The interaction behavior of humic acids with uranium(VI) and the influence of humic substances on the migration behavior of uranium was investigated. A main focus of this work was the synthesis of four different humic acid model substances and their characterization and comparison to the natural humic acid from Aldrich. A radiometric method for the determination of humic acid functional groups was applied in addition to conventional methods for the determination of the functionality of humic acids. The humic acid model substances show functional and structural properties comparable to natural humic acids. Modified humic acids with blocked phenolic OH were synthesized to determine the influence of phenolic OH groups on the complexation behavior of humic acids. A synthesis method for 14C-labeled humic acids with high specific activity was developed. The complexation behavior of synthetic and natural humic acids with uranium(VI) was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The synthetic model substances show an interaction behavior with uranium(VI) that is comparable to natural humic acids. This points to the fact that the synthetic humic acids simulate the functionality of their natural analogues very well. For the first time the influence of phenolic OH groups on the complexation behavior of humic acids was investigated by applying a modified humic acid with blocked phenolic OH groups. The formation of a uranyl hydroxy humate complex was identified by laserspectroscopic investigations of the complexation of Aldrich humic acid with uranium(VI)at pH 7. The migration behavior of uranium in a sandy aquifer system rich in humic substances was investigated in column experiments. A part of uranium migrates non-retarded through the sediment, bound to humic colloids. The uranium migration behavior is strongly influenced by the kinetically controlled interaction processes of uranium with the humic colloids. The influence of humic acids on the sorption of uranium(VI) onto phyllite was investigated in batch experiments using two different humic acids. The uranium(VI) sorption onto the rock phyllite is influenced by the pH-dependent sorption behavior of the humic acids.

Breaking the anonymity of different wireless users with the purpose of decreasing internet crime rates is addressed in this thesis by considering radiometric identification techniques. Minute imperfections and non-idealities in the different transmitter components, especially the inherent nonlinearity in power amplifiers, result in variations in their Volterra series representations which could be utilized as a signature. For a two user scenario, signal processing algorithms based on generalized likelihood ratio test(GLRT) and the classical likelihood ratio test are introduced and the resulting receiver decision rules and performance curves are presented. These algorithms consider the high signal to noise ratio(SNR) case where we have available the input samples completely at the receiver which is a practical assumption for most cases. Volterra series are widely used in behavioral modeling of power amplifiers. To validate the existence of these variations in the Volterra series representation of power amplifiers, process variations are introduced as major sources. The plausibility of our techniques are justified by deriving and comparing the Volterra coefficients for the fast and slow process corners. Finally,an information theoretic framework is presented where the amount of mutual information of the output about the Volterra coefficients represents the amount of anonymity taken from users. Here, some results for the low SNR case are presented to prove the achievability of some information about individual systems using our hardware anonymity breaking techniques.

The work is aimed at finding appropriate methods for observing changes in the status of forest vegetation and its evaluation in the years 1992-2015. The satellite images of the Low Tatras are analyzed by using Time Series technology. Specifically, the images Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8, for which it is necessary to perform a calibration and an adjustment of input data values to realize the individual vegetation indices, due to the fact that the images are captured by different sensors with different radiometric resolution. From this perspective, the work deals with the possibilities of normalized relative radiometric corrections and search for a particular type of appropriate compensation for Landsat CDR images. Calibrated data sets are evaluated by Time Series of different vegetation indices. The resulting values are evaluated in relation with the occurrence of forest disturbances, eg. wind storms, biological and other pests. The final part is discussion of the results, evaluating the test methods of calibration and suitability of vegetation indices for observing the state of calamity. The App is created for generating the Time Series of Landsat images CDR and for preparing RRN datasets. Key words: Time Series, radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, Landsat CDR, vegetation indices,...

