than 1%.
90

Fyziologická podstata dlouhověkosti králů a královen termitů - souvisí dlouhověkost termitů s aktivací telomerázového mechanismu? / Physiological basis of extended longevity in termite kings and queens - is activation of telomerase mechanism linked with extended longevity of termites?

Pangrácová, Marie January 2018 (has links)
- Extended longevity and high fecundity are two phenomena typical for reproductive castes (queens, eventually kings) of eusocial insects. In my thesis, we explore the hypothesis that the longevity of reproductives in the termite Prorhinotermes simplex is linked with the activation of the telomerase enzyme complex. Telomerase is well known for its life-extension functions, due especially to its capacity to prolong the telomeric ends of chromosomes. Therefore, we studied here the gene expression of: (1) the gene TERT coding for the catalytic subunit of the telomerase and (2) the genes of the main endocrine regulatory pathways, known to be responsible for the control of reproduction and longevity in insects. Expression dynamics of these genes were measured in sterile and reproductive castes of P. simplex during their development and sexual maturation. Based on our results obtained from the TERT expression analyses and their comparison with telomerase enzyme activities, we assume that the telomerase action in the long-lived reproductive individuals is regulated at a post-transcription level. Furthermore, we observed in reproductive castes a simultaneous upregulation of some transcription variants of vitellogenin and the genes for insulin signalling pathways. We can, therefore, conclude that in...

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