本文利用連續Cournot 寡占模型分析垂直相關市場中，產能限制如何幫助垂直整合廠商提高對手成本，並檢視歐盟執委會非水平結合準則中對於此議題規範的妥適性。結果顯示，垂直整合廠商提高對手誘因與攫取市場分額無直接關係，且與無產能限制情況相比，在相當範圍內，垂直整合廠商反而偏好自己產能受到限制。當垂直整合廠商受到產能限制時，獨立上游競爭廠商將減少中間財生產，使得垂直整合廠商可以藉由少量中間財購買，大幅提高對手成本，增加利潤。 / This paper analyzes the impact of capacity constraint on vertically integrated firm and other independent downstream in a Cournot Duopoly market. The result shows that vertically integrated firm may prefer to be constrained in its capacity since it could raise rivals’ cost with fewer cost after supply shrink of other upstream suppliers. Aside from EC Guideline, 2004, the research proves no direct relevance between market share captures and raising rival’s cost of a vertically integrated firm. Vertically integrated firm with capacity constraint may as well further raise rival’s cost even such may reduce its market share or revenue as the tremendous reduction cost on strategic buying. Moreover, as the fringe downstream expands to three, the profit gap of vertically integrated firm between constrained and unconstrained capacity will be wider.

本研究探討公司籌措資金的方式，並介紹目前熱門的群眾募資的起源、歷史發展，各地區市場概況，接者探討台灣市場、法規範、稅負、募資平台、金流方式、趨勢及2015年中新立法通過的股權模式群眾募資等。 本文以筆者實際執行過的群眾募資專案為個案，探討個案在台灣現況下所遇到的法規範、稅負及有無發生爭議，並提出改善群募爭議的方法。此外也透過個案中的資料，利用實證研究得出，若贊助者曾經向提案團隊購買過商品，則其贊助金額會高於一般贊助者，另外研究結果也得知，若是在週末贊助的贊助者，其贊助金額也高於週間的贊助者，上述兩項因素都和贊助金額成顯著的關係。此外也從實證中發現，本募資個案中女性贊助者高於男性贊助者，但性別和贊助金額是不顯著關係，女性平均的贊助金額並沒有高於男性，而居住區域也和贊助金額呈現不顯著關係，本個案中，超過七成的贊助金額來自北部地區，但北部贊助者每人平均贊助金額並沒有高於中部和南部贊助者。 / This study investigated the company funding modalities and the history of the crowdfunding, development trend and market. And probed the conditions of law, tax, fund-raising platform, cash flow mode, trends in Taiwan. In this paper, the author actually been executed crowdfunding project as a case, investigate cases of legal norms, tax and dispute in the current situation. The use of empirical study concluded that if the sponsors had proposed to purchase goods over the proposal team, then the amount will be higher than the general sponsors, additional findings also informed that if the sponsors donated in weekend, which is also higher than the amount of sponsor of the week, these two factors have a significant relationship with amount of sponsorship. Also from the empirical findings, the women sponsor were more than men sponsors in the case, but gender is not significant, women sponsors average amount weren’t higher than men sponsors. While residential areas are also no significant relationship with the amount of sponsorship. In the case more than seventy percent of the amount of sponsorship from the north, but northern sponsor average amount were not higher than the central and southern sponsors.

Past higher education fund-raising studies examining alumni giving across several institutions have had two main limitations. First, the multitude of independent variables used in these studies has made it difficult to determine whether past studies have discovered many different factors that influence levels of alumni gift revenue, or whether they have discovered a few common factors that have been represented by different sets of variables in each study. Second, past studies have failed to adequately describe causal mechanisms through which variables significantly related to gift revenue influence levels of gift revenue. The current study addresses the aforementioned limitations in creating an aggregate model of donor behavior for law school alumni. The study examines alumni giving at 41 ABA-approved law schools. The results indicate that four basic factors account for most (87 percent) of the variance in amounts of alumni annual fund revenue among different law schools. The four factors, listed in order of importance and shown with the variables that load highly on each factor, are the following: Factor l--"Institutional Quality" (variables are average LSAT scores of accepted law students; reputation of law school among professors at other law schools; reputation of law school's graduates among judges and practicing lawyers; average starting salaries of new graduates of the law school; total number of volumes in law library; number of volumes in law library divided by FTE enrollment;). Factor 2--"Institutional Size" (variables are: FTE law school enrollment; number of living law school alumni; number of FTE law faculty; total number of law school advancement staff people). Factor 3--"Relative Advancement Effort" (variables are: number of law school advancement staff people divided by number of living law school alumni; number of law school reunion classes solicited for special gifts each year). Factor 4--"Institutional Age" (variables are: age of law school; age of law school's parent institution). Differences between the factor structures for public and private law schools are examined. The study suggests possible causal mechanisms through which these four factors influence the amount of alumni gift revenue raised by each law school.