Nenhuma / Os municípios de Brumadinho e Nova Lima estão localizados na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. São municípios importantes por pertencer a uma Área de Proteção Ambiental inserida no Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Além da riqueza mineral, a região apresenta características geológicas que inclui conglomerados quartzítico associados ao urânio e um expressivo potencial hídrico subterrâneo com características hidrogeológicas bastante particulares e complexas como o aquífero quartzítico, pertencente à Formação Moeda. No presente trabalho foram realizadas medidas radiométricas em 44 amostras de água coletadas durante treze meses em quatro pontos distintos, três pontos situados em Brumadinho de natureza superficial e um ponto pertencente à Nova Lima de natureza subterrânea. Essas amostras tiveram o conteúdo de urânio e tório determinados a partir de um Espectrômetro de Massa com Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente. Foram avaliados as atividades de alfa total, beta total, radio 226, radio 228 e chumbo 210 usando a técnica de Espectrometria de Cintilação em Líquido no qual foi necessário a calibração do mesmo usando padrões de 241Am e 90Sr/90Y, de maneira a obter uma melhor discriminação / para determinação de alfa total e beta total. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, Ministério da Saúde e o Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Os níveis máximos de radioatividade natural da água encontrados foram 0,275 0,052 Bq.L-1 para alfa total, 0,130 0,046 Bq.L-1 para 226Ra e 0,096 0,005 Bq.L-1 para 228Ra. As concentrações de betal total e 210Pb ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção. Para as concentrações de urânio e tório os valores máximos encontrados foram 0,068 μg.L-1 e 0,027 μg.L-1 respectivamente. Palavras-chave: água, radioatividade natural, Espectrômetro de Massa com Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente, Espectrometria de Cintilação em Líquido. / The municipalities of Brumadinho and Nova Lima are located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte city. They are of ecological interest since they belong to an Environmental Protection Area, which is located on a very important deposit of iron ore. In addition of mineral wealth, the region has a geological characteristic that includes quartzitic conglomerates associated with uranium and significant potential underground water with hydrogeological characteristics very particular and complex, as the Quartzite Aquifer, which belongs to a geological formation called the Moeda Formation. In the present work radiometric measurements were performed for 44 water samples. The samples were collected in four geographical points, three of them situated in Brumadinho (surface water) and one point situated in Nova Lima municipality (underground water). The period of sampling extended for a thirteen months period. Some of these locations was used as an alternative sampling point. Uranium and thorium concentrations of the samples were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. The content of gross alpha and gross beta activity, and the concentration of the radionuclides 226Ra,228Ra e 210Pb were determinate by using Spectrometer Liquid Scintillation. In this case was necessary to calibrate the spectrometer using 241Am e 90Sr/90Y standards. The resultants values were compared with those recommended by the World Health Organization, Ministry of Health and the National Council of the Environment. The maximum level of water natural radioactivity found was 0,275 0,052 Bq.L-1 for gross alpha radioation, 0,130 0,046 Bq.L-1 for 226Ra and 0,096 0,005 Bq.L-1 for 228Ra. The levels of gross beta activity and 210Pb were below the detection limit. The maximum concentrations of uranium and thorium found were 0,068 μg.L-1 and 0.027 μg.L-1 respectively.