Chaque année, quelques milliers de jeunes Québécois découvrent la coopération internationale, par le biais de stages dans des pays dits « en développement ». Si les retombées de ces stages sur les populations partenaires du Sud sont connues et régulièrement évaluées, il existe en revanche peu d'études de suivi des stagiaires à leur retour au Québec. Quel impact cette expérience a-t-elle eu sur ces jeunes? Quelles étaient leurs motivations au départ? Et comment leur engagement vis-à-vis des problématiques de développement a-t-il évolué ou s’est-il même maintenu suite à leur séjour? Comment leur expérience a-t-elle façonné leurs projets professionnels et leurs perceptions de l’avenir? Ce mémoire a pour objet de dresser un portrait de l’impact d’un stage de coopération internationale sur les jeunes stagiaires de retour au Québec. Pour ce faire, notre recherche s’appuie sur des données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies auprès d’anciens stagiaires de l’ONG Mer et Monde. Les données quantitatives ont été collectées à l’aide d’un sondage effectué auprès de 367 anciens stagiaires et un entretien de groupe a fourni les bases qualitatives de la recherche. Les résultats de l’analyse suggèrent que le stage a très certainement une forte influence sur l’engagement et le mode de vie des jeunes à leur retour au Québec. À la suite de l’expérience à l’étranger, l’identité des enquêtés est notamment affectée par rapport à six aspects : l’ouverture sur le monde, la conscience écologique, la conscience sociale, le développement personnel, le rapport à l’« Autre », et les représentations de l’« Ailleurs ». Il apparait que ce sont tout autant les habitudes de vie, que le regard que les stagiaires portent sur le monde, qui se sont trouvés affectés. Et la spécificité d’une telle expérience et les processus à l’œuvre nous permettent d’assimiler ce type de stage à une expérience de développement du cosmopolitisme et de la conscientisation des jeunes Québécois. / Each year, several thousand young Quebecers discover International Cooperation, through internships in countries known as "developing." Although the impact of these internships on southern populations are known and regularly assessed, there are few studies following up the youth on their return to Quebec. What impact did this experience have on these people? What were their motivations to start? And how has their commitment toward development issues changed? Did it even continue after their stay overseas? How has the experience shaped their professional projects and their perceptions of the future? This thesis main object is to picture the impact of international cooperation internships on young people when they return home. Our research is based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from alumni of the NGO Mer et Monde. Quantitative data were collected using a survey of 367 alumni, and a group interview provided the basis for the qualitative investigation. The results of the analysis suggest that the experience overseas has definitely a strong influence on the commitment and lifestyle of young people on their return to Quebec. Following the experience abroad, the identity of the respondents is particularly affected over six aspects: their openness to the world, their environmental awareness, their social consciousness, their personal development, their relationships to the "Others" and their representations of the "Elsewhere". It appears that it is as much the lifestyle, as the relationships and the ways of thinking that evolve through the internship. And the specificity of such an experience and the processes at work allow us to assimilate this type of internship with an experience of cosmopolitanism and awareness-raising of young Quebecers.

The primary focus of this study was to discover the depth of involvement with fundraising by student affairs professionals in Texas. It sought to determine the predominance of chief student affairs officers trained in development and the types of training that they received. Cooperation between student affairs divisions and development offices was also studied and whether there was a correlation between a cooperative relationship and the number of successful fundraising goals. This study includes a review of related literature on student affairs fundraising, a description of the methodology, results of the survey, conclusions, implications, and recommendations that may assist in future decision-making concerning future involvement in fundraising. The surveys were mailed to 149 four-year (public and private) institutions and two-year public institutions in Texas. The senior staff members of both the student affairs office and development office were asked to complete a survey. There was a 60.7% return rate consisting of responses from 72 development offices and 95 student affairs offices for a total of 167 usable responses. The study found that 59% of the student affairs officers had some formal training and/or on the job training. Involvement in fundraising was reported by 62.1% of the chief student affairs officers. Eighteen percent reported that they employed a development officer exclusively for student affairs fundraising, and another 30% had a development officer assigned to student affairs. Most development officers and student affairs officers perceived the other officer as cooperative rather than competitive in raising funds. Recommendations from this study include studying community college fundraising structures separately for more depth, conducting qualitative interviews with student affairs development officers, making a comparison of student affairs offices that have full-time development officers, and comparing the differences in fundraising success between development officers and chief student affairs officers. Recommendations for the professions include resource development training for student affairs officers and student affairs education for development officers.

Thesis (Master's Degree in Technology: Entrepreneurship), Durban Institute of Technology, 2003. / Over the last decade computer technology has impacted tremendously on the survival and productivity of organisations. In today's technologically advanced business environment, much emphasis is being placed on obtaining a competitive advantage through the use of computers - a commodity that has become available to almost everyone in an organisation. Increasing global competition and pressing social needs have impacted with such vigo~ that even tertiary institutions are now facing major financial constraints, thus forcing them to investigate alternative sources of income to maintain sustainability. Through the use of computer technology - searching, retrieving, sorting, producing and organising data efficiently and accurately - the belief is that many departments at the M L Sultan Campus of the Durban Institute of Technology can be converted into income-generating units that can be self-sustaining. There are many departments at the M L Sultan Campus with the relevant infrastructure and person-power to establish business units. These departments vary in the services that they provide, thus relevant information systems need to be aligned to future business units within these departments. This study focuses on a) investigating the impact of information technology and its systems on businesses; b) ensuring that information technology and its systems is looked at a~ a cost effective resource for maintaining a competitive edge and promoting business value. The interaction of business processes, people and technology will ensure successful planning and implementation of strategies within the potential business units; and c) recommending to selected departments the expected fmdings whereby they could choose to adopt these recommendations to transform themselves into business units in order to maintain a competitive edge for financial sustainability. / M

Chaque année, quelques milliers de jeunes Québécois découvrent la coopération internationale, par le biais de stages dans des pays dits « en développement ». Si les retombées de ces stages sur les populations partenaires du Sud sont connues et régulièrement évaluées, il existe en revanche peu d'études de suivi des stagiaires à leur retour au Québec. Quel impact cette expérience a-t-elle eu sur ces jeunes? Quelles étaient leurs motivations au départ? Et comment leur engagement vis-à-vis des problématiques de développement a-t-il évolué ou s’est-il même maintenu suite à leur séjour? Comment leur expérience a-t-elle façonné leurs projets professionnels et leurs perceptions de l’avenir? Ce mémoire a pour objet de dresser un portrait de l’impact d’un stage de coopération internationale sur les jeunes stagiaires de retour au Québec. Pour ce faire, notre recherche s’appuie sur des données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies auprès d’anciens stagiaires de l’ONG Mer et Monde. Les données quantitatives ont été collectées à l’aide d’un sondage effectué auprès de 367 anciens stagiaires et un entretien de groupe a fourni les bases qualitatives de la recherche. Les résultats de l’analyse suggèrent que le stage a très certainement une forte influence sur l’engagement et le mode de vie des jeunes à leur retour au Québec. À la suite de l’expérience à l’étranger, l’identité des enquêtés est notamment affectée par rapport à six aspects : l’ouverture sur le monde, la conscience écologique, la conscience sociale, le développement personnel, le rapport à l’« Autre », et les représentations de l’« Ailleurs ». Il apparait que ce sont tout autant les habitudes de vie, que le regard que les stagiaires portent sur le monde, qui se sont trouvés affectés. Et la spécificité d’une telle expérience et les processus à l’œuvre nous permettent d’assimiler ce type de stage à une expérience de développement du cosmopolitisme et de la conscientisation des jeunes Québécois. / Each year, several thousand young Quebecers discover International Cooperation, through internships in countries known as "developing." Although the impact of these internships on southern populations are known and regularly assessed, there are few studies following up the youth on their return to Quebec. What impact did this experience have on these people? What were their motivations to start? And how has their commitment toward development issues changed? Did it even continue after their stay overseas? How has the experience shaped their professional projects and their perceptions of the future? This thesis main object is to picture the impact of international cooperation internships on young people when they return home. Our research is based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from alumni of the NGO Mer et Monde. Quantitative data were collected using a survey of 367 alumni, and a group interview provided the basis for the qualitative investigation. The results of the analysis suggest that the experience overseas has definitely a strong influence on the commitment and lifestyle of young people on their return to Quebec. Following the experience abroad, the identity of the respondents is particularly affected over six aspects: their openness to the world, their environmental awareness, their social consciousness, their personal development, their relationships to the "Others" and their representations of the "Elsewhere". It appears that it is as much the lifestyle, as the relationships and the ways of thinking that evolve through the internship. And the specificity of such an experience and the processes at work allow us to assimilate this type of internship with an experience of cosmopolitanism and awareness-raising of young Quebecers.

Most research studies of women in the college and university advancement profession measure the number of women in advancement positions, report their corresponding salaries and reflect on the differences between male and female employees in the same position. Little research explores how women achieve high ranking advancement positions and very few provide an analysis of the characteristics, influences and careers of successful female advancement professionals. This dissertation describes the life and work of Virginia Carter Smith, founding editor of the Council for Advancement and Support of Education's award winning publication CURRENTS. The career and contributions of Virginia Carter Smith are relevant and helpful to advancement professionals in colleges, universities and K-12 institutions. This study explores Smith's formative years as a child, describes her educational and extra-curricular preparation and identifies individuals who influenced her life and provided direction for her future. It also examines Smith's role in the formation and direction of CASE and CURRENTS. Smith successfully launched CURRENTS in 1975 when few women held senior-level positions in advancement-related fields. With Smith's contributions, CASE became the dominate professional organization for advancement professionals working in educational institutions, and CURRENTS continues to be an exemplary professional development periodical for individuals working in advancement. This study also examines how Smith promoted qualified individuals, particularly women, to senior-level positions in colleges and university advancement offices. Hundreds of women and men in the profession claim that Smith's served as a role model or mentor to them. Smith contributed to the increase of women in advancement offices nationally over the last twenty years. Her high standards for herself and for other development officers helped professionalize the field for everyone.

Com o aumento do poder da computação e o surgimento de dispositivos de comunicação móvel (smartphones), cada vez mais inteligentes, acompanhado de uma variedade de aplicativos capazes de monitorar eventos externos, observa-se um crescimento no desenvolvimento de aplicações capazes de monitorar, em tempo real, processos e sistemas, usando a tecnologia disponível nos smartphones. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade da aplicação dessas tecnologias também em sistemas biológicos, como nos equinos. Estes animais apresentam pré-disposição para a síndrome cólica, podendo levá-los a óbito, quando não socorridos em tempo hábil. Uma forma de socorrê-los é diagnosticá-los precocemente. Tal diagnóstico pode ser realizado por meio da observação e/ou detecção de alteração do padrão de comportamento cinético do animal. Logo, os smartphones, que possuem sensores de movimento, podem ser um dos mecanismos de auxílio ao diagnóstico da síndrome cólica. Para testar esta aplicabilidade foram utilizados três equinos que usaram, um por vez, um smartphone acoplado a caneleira. Para o monitoramento, o dispositivo móvel instalado no animal, possuia um aplicativo que armazenava os dados dos sensores e os disponibilizava em outro dispositivo digital, via e-mail. Os sensores foram calibrados em quatro tomadas, sendo uma no cavalo 1: treinando, duas no cavalo 2: na baia e no pasto e uma no cavalo 3: no pasto. Os animais foram analisados no momento que estiveram usando o equipamento de forma contínua. A análise comportamental foi alicerçada na interação animal-sensor baseado no conceito descrito por Henson e Hayward (2010), ou seja, o comportamento cinético do animal foi a entrada pertubativa para avaliar as respostas dos sensores. / With the increase in computer power, mobile communication or smartphones and the wide variety of applications developed for the devices that are able to track external events, there are a growing number of applications that involve the real-time tracking of processes and systems using the technology available in smartphones. This work aims to evaluate the possibility of applying these technologies also in biological systems, how the horses. These animals are prone for the colic syndrome that may lead them to death when not rescued in a time. In addition, one way to help them is early diagnosis. Such a diagnosis can be performed in part by the kinetic behavior pattern of the animal and the smartphones have kinetic (motion) sensors. Therefore, the smartphone can be one of the mechanisms to aid in the diagnosis of colic syndrome, thus defining the central objective of this project. To test the applicability three horses will be used, they will use one at a time, the smartphone coupled. The mobile device, installed in the animal, will have an application that will store the data of the sensors and make them available in another digital device via e-mail. The sensors were calibrated in four outlets, one on horse 1: training, two on horse 2: in coach horse and on pasture, one on horse 3: on pasture. The animals will be evaluated when they are using the equipment in continuous way. Behavioral analysis will be based on the animal-sensor interaction based on the concept described by Henson and Hayward (2010), that is, the kinetic behavior of the animal will be the pertubative input to evaluate the responses of the sensors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jones.pdf: 835078 bytes, checksum: bdb7befe57a0d93f9b20909b393fe570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This thesis aims to investigate the perception that native speakers have of Brazilian Portuguese pretonic mid vowels /e/ and /o/ in pretonic position on words in context for harmony and vowel raising processes. In creating the identification test, the audio files stimulus were edited and normalized in the Praat software (BOERSMA; WEENINK, 2012) and presented to the informants in the form of a perception test using the TP software (RAUBER; RATO; KLUGE; SANTOS; FIGUEIREDO, 2012). In this study, 40 informants participated, being 20 females and 20 males, aged between 18 and 30 years old, born in the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with an ongoing or completed undergraduate degree. The results were statistically analyzed in the IBM SPSS software version 20.0. The statistical analysis showed that the perception of pretonic mid vowels [e] and [o] was more accurate than the perception of pretonic high vowels [i] and [u], resulting from the harmony and vowel raising processes. Considering a possible relationship between the perception of the vowels and the use of phonological processes, this study has been based on the theory of the Model of L1 Processing (BOERSMA, 2007), which allowed to show the interaction of faith and struct constraints with cue constrains through, respectively, the Phonological Forms of Surface and Underlying and the Phonetic Form, linking Phonetics and Phonology / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a percepção que os falantes nativos têm das vogais médias pretônicas do Português Brasileiro /e/ e /o/ em posição pretônica em palavras com o contexto para os processos de harmonia e de alçamento vocálico. Na formulação do teste de identificação, os arquivos de áudio estímulos foram editados e normalizados no software Praat (BOERSMA; WEENINK, 2012) e apresentados aos informantes em forma de um teste de percepção no software TP (RAUBER; RATO; KLUGE; SANTOS; FIGUEIREDO, 2012). Participaram desta pesquisa 40 informantes, sendo 20 do sexo feminino e 20 do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos e com ensino superior completo ou em andamento, nascidos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Pelotas. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente no software IBM SPSS versão 20.0. A análise estatística revelou que a percepção das vogais médias pretônicas [e] e [o] foi mais acurada do que a percepção das vogais altas pretônicas [i] e [u], resultantes dos processos de harmonia e de alçamento vocálico. Considerando-se uma possível relação entre a percepção de vogais e o emprego dos processos fonológicos, este trabalho teve como fundamento teórico o Modelo de Processamento de L1 (BOERSMA, 2007), o qual permitiu mostrar a interação de restrições de fidelidade e de estrutura com restrições de pista por meio, respectivamente, das Formas Fonológicas de Superfície e Subjacente e da Forma Fonética, vinculando Fonética e Fonologia