Ce travail est dédié à la simulation d’écoulements multidimensionnels de gaz raréfiés dans un domaine où l’interface avec le solide est mobile. Le comportement du gaz est modélisé par un modèle de type BGK de l’équation de Boltzmann et une méthode déterministe de vitesses discrètes est utilisée pour discrétiser l’espace des vitesses microscopiques.Dans ce document, nous proposons tout d’abord trois discrétisations spatiales du modèle qui permettent la prise en compte du mouvement des parois solides, grâce à un traitement spécifique des conditions aux limites. Ces approches sont implémentées et validées pour plusieurs cas unidimensionnels et à la suite de cette étude, la méthode maille coupée est choisie pour une extension à des écoulements de dimensions plus élevées.La suite du travail présente l’algorithme utilisé pour la simulation d’écoulements 2D et 3D. La précision et la robustesse de l’implémentation sont mises en avant grâce à la simulation de nombreux cas tests, dont les résultats sont comparés à ceux issus de la littérature. La méthode maille coupée a notamment été optimisée par une technique de raffinement de maillage adaptatif. La simulation instationnaire 3D de la rotation des pâles du radiomètre de Crookes illustre pleinement le potentiel de la méthode. / This work is devoted to the multidimentional simulation of rarefied gases in a domain with moving boundary. The governing equation is given by BGKtype model of Boltzmann equation and velocity space is discretized with a standard discrete velocity method.We first propose three space discretizations that take boundary motion into account by specific treatment of the boundary conditions. These approaches are implemented and validated for several 1D flows. Based on this study, the cut cell method is chosen to be extend to multidimentional flows.Then we detail the cut cell algorithm for 2D and 3D flow simulations. Robustness and accuracy of the implementation are investigated through the simulation of numerous test cases. Our results are rigorously compared to the ones coming from the literature and good agreement is shown. The cut cell method has been optimized with an adaptive refinement mesh technique. The 3D unstationary simulation of the Crookes radiometer rotating vanes is a perfect illustration of the method potential.

This study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of using the radiometric technique as an alternative to traditional methods for determining soil physico-chemical parameters which are important for terroir characterization. In-situ and ex-situ radiometric analyses of soil from three vineyard blocks of Simonsig Wine Estate in the Stellenbosch district (Western Cape, South Africa) were studied. A mobile MEDUSA gamma-ray detection system comprising a CsI(Na) crystal (length 15 cm, diameter 7 cm) and associated electronics mounted on a portable trolley were used for partial terroir characterisation. Thereafter activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th series and 238U series in soil (top ~30 cm) from the measured MEDUSA spectra (0 – 3 MeV) were extracted by means of the full-spectrum analysis (FSA) method. A lead-shielded HPGe detector was used for analyzing collected soil samples while soil physico-chemical parameters were analysed using standard methods at research and commercial laboratories.

This study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of using the radiometric technique as an alternative to traditional methods for determining soil physico-chemical parameters which are important for terroir characterization. In-situ and ex-situ radiometric analyses of soil from three vineyard blocks of Simonsig Wine Estate in the Stellenbosch district (Western Cape, South Africa) were studied. A mobile MEDUSA gamma-ray detection system comprising a CsI(Na) crystal (length 15 cm, diameter 7 cm) and associated electronics mounted on a portable trolley were used for partial terroir characterisation. Thereafter activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th series and 238U series in soil (top ~30 cm) from the measured MEDUSA spectra (0 – 3 MeV) were extracted by means of the full-spectrum analysis (FSA) method. A lead-shielded HPGe detector was used for analyzing collected soil samples while soil physico-chemical parameters were analysed using standard methods at research and commercial laboratories.

Submitted by ÉRIKA AKEMI SAITO MORIYA null (eakemisaito@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T22:32:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_erikamoriya_01022016.pdf: 3211942 bytes, checksum: 65312c57be7482f001060a746a9d581f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-02-02T12:45:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moriya_eas_dr_prud.pdf: 3211942 bytes, checksum: 65312c57be7482f001060a746a9d581f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-02T12:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moriya_eas_dr_prud.pdf: 3211942 bytes, checksum: 65312c57be7482f001060a746a9d581f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A hipótese levantada neste trabalho foi que as imagens hiperespectrais tomadas de plataformas aéreas como o veículo aéreo não-tripulado (VANT) e assinaturas espectrais medidas em campo ou laboratório podem ser utilizados em Agricultura de Precisão, especificamente na identificação de doenças na lavoura de cana-de-açúcar. Para testar esta hipótese foi delineado um objetivo principal, desenvolver uma metodologia para realizar o tratamento e análise de imagens hiperespectrais obtidas por sensor aerotransportado, de modo que os produtos auxiliem na caracterização da resposta espectral da cana-de-açúcar visando a discriminação e reconhecimento de talhões com doença na cana-de-açúcar. Portanto, neste trabalho desenvolveu-se uma metodologia que envolveu a realização de levantamentos em campo apoiados radiometricamente e a realização de análises em laboratório, para obter a curva espectral de cana-de-açúcar sadia e doentes, no intuito de identificar os comprimentos de onda mais propícios para detecção de doenças. A identificação de comprimentos de onda sensíveis a mudanças pela ação de agentes patogênicos foi importante para a elaboração de índices para detecção de duas doenças da cana-de-açúcar (estria vermelha e mosaico). Além disso, foi analisada a influência do ângulo de visada na estimativa do fator de reflectância hemisférico cônico na cana-de-açúcar, verificando o efeito da anisotropia na cana-de-açúcar. A obtenção de informação sobre o efeito da anisotropia na cana-de-açúcar foi importante para definir a estratégia de processamento das imagens hiperespectrais. As regiões com cana-de-açúcar infectadas com estria vermelha e mosaico foram discriminadas a partir de imagens hiperespectrais adquiridas por VANT, proporcionando informação para o planejamento da aplicação de defensivos agrícolas com a determinação precisa do posicionamento das regiões contaminadas e definição das estratégias de manejo da cultura agrícola visando um melhor gerenciamento da produção. / The hypothesis in this study was that the hyperspectral images taken from aerial platforms like unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and spectral signatures measured in field or lab can be use in precision agriculture, specifically in identifying diseases in sugarcane crop. To test this hypothesis has been outlined a primary objective to develop a methodology to perform processing and analyzing hyperspectral images obtained by airborne sensor, so that the products assist in characterizing the spectral response of the sugarcane aiming discrimination and recognition stands with disease in sugarcane. Therefore, this study developed a methodology that involved surveying in supported radiometrically field and the analysis in the laboratory for the spectral curve of healthy and diseased sugarcane in order to identify the most propitious wavelengths to detect diseases. The identification of wavelengths sensitive to changes by the action of pathogens was important for the development of indexes to detect two diseases of sugarcane (red stripe and mosaic). Furthermore, was analyzed the influence of the viewing angle in estimating the hemispherical conical reflectance factor in sugarcane, by checking the effect of anisotropy in sugarcane. Obtaining information on the effect of anisotropy on sugarcane was important to define the hyperspectral image processing strategy. Regions with sugarcane infected with red stripe and mosaic were discriminated from hyperspectral images acquired by UAV, providing information for planning the application of agriculture defensives with the precise determination of the positioning of the contaminated regions and defining the management strategies of the crop to provide a better production management.

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T15:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2174658 bytes, checksum: 32615157c634ff96ea0d5edeb9dc6b9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T15:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2174658 bytes, checksum: 32615157c634ff96ea0d5edeb9dc6b9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / One way to diagnose the level of electrical insulation degradation is to identify the occurrence of partial discharges (PD). Early detection of defects in insulation enables the programming of electric power equipment maintenance activities. Thus, the electrical system can operate more reliably and with fewer interruptions. In addition to detection, the information provided by pulses of partial discharges allow the location of its source. In this work, the main objective is to develop a hybrid technique of location, based on the time-of-arrival and the energies of PD signals. The performance of the hybrid technique was compared with three other location radiometric techniques. For this purpose, the methods used to estimate time-of-arrival of PD pulses and localization techniques are explained in details. In order to make simulations of this work was to develop a model of ray tracing, which is able to simulate the propagation of the pulse wave environments defined by maps. These results were obtained from four simulation scenarios: free space with noise, room with obstacles and without noise, high-voltage substation without noise and high-voltage substation with noise. The performance of the hybrid technique was inferior to that of the location techniques that depend only on the time-of-arrival, the accuracy is not as affected by multipath. However, the estimate provided by the hybrid technique proves useful as an initial condition for non linear time-of-arrival non linear technique. / Uma forma de diagnosticar o nível de degradação de isolamentos elétricos consiste em identificar a ocorrência de descargas parciais (DP). A detecção precoce de defeitos em isolamentos viabiliza a programação de atividades de manutenção de equipamentos elétricos de potência. Dessa forma, o sistema elétrico pode operar de forma mais confiável e com um número menor de interrupções. Além da detecção, as informações fornecidas pelos pulsos de descargas parciais permitem a localização da sua fonte. Neste trabalho, o principal objetivo é desenvolver uma técnica híbrida de localização, baseada nos instantes de chegada e nas energias dos sinais de DP. O desempenho da técnica híbrida foi comparado com o de outras três técnicas radiométricas de localização. Para este propósito, os métodos usados para estimar os instantes de chegada dos pulsos de DP e as técnicas de localização estão explicados em detalhes. A fim de realizar as simulações deste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um modelo de traçado de raios, que é capaz de simular a propagação dos pulsos de ondas em ambientes definidos por mapas. Os resultados deste trabalho foram obtidos a partir de quatro cenários de simulação: espaço livre com ruído, sala com obstáculos e sem ruído, subestação de alta tensão sem ruído e subestação de alta tensão com ruído. O desempenho da técnica híbrida foi inferior ao desempenho das técnicas de localização que dependem apenas dos instantes de chegada, cuja precisão não é tão afetada pelo multipercurso. No entanto, a estimativa fornecida pela técnica híbrida se mostrou útil como condição inicial para o sistema linear de uma das técnicas e localização pelos instantes de chegada.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T12:11:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladocarmoalmeida.pdf: 15878287 bytes, checksum: 7ce86267329e6481b097f64af841fe34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T15:26:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladocarmoalmeida.pdf: 15878287 bytes, checksum: 7ce86267329e6481b097f64af841fe34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T15:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladocarmoalmeida.pdf: 15878287 bytes, checksum: 7ce86267329e6481b097f64af841fe34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Este trabalho teve por objetivos projetar um sistema eletrônico de controle destinado a fornecer uma alternativa simplificada e eficiente para estudos de fisiologia vegetal envolvendo luz artificial, bem como para sua utilização em determinados processos de cultivo de plantas em estufas. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre a interação entre a iluminação artificial e o cultivo de plantas, tanto para o propósito de uma cultura comercial quanto para possibilitar a interpretação do comportamento de plantas em estudos botânicos. Este sistema eletrônico possibilita a determinação das quantidades radiométricas de interesse quando a iluminação artificial é usada como suplemento ou como única fonte de iluminação em cultivos. Com base em estudos anteriores, é proposto a produção de um sistema autônomo constituído por um aparelho de iluminação composto por LEDs brancos e/ou coloridos. Além disso, foram realizados alguns experimentos radiométricos preliminares utilizando luminárias comerciais de LEDs, visando sua utilização em associação com o sistema de controle proposto. Os parâmetros medidos mais relevantes foram o fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos, fluxo luminoso e a temperatura de cor correlata. Espera-se que o protótipo desenvolvido apresente características que agreguem flexibilidade e comportamento radiométrico relevante para cultivos controlados. / This work aims to develop an electronic control system with the purpose to drive a simplified and efficient alternative for vegetal physiology studies involving artificial light as well as for its utilization in certain plants crop at greenhouses. Additionally, this work presents a brief review regarding the interaction between artificial lighting and plants, with purposes of commercial crops and the possibility of interpretation of plants behavior in botanic studies. This electronic system enables the determination of the radiometric quantities of interest when the lighting is used as a supplement or as the only lighting source in crops. Using the latest studies, it is proposed an autonomous system consisting basically of white and/or colored LEDs. Besides, it were performed radiometric experiences using commercial luminaires with LEDs aiming the use of them in the proposed control system. The more relevant measured parameters were the photosynthetic photon flux, luminous flux and correlated colour temperature. The proposed system shows flexibility and relevant radiometric behavior, which are particularly useful in Plant Physiology